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Zehnder TE, Nasrallah DJ, Stanley JL, Kiernicki JJ, Szymczak NK, Schindler CS. Development of an In Situ Protocol for the Intramolecular Olefination of Oximes. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Troy E. Zehnder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Daniel J. Nasrallah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jarrod L. Stanley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - John J. Kiernicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nathaniel K. Szymczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corinna S. Schindler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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2
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Uchiyama S, Sotani T, Mizokuro T, Sogawa H, Wagener KB, Sanda F. End Functionalization of Polynorbornene with Platinum–Acetylide Complexes Utilizing a Cross-Metathesis Reaction. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Uchiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita 564-8680, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taichi Sotani
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita 564-8680, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiko Mizokuro
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Sogawa
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita 564-8680, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Fumio Sanda
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita 564-8680, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Bai J, Wang Y, You W. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cyclopropene derivatives towards polyolefin elastomer analogues. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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4
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Kuanr N, Gilmour DJ, Gildenast H, Perry MR, Schafer LL. Amine-Containing Monomers for Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: Understanding Chelate Effects in Aryl- and Alkylamine-Functionalized Polyolefins. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalendu Kuanr
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Damon J. Gilmour
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hans Gildenast
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mitchell R. Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
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Zhang Z, Gao Y, Chen S, Wang J. Palladium-Catalyzed Living/Controlled Vinyl Addition Polymerization of Cyclopropenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17806-17815. [PMID: 34647454 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the various utilities of cyclopropenes (CPEs) in organic synthesis and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), their vinyl addition polymerization has been sporadically explored, and the corresponding living/controlled polymerization remains a formidable challenge. The major obstacle is the intrinsic instability of the intermediate and the kinetic barrier for propagation. Herein a living/controlled vinyl addition polymerization of 3-methyl-3-carboxymethyl CPEs, catalyzed by [Pd(π-allyl)Cl]2 ligated by a sulfinamide bisphosphine ligand, is demonstrated. A plot of the number-average molecular weight (Mn) versus the conversion was found to be linear during the polymerization, with the molecular weight dispersity (Mw/Mn) remaining narrow. The Mn values increased linearly with the increase in the initial feed ratio of monomer to catalyst. Furthermore, controlled block copolymerization via sequential monomer addition was successful. All of these points corroborate the living nature of this polymerization. The synergistic coordination action of the catalyst ligand and the lateral carbonyl group in the cyclopropene moiety plays a key role in achieving the efficient polymerization in a living/controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yunpeng Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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6
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Zhao T, Zhu K, Yu X, Yuan X, Ren L. From Polymerization Inhibition to Controlled
Ring‐Opening
Metathesis Polymerization of Macromonomers with Tertiary Amine Groups: The Effect of Spacer Chain
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Kongying Zhu
- Analysis and Measurement Center, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Lixia Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
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7
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Bai H, Han L, Li W, Li C, Zhang S, Wang X, Yin Y, Yan H, Ma H. C5 and C6 Polymerizations by Anion Migrated Ring-Opening of 1-Cyclopropylvinylbenzene and 1-Cyclobutylvinylbenzene. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Bai
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Company, Ltd., Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Songbo Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yu Yin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Elling BR, Su JK, Xia Y. Polymerization of Cyclopropenes: Taming the Strain for the Synthesis of Controlled and Sequence-Regulated Polymers. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:356-365. [PMID: 33371668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopropenes (CPEs) are highly strained cyclic olefins, yet there are surprisingly limited examples leveraging their high strain energy for polymerization. In the past, attempts had been made to polymerize CPEs via cationic and insertion polymerization, but side reactions often gave uncontrolled polymers with mixed backbone structures. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) represents an ideal strategy for polymerizing CPEs to access new types of polymers. The proximity of substituents to the olefin in the small framework of CPEs offers a modular handle to tune the kinetic barrier to propagation by the modulation of the substituents. While the first few studies focused on the homopolymerization of simple alkyl or phenyl disubstituted CPEs, we recently explored the metathesis of a wide range of CPEs with different substituents using Grubbs catalysts and discovered surprising and diverse reactivities that are contingent on the positions, sterics, and electronics of substituents. The observed reactivities ranged from living homopolymerization to catalyst deactivation to single addition to the catalyst without homopropagation. In particular, the exclusively single addition reactivity found in two families of CPEs, with either bis(methanol ester) or phenyl and methanol ester substituents at the allylic position, is unusual for any monomer and perhaps counterintuitive for highly strained cycles. These single-addition CPEs could, however, be copolymerized with low-strain cyclic olefins to generate perfectly alternating copolymers with controlled molecular weights and low dispersity and to introduce degradable backbone linkages. A single equivalent (relative to the active chain end) of such CPEs could also be added to the active chain end of living ROMP polymers to install functional terminal groups or during living ROMP to place single units of functional moieties or side chains at any desired chain locations in narrow-disperse homopolymers and block copolymers. This account summarizes the polymerization of CPEs with a focus on our journey to uncover the rich and unique metathesis reactivities of CPEs and their utility in synthesizing well-controlled and sequence-regulated polymers. It provides the first collective structure-metathesis reactivity relationships for CPEs in the context of polymer chemistry and an understanding of the interactions between the catalyst and the substituents of appended ring-opened CPEs. It may become clear from this Account that the exploration of strained cycles in polymer chemistry can be quite fruitful in discovering new chemistry and accessing new types of polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Elling
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jessica K. Su
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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9
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Zhang Z, Gao Y, Chen S, Wang J. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Polymerization of Cyclopropenes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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