1
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Pierini NG, Paiva WA, Durant OC, Dobbins AM, Wheeler BB, Currier ME, Vesenka J, Oldenhuis NJ. Generation of topologically defined linear and cyclic DNA bottle brush polymers via a graft-to approach. Polym Chem 2025:d5py00082c. [PMID: 40376451 PMCID: PMC12070894 DOI: 10.1039/d5py00082c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2025] [Accepted: 04/29/2025] [Indexed: 05/18/2025]
Abstract
Herein, we report a graft-to approach for synthesizing linear and circular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bottlebrush polymers (BBPs). Using a bioreactor, plasmid DNA (pDNA) serves as an inexpensive and abundant source of circular, biodegradable, and unimolecular polymers. pDNA is easily converted to the linear isoform through enzymatic restriction, providing access to polymeric backbones with distinct topological states. DNA is grafted with polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether chloroethylamines (mPEGCEA) to yield DNA BBPs. Importantly this PEGylation occurs rapidly under ambient conditions in aqueous buffer. By varying the molecular weight of mPEGCEA (M w = 750, 2000, 5000 Da) and the concentration relative to μmol of nucleotides, different brush arm densities and lengths were achieved with both linear and macrocyclic DNA backbones. Analysis of the DNA BBPs was achieved through agarose gel electrophoresis, which showed graft densities of up to ~68% and ~74% for linear and ring DNA respectively. The grafting process does not alter base pairing or circularity as determined using atomic force microscopy. Shear rheology was used to compare the mechanical response of 1% wt/wt solutions of the ring and linear DNA BBPs to their un-alkylated forms. Linear DNA BBPs exhibited a lower shear modulus versus linear DNA, which is expected due to the increased persistence length and decreased ability to interpenetrate associated with the attachment of polymer arms. However, the circular DNA BBPs exhibited a universally higher shear modulus versus the un-alkylated sample suggesting an increase in interchain interaction via addition of polymer arms. Finally, the increased steric encumbrance of the DNA BBPs slows enzymatic degradation, potentially providing a general method to increase stability of DNA constructs towards nuclease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Pierini
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Physical Science, University of New Hampshire 23 Academic Way Parsons Hall Durham NH 03824 USA
| | - Wynter A Paiva
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Physical Science, University of New Hampshire 23 Academic Way Parsons Hall Durham NH 03824 USA
| | - Owen C Durant
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Physical Science, University of New Hampshire 23 Academic Way Parsons Hall Durham NH 03824 USA
| | - Aubrianna M Dobbins
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Physical Science, University of New Hampshire 23 Academic Way Parsons Hall Durham NH 03824 USA
| | - Ben B Wheeler
- School of Molecular and Physical Sciences, University of New England 11 Hills Beach Road Biddeford ME 04005 USA
| | - Matthew E Currier
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Physical Science, University of New Hampshire 23 Academic Way Parsons Hall Durham NH 03824 USA
| | - James Vesenka
- School of Molecular and Physical Sciences, University of New England 11 Hills Beach Road Biddeford ME 04005 USA
| | - Nathan J Oldenhuis
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Physical Science, University of New Hampshire 23 Academic Way Parsons Hall Durham NH 03824 USA
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2
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Probst P, Lindemann M, Bruckner JR, Atwi B, Wang D, Fischer FR, Högler M, Bauer M, Hansen N, Dyballa M, Buchmeiser MR. Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerization under Confinement. J Am Chem Soc 2025. [PMID: 40009038 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c18171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2025]
Abstract
The cationic molybdenum alkylidyne N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex [Mo(C-p-OMeC6H4)(OCMe(CF3)2)2 (IMes)][B(ArF4] (IMes = 1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene) was selectively immobilized inside the pores of ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) with pore diameters of 66, 56, and 28 Å and used in the ring-expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) of cyclic olefins to yield cyclic polymers. A strong confinement effect was observed for cis-cyclooctene (cCOE), 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD), (+)-2,3-endo,exo-dicarbomethoxynorborn-5-ene ((+)-DCMNBE), and 2-methyl-2-phenylcycloprop-1-ene (MPCP), allowing for the synthesis of low-molecular-weight cyclic polymers even at a high monomer concentration. The exclusive formation of cyclic polymers was demonstrated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Confinement also influences stereoselectivity, resulting in a pronounced increase in Z-selectivity and in an increased cis-syndiospecificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Probst
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Moritz Lindemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Johanna R Bruckner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Boshra Atwi
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Dongren Wang
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Felix R Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn 33098, Germany
| | - Marc Högler
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn 33098, Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Michael Dyballa
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Michael R Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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3
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Jakhar VK, Shen YH, Yadav R, Nadif SS, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Lester DW, Veige AS. Tethered Alkylidenes for REMP from Carbon Disulfide Cleavage. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12207-12217. [PMID: 38888279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Reactions between tungsten alkylidyne [tBuOCO]W≡CtBu(THF)2 1 and sulfur containing small molecules are reported. Complex 1 reacts with CS2 to produce intermediate η2 bound CS2 complex [O2C(tBuC═)W(η2-(S,C)-CS2)(THF)] 8. Heating complex 8 provides a mixture of a monomeric tungsten sulfido complex 9 and a dimeric complex 10 in a 4:1 ratio, respectively. Heating the mixture does not perturb the ratio. Addition of excess THF in a solution of 9 and 10 (4:1) converts 10 to 9 (>96%) with concomitant loss of (CS)x. Both 9 and 10 can be selectively crystallized from the mixture. An alternative synthesis of exclusively monomeric 9 involves the reaction between 1 and PhNCS. Demonstrating ring expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP), tethered tungsten alkylidene 8 polymerizes norbornene to produce cis-selective syndiotactic cyclic polynorbornene (c-poly(NBE)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet K Jakhar
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yu-Hsuan Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Rinku Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Soufiane S Nadif
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Daniel W Lester
- Polymer Characterization Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Adam S Veige
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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4
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Miao Z, Scott FJ, van Tol J, Bowers CR, Veige AS, Mentink-Vigier F. Soliton Based Dynamic Nuclear Polarization: An Overhauser Effect in Cyclic Polyacetylene at High Field and Room Temperature. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3369-3375. [PMID: 38498927 PMCID: PMC11869146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Polyacetylene, a versatile material with an electrical conductivity that can span 7 orders of magnitude, is the prototypical conductive polymer. In this letter, we report the observation of a significant Overhauser effect at the high magnetic field of 14.1 T that operates at 100 K and room temperature in both linear and cyclic polyacetylene. Significant NMR signal enhancements ranging from 24 to 45 are obtained. The increased sensitivity enabled the characterization of the polymer chain defects at natural abundance. The absence of end methyl group carbon-13 signals provides proof of the closed-loop molecular structure of cyclic polyacetylene. The remarkable efficiency of the soliton based Overhauser effect DNP mechanism at high temperature and high field holds promise for applications and extension to other conductive polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Center for Catalysis, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - F. J. Scott
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - J. van Tol
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - C. R. Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Center for Catalysis, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - A. S. Veige
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Center for Catalysis, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - F. Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
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5
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Russell JB, Konar D, Keller TM, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Telser J, Lester DW, Veige AS, Sumerlin BS, Mindiola DJ. Metallacyclobuta-(2,3)-diene: A Bidentate Ligand for Stream-line Synthesis of First Row Transition Metal Catalysts for Cyclic Polymerization of Phenylacetylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318956. [PMID: 38109203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Described here is a direct entry to two examples of 3d transition metal catalysts that are active for the cyclic polymerization of phenylacetylene, namely, [(BDI)M{κ2 -C,C-(Me3 SiC3 SiMe3 )}] (2-M) (BDI=[ArNC(CH3 )]2 CH- , Ar=2,6-i Pr2 C6 H3 ; M=Ti, V). Catalysts are prepared in one step by the treatment of [(BDI)MCl2 ] (1-M, M=Ti, V) with 1,3-dilithioallene [Li2 (Me3 SiC3 SiMe3 )]. Complexes 2-M have been spectroscopically and structurally characterized and the polymers that are catalytically formed from phenylacetylene were verified to have a cyclic topology based on a combination of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and intrinsic viscosity studies. Two-electron oxidation of 2-V with nitrous oxide (N2 O) cleanly yields a [VV ] alkylidene-alkynyl oxo complex [(BDI)V(=O){κ1 -C-(=C(SiMe3 )CC(SiMe3 ))}] (3), which lends support for how this scaffold in 2-M might be operating in the polymerization of the terminal alkyne. This work demonstrates how alkylidynes can be circumvented using 1,3-dianionic allene as a segue into M-C multiple bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Debabrata Konar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA) E-mail: s
| | - Taylor M Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael R Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Physical and Health Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Daniel W Lester
- Polymer Characterization Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Adam S Veige
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA) E-mail: s
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA) E-mail: s
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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6
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Korpusik AB, Adili A, Bhatt K, Anatot JE, Seidel D, Sumerlin BS. Degradation of Polyacrylates by One-Pot Sequential Dehydrodecarboxylation and Ozonolysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10480-10485. [PMID: 37155970 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We establish a synthetically convenient method to degrade polyacrylate homopolymers. Carboxylic acids are installed along the polymer backbone by partial hydrolysis of the ester side chains, and then, in a one-pot sequential procedure, the carboxylic acids are converted into alkenes and oxidatively cleaved. This process enables the robustness and properties of polyacrylates to be maintained during their usable lifetime. The ability to tune the degree of degradation was demonstrated by varying the carboxylic acid content of the polymers. This method is compatible with a wide range of polymers prepared from vinyl monomers through copolymerization of acrylic acid with different monomers including acrylates, acrylamides, and styrenics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie B Korpusik
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Alafate Adili
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kamal Bhatt
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jacqueline E Anatot
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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7
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Ochs J, Pagnacco CA, Barroso-Bujans F. Macrocyclic polymers: Synthesis, purification, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Cui M, Jia G. Organometallic Chemistry of Transition Metal Alkylidyne Complexes Centered at Metathesis Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12546-12566. [PMID: 35793547 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transition metals form a variety of alkylidyne complexes with either a d0 metal center (high-valent) or a non-d0 metal center (low-valent). One of the most interesting properties of alkylidyne complexes is that they can undergo or mediate metathesis reactions. The most well-studied metathesis reactions are alkyne metathesis involving high-valent alkylidynes. High-valent alkylidynes can also undergo metathesis reactions with heterotriple bonded species such as N≡CR, P≡CR, and N≡NR+. Metathesis reactions involving low-valent alkylidynes are less known. Highly efficient alkyne metathesis catalysts have been developed based on Mo(VI) and W(VI) alkylidynes. Catalytic cross-metathesis of nitriles with alkynes has also been achieved with M(VI) (M = W, Mo) alkylidyne or nitrido complexes. The metathesis activity of alkylidyne complexes is sensitively dependent on metals, supporting ligands and substituents of alkylidynes. Beyond metathesis, metal alkylidynes can also promote other reactions including alkyne polymerization. The remaining shortcomings and opportunities in the field are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Cui
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guochen Jia
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong, China.,HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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9
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Wu B, Su HZ, Wang ZY, Yu ZD, Sun HL, Yang F, Dou JH, Zhu R. Copper-Catalyzed Formal Dehydration Polymerization of Propargylic Alcohols via Cumulene Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4315-4320. [PMID: 35245047 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a copper-catalyzed formal dehydration polymerization of propargylic alcohols. Copper catalysis allows for efficient in situ generation of [n]cumulenes (n = 3, 5) by a soft deprotonation/β-elimination pathway and subsequent polymerization via organocopper species. Alkyne polymers (Mn up to 36.2 kg/mol) were produced with high efficiency (up to 95% yield) and excellent functional group tolerance. One-pot synthesis of semiconducting head-to-head poly(phenylacetylene) was demonstrated through a polymerization-isomerization sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao-Ze Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zi-Di Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Han-Li Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jin-Hu Dou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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10
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Luppi BT, Muralidharan AV, Ostermann N, Cheong IT, Ferguson MJ, Siewert I, Rivard E. Redox‐Active Heteroatom‐Functionalized Polyacetylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno T. Luppi
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Abhishek V. Muralidharan
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Nils Ostermann
- University of Goettingen Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Goettingen Germany
| | - I T. Cheong
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Inke Siewert
- University of Goettingen Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Goettingen Germany
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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12
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Luppi BT, Muralidharan AV, Ostermann N, Cheong IT, Ferguson MJ, Siewert I, Rivard E. Redox-Active Heteroatom-Functionalized Polyacetylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114586. [PMID: 34826183 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of metallic conductivity in polyacetylene [-HC=CH-]n upon doping represents a landmark achievement. However, the insolubility of polyacetylene and a dearth of methods for its chemical modification have limited its widespread use. Here, we employ a ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) protocol to prepare functionalized polyacetylenes (fPAs) bearing: (1) electron-deficient boryl (-BR2 ) and phosphoryl (-P(O)R2 ) side chains; (2) electron-donating amino (-NR2 ) groups, and (3) ring-fused 1,2,3-triazolium units via strain-promoted Click chemistry. These functional groups render most of the fPAs soluble and can lead to intense light absorption across the visible to near-IR region. Also, the presence of redox-active boryl and amino groups leads to opposing near-IR optical responses upon (electro)chemical reduction or oxidation. Some of the resulting fPAs show greatly enhanced air stability when compared to known polyacetylenes. Lastly, these fPAs can be cross-linked to yield network materials with the full retention of optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno T Luppi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Abhishek V Muralidharan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Nils Ostermann
- University of Goettingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - I T Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Inke Siewert
- University of Goettingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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