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Rajawasam CWH, Tran C, Weeks M, McCoy KS, Ross-Shannon R, Dodo OJ, Sparks JL, Hartley CS, Konkolewicz D. Chemically Fueled Reinforcement of Polymer Hydrogels. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5553-5560. [PMID: 36848549 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbodiimide-fueled anhydride bond formation has been used to enhance the mechanical properties of permanently crosslinked polymer networks, giving materials that exhibit transitions from soft gels to covalently reinforced gels, eventually returning to the original soft gels. Temporary changes in mechanical properties result from a transient network of anhydride crosslinks, which eventually dissipate by hydrolysis. Over an order of magnitude increase in the storage modulus is possible through carbodiimide fueling. The time-dependent mechanical properties can be modulated by the concentration of carbodiimide, temperature, and primary chain architecture. Because the materials remain rheological solids, new material functions such as temporally controlled adhesion and rewritable spatial patterns of mechanical properties have been realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamoni W H Rajawasam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Corvo Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Michael Weeks
- Instrumentation Laboratory, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Kathleen S McCoy
- Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Robert Ross-Shannon
- Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Obed J Dodo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Jessica L Sparks
- Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - C Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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