1
|
Lei X, Zhang Z, Xiao Y, Yu Q, Liu Y, Ma X, Zhang Q. Tröger's Base Polyimide Membranes with Enhanced Mechanical Robustness for Gas Separation. Polymers (Basel) 2025; 17:524. [PMID: 40006186 PMCID: PMC11859751 DOI: 10.3390/polym17040524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Revised: 02/13/2025] [Accepted: 02/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
The rigid V-shaped Tröger's base (TB) unit has been proven efficacious in creating microporosity, making TB-based polyimides (PIs) exhibiting significant advantages in simultaneously increasing gas permeability and selectivity for the separation industry. However, TB-based PIs commonly display undesired mechanical performance due to the low molecular weight resulting from the evident steric hindrance and low reactivity of TB-containing diamines. Herein, a novel diamine-containing bisimide linkage (BIDA) has been synthesized and then polymerized with paraformaldehyde via a moderate "TB polymerization" strategy to furnish polymers simultaneously, including imide linkages and TB units in the polymer main chains, namely, TB-PIs. This TB polymerization strategy avoids the direct polymerization of dianhydride with low-reactivity TB diamine. After incorporating a meta-methyl substituent into BIDA diamine, the m-MBIDA diamine-derived m-MTBPI ultimately exhibits a high molecular weight, good tensile strength (90.4 MPa) and an outstanding fracture toughness (45.1 MJ/m3). And more importantly, the m-MTBPI membrane displays an evidently enhanced gas separation ability in comparison with BIDA-derived TBPI, with overall separation properties much closer to the 1991 Robeson upper bound. Moreover, no sign of plasticization appears for the m-MTBPI membrane when separating a high-pressure CO2/CH4 mixture (v/v = 1/1) up to 20 bar, with the CO2/CH4 mixed-gas separation performance approaching the 2018 upper bound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingfeng Lei
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Porous Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Zixiang Zhang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Porous Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yuyang Xiao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Porous Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Qinyu Yu
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Porous Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yewei Liu
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Porous Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Porous Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jin Y, Li M, Yang Y. Covalent Organic Frameworks for Membrane Separation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2025; 12:e2412600. [PMID: 39661725 PMCID: PMC11791980 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202412600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Revised: 11/17/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
Membranes with switchable wettability, solvent resistance, and toughness have emerged as promising materials for separation applications. However, challenges like limited mechanical strength, poor chemical stability, and structural defects during membrane fabrication hinder their widespread adoption. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), crystalline materials constructed from organic molecules connected by covalent bonds, offer a promising solution due to their high porosity, stability, and customizable properties. The ordered structures and customizable functionality provide COFs with a lightweight framework, large surface area, and tunable pore sizes, which have attracted increasing attention for their applications in membrane separations. Recent research has extensively explored the preparation strategies of COF membranes and their applications in various separation processes. This review uniquely delves into the influence of various COF membrane fabrication techniques, including interfacial polymerization, layer-by-layer assembly, and in situ growth, on membrane thickness and performance. It comprehensively explores the design strategies and potential applications of these methods, with a particular focus on gas separation, oil/water separation, and organic solvent nanofiltration. Furthermore, future opportunities, challenges within this field, and potential directions for future development are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan‐Hang Jin
- College of ChemistryJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Meng‐Hao Li
- College of ChemistryJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Ying‐Wei Yang
- College of ChemistryJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Xu M, Zhang N, Tao L, Shao M, Wang T, Yang Z, Wang Q, Zhang Y. Exploring the Adaptability of 4D Printed Shape Memory Polymer Featuring Dynamic Covalent Bonds. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2406358. [PMID: 39254280 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202406358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
4D printing (4DP) of high-performance shape memory polymers (SMPs), particularly using digital light processing (DLP), has garnered intense global attention due to its capability for rapid and high-precision fabrication of complex configurations, meeting diverse application requirements. However, the development of high-performance dynamic shape memory polymers (DSMPs) for DLP printing remains a significant challenge due to the inherent incompatibilities between the photopolymerization process and the curing/polymerization of high-strength polymers. Here, a mechanically robust DSMP compatible is developed with DLP printing, which incorporates dynamic covalent bonds of imine linking polyimide rigid segments, exhibiting remarkable mechanical performance (tensile strength ≈41.7 MPa, modulus ≈1.63 GPa) and thermal stability (Tg ∼ 113 °C, Td ∼ 208 °C). More importantly, benefiting from the solid-state plasticity conferred by dynamic covalent bonds, 4D printed structures demonstrate rapid network adaptiveness, enabling effortless realization of reconfiguration, self-healing, and recycling. Meanwhile, the extensive π-π conjugated structures bestow DSMP with an intrinsic photothermal effect, allowing controllable morphing of the 4D configuration through dual-mode triggering. This work not only greatly enriches the application scope of high-performance personalized configurations but also provides a reliable approach to addressing environmental pollution and energy crises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingkun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liming Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mingchao Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tingmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zenghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Z, Hu J, Wang H. Hierarchical Polyimide Microparticles with Controllable Morphology. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400487. [PMID: 38537118 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Hierarchical polyimides (PIs) not only show outstanding thermal stability and high mechanical strength but also have great advantages in terms of microstructure and surface area, which makes them highly valuable in various fields such as aerospace, microelectronics, adsorption, catalysis, and energy storage. However, great challenges still remain in the synthesis of hierarchical PIs with well-defined microstructure. Herein, polyamide acid salts (PAAS) with tunable ionization degree are synthesized first via the polymerization of dianhydride and diamine monomers in deionized water with 1,2-dimethylimidazole (DMIZ). Then cationic cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) is added to the PAAS aqueous solution to induce the formation of polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes based on electrostatic interaction. After a typical hydrothermal reaction (HTR) procedure, hierarchical PIs with different microstructures such as urchin-like PI microparticles, flower-like PI microparticles, and lamellar PI petals can be fabricated simply by changing the additive amount of DMIZ and CTAC. The nanostructure self-assemblies of PAAS are dominated by the charges on macromolecular chains and the formation of hierarchical structures of polymers is ascribed to a geometrical selection process during crystal growth. This work provides valuable insights into the self-assembly behaviors of polyelectrolyte systems for synthesizing well-defined hierarchical polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jianhua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lian M, Zheng F, Meng L, Zhao F, Liu J, Song J, Lu Q. Comparison of Homo-Polyimide Films Derived from Two Isomeric Bis-Benzimidazole Diamines. Molecules 2023; 28:4889. [PMID: 37446551 PMCID: PMC10343788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heteroaromatic polyimides (PIs) containing benzimidazole have attracted tremendous attention due to their positive impact on the properties of PIs. Some research on PIs containing 4,4'-[5,5'-bi-1H-benzimidazole]-2,2'-diylbis-benzenamine (4-AB) has been reported. However, reports are lacking on homo-polyimides (homo-PIs) containing 3,3'-[5,5'-bi-1H-benzimidazole]-2,2'-diylbis-benzenamine (3-AB), which is one of the isomers of 4-AB. In this paper, the influence of amino groups' positions on the performance of homo-PIs was investigated. It was found that the net charge of the amine N group in 4-AB was lower than that of 3-AB, resulting in higher reactivity of 4-AB. Consequently, PIs containing 4-AB displayed better mechanical performance. Molecular simulation confirmed that 3-AB and its corresponding PI chain exhibited distorted conformation, leading to the PI films containing 3-AB having a lighter color. In addition, the 3-AB structure was calculated to have higher rotational energy compared to 4-AB, resulting in a higher glass transition temperature (Tg) in PIs prepared from 3-AB. On the other hand, PIs containing 4-AB exhibited a higher level of molecular linearity, leading to a lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) compared to PIs prepared from 3-AB. Furthermore, all PIs showed higher thermal stability with a 5% weight loss temperature above 530 °C and Tg higher than 400 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lian
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Clean Utilization of Chemical Resources, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China; (M.L.); (L.M.); (F.Z.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Feng Zheng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Clean Utilization of Chemical Resources, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China; (M.L.); (L.M.); (F.Z.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Fei Zhao
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Clean Utilization of Chemical Resources, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China; (M.L.); (L.M.); (F.Z.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Clean Utilization of Chemical Resources, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China; (M.L.); (L.M.); (F.Z.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jimei Song
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Clean Utilization of Chemical Resources, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China; (M.L.); (L.M.); (F.Z.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Qinghua Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao Y, Wang H, Liu X, Zong X, Luo J, Xue S. Tailoring the Micropore Structure of 6FDA-Based Network Polyimide Membranes for Advanced Gas Separation by Decarboxylation. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050461. [PMID: 37233522 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The 6FDA-based network PI has attracted significant attention for gas separation. A facile strategy to tailor the micropore structure within the network PI membrane prepared by the in situ crosslinking method is extremely significant for achieving an advanced gas separation performance. In this work, the 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (DCB) or 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid (DABA) comonomer was incorporated into the 6FDA-TAPA network polyimide (PI) precursor via copolymerization. The molar content and the type of carboxylic-functionalized diamine were varied in order to easily tune the resulting network PI precursor structure. Then, these network PIs containing carboxyl groups underwent further decarboxylation crosslinking during the following heat treatment. Properties involving thermal stabilities, solubility, d-spacing, microporosity, and mechanical properties were investigated. Due to the decarboxylation crosslinking, the d-spacing and the BET surface areas of the thermally treated membranes were increased. Moreover, the content of DCB (or DABA) played a key role in determining the overall gas separation performance of the thermally treated membranes. For instance, after the heating treatment at 450 °C, 6FDA-DCB:TAPA (3:2) showed a large increment of about ~532% for CO2 gas permeability (~266.6 Barrer) coupled with a decent CO2/N2 selectivity~23.6. This study demonstrates that incorporating the carboxyl-containing functional unit into the PI backbone to induce decarboxylation offers a practical approach with which to tailor the micropore structure and corresponding gas transport properties of 6FDA-based network PIs prepared by the in situ crosslinking method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiangyun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xueping Zong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jiangzhou Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Song Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Achieving both low thermal expansion and low birefringence for polyimides by regulating chain structures. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
|
8
|
Xiao Y, Lei X, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ma X, Zhang Q. Double-Decker-Shaped Phenyl-Substituted Silsesquioxane (DDSQ)-Based Nanocomposite Polyimide Membranes with Tunable Gas Permeability and Good Aging Resistance. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
9
|
Ma J, Liu X, Wang R, Lu C, Wen X, Tu G. Research Progress and Application of Polyimide-Based Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13040656. [PMID: 36839026 PMCID: PMC9961415 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyimide (PI) is one of the most dominant engineering plastics with excellent thermal, mechanical, chemical stability and dielectric performance. Further improving the versatility of PIs is of great significance, broadening their application prospects. Thus, integrating functional nanofillers can finely tune the individual characteristic to a certain extent as required by the function. Integrating the two complementary benefits, PI-based composites strongly expand applications, such as aerospace, microelectronic devices, separation membranes, catalysis, and sensors. Here, from the perspective of system science, the recent studies of PI-based composites for molecular design, manufacturing process, combination methods, and the relevant applications are reviewed, more relevantly on the mechanism underlying the phenomena. Additionally, a systematic summary of the current challenges and further directions for PI nanocomposites is presented. Hence, the review will pave the way for future studies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li JQ, Li WS, Zhang WT, Zhu S, Luo CY, Liu WS, Zhang LY. Enhancing Molecular Chain Entanglement and π-π Stacking Toward the Improvement of Shape Memory Performance of Polyimide. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-023-2911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
11
|
Yoon D, Lee H, Kim T, Song Y, Lee T, Lee J, Hun Seol J. Enhancing the Thermal Conductivity of Amorphous Polyimide by Molecular-scale Manipulation. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|