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Tanaka J, Li J, Clouthier SM, You W. Step-growth polymerization by the RAFT process. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37287313 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01087b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) step-growth polymerization is an emerging method that synergistically combines the benefits of RAFT polymerization (functional group and user-friendly nature) and step-growth polymerization (versatility of the polymer backbone). This new polymerization method is generally achieved by using bifunctional reagents of monomer and Chain Transfer Agent (CTA), that efficiently yield Single Monomer Unit Insertion (SUMI) adducts under stoichiometrically balanced conditions. This review covers a brief history of the RAFT-SUMI process and its transformation into RAFT step-growth polymerization, followed by a comprehensive discussion of various RAFT step-growth systems. Furthermore, characterizing the molecular weight evolution of step-growth polymerization is elaborated based on the Flory model. Finally, a formula is introduced to describe the efficiency of the RAFT-SUMI process, assuming rapid chain transfer equilibrium. Examples of reported RAFT step-growth and SUMI systems are then categorized based on the driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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2
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Zhang L, Lin S, Xu J. Stereochemistry-Induced Discrimination in Reaction Kinetics of Photo-RAFT Initialization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shiyang Lin
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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3
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Precise Pentamers with Diverse Monomer Sequences and Their Thermal Properties. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2689-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Boeck P, Archer N, Tanaka J, You W. Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Step-Growth Polymerization with Commercially Available Inexpensive Bis-Maleimides. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, commercially available N-aromatic substituted bismaleimides were used in RAFT step-growth polymerization for the first time. In our initial report (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143 (39), 15918-15923), maleimide precursors...
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5
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Hakobyan K, Xu J, Müllner M. The challenges of controlling polymer synthesis at the molecular and macromolecular level. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01581h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we outline advances and challenges in controlling the structure of polymers at various size regimes in the context of structural features such as molecular weight distribution, end groups, architecture, composition and sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hakobyan
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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6
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Zhang L, Liu R, Lin S, Xu J. PET-RAFT single unit monomer insertion of β-methylstyrene derivatives: RAFT degradation and reaction selectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10759-10762. [PMID: 34585689 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03927j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) single unit monomer insertion (SUMI) of β-methylstyrene derivatives into diverse RAFT agents presented fast reaction kinetics, but significant degradation of the SUMI products occurred due to a hydrogen abstraction reaction. Fortunately, such degradation can be suppressed through appropriate design of initial RAFT agents attributed to effective chain transfer and selective photoactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Ruizhe Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Shiyang Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Zhang L, Liu R, Huang Z, Xu J. How does the single unit monomer insertion technique promote kinetic analysis of activation and initiation in photo-RAFT processes? Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The single unit monomer insertion technique provides a simple platform for the kinetic investigation of early stage of photo-RAFT process that comprises photo-activation of initial RAFT agents and addition of RAFT leaving radicals to the monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
| | - Ruizhe Liu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
| | - Zixuan Huang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
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8
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Tanaka J, Häkkinen S, Boeck PT, Cong Y, Perrier S, Sheiko SS, You W. Orthogonal Cationic and Radical RAFT Polymerizations to Prepare Bottlebrush Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7203-7208. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joji Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA
| | - Satu Häkkinen
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Parker T. Boeck
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA
| | - Yidan Cong
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Sergei S. Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA
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Tanaka J, Häkkinen S, Boeck PT, Cong Y, Perrier S, Sheiko SS, You W. Orthogonal Cationic and Radical RAFT Polymerizations to Prepare Bottlebrush Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joji Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA
| | - Satu Häkkinen
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Parker T. Boeck
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA
| | - Yidan Cong
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Sergei S. Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA
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Liu R, Zhang L, Huang Z, Xu J. Sequential and alternating RAFT single unit monomer insertion: model trimers as the guide for discrete oligomer synthesis. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00390e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A complete set of model trimers and their synthetic kinetics are established to guide the synthesis of diverse sequence-defined polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Liu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- NSW 2052
- Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- NSW 2052
- Australia
| | - Zixuan Huang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- NSW 2052
- Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- NSW 2052
- Australia
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11
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Xu J. Single Unit Monomer Insertion: A Versatile Platform for Molecular Engineering through Radical Addition Reactions and Polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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