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Tanaka A, Kiriyama A, Sano A, Changung C, Katsumi H, Yamamoto A, Furubayashi T. Left-Right Difference in Brain Pharmacokinetics Following Nasal Administration Via One-Site Nostrils. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00174-6. [PMID: 38734208 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The olfactory and trigeminal pathways are direct delivery pathways between the nose and brain. To determine the effect of direct delivery on drug distribution in the brain, two model drugs with different physical properties, antipyrine (ANP), with high membrane permeability, and ranitidine (RNT), with low membrane permeability, were selected. For ANP, direct delivery from the nose to the brain was observed only in the olfactory bulb beside the nasal cavity, with a direct transport percentage (DTP) of approximately 45 %, whereas in the frontal and occipital brains, the contribution from the systemic circulation to the brain was observed as the primary route of brain distribution. No significant variations were observed in the pharmacokinetics of ANP in the left and right brain, whereas RNT was distributed in all brain regions with a DTP of > 95 %. The closer the brain region is to the nasal cavity, the higher the DTP. Furthermore, the left brain, the same nostril site (left nostril) of administration, had a larger level of drug delivery than the right brain. These findings imply that the influence of the administered nostril site differs based on the physicochemical properties and amount of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi 4-19-1, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kiriyama
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sano
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi 4-19-1, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Cho Changung
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi 4-19-1, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Katsumi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furubayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi 4-19-1, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
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2
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Narumi T, Toyama D, Fujimoto J, Kyan R, Sato K, Mori K, Pearson JT, Mase N, Takayama K. Amide-to-chloroalkene substitution for overcoming intramolecular acyl transfer challenges in hexapeptidic neuromedin U receptor 2 agonists. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3563-3566. [PMID: 38465405 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06197c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
CPN-116 is a peptidic agonist that activates human neuromedin U receptor type 2 (NMUR2) but suffers from chemical instability due to inherent backbone isomerization on the Dap residue. To address this, a Leu-Dap-type (Z)-chloroalkene dipeptide isostere was synthesized diastereoselectively as a surrogate of the Leu-Dap peptide bond to develop a (Z)-chloroalkene analogue of CPN-116. The synthesized CPN-116 analogue is stable in 1.0 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) without backbone isomerization and can activate NMUR2 with similar potency to CPN-116 at nM concentrations (EC50 = 1.0 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Narumi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8561, Japan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
- Course of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Daichi Toyama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8561, Japan.
| | - Junko Fujimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kyan
- Course of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Kohei Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8561, Japan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
- Course of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Kenji Mori
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - James T Pearson
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mase
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8561, Japan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
- Course of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takayama
- Laboratory of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasaginakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Pałasz A, Worthington JJ, Filipczyk Ł, Saganiak K. Pharmacomodulation of brain neuromedin U signaling as a potential therapeutic strategy. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1728-1736. [PMID: 37496289 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Neuromedin U (NMU) belongs to a family of multifunctional neuropeptides that modulate the activity of several neural networks of the brain. Acting via metabotropic receptor NMUR2, NMU plays a role in the regulation of multiple systems, including energy homeostasis, stress responses, circadian rhythms, and endocrine signaling. The involvement of NMU signaling in the central regulation of important neurophysiological processes and its disturbances is a potential target for pharmacological modulation. Number of preclinical studies have proven that both modified NMU analogues such as PASR8-NMU or F4R8-NMU and designed NMUR2 agonists, for example, CPN-116, CPN-124 exhibit a distinct pharmacological activity especially when delivered transnasally. Their application can potentially be useful in the more convenient and safe treatment of obesity, eating disorders, Alzheimer's disease-related memory impairment, alcohol addiction, and sleep disturbances. Accumulating findings suggest that pharmacomodulation of the central NMU signaling may be a promising strategy in the treatment of several neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - John J Worthington
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Łukasz Filipczyk
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Saganiak
- Department of Anatomy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Botticelli L, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Del Bello F, Giorgioni G, Piergentili A, Quaglia W, Bonifazi A, Cifani C, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV. The neuromedin U system: Pharmacological implications for the treatment of obesity and binge eating behavior. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106875. [PMID: 37517560 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuromedin U (NMU) is a bioactive peptide produced in the gut and in the brain, with a role in multiple physiological processes. NMU acts by binding and activating two G protein coupled receptors (GPCR), the NMU receptor 1 (NMU-R1), which is predominantly expressed in the periphery, and the NMU receptor 2 (NMU-R2), mainly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). In the brain, NMU and NMU-R2 are consistently present in the hypothalamus, commonly recognized as the main "feeding center". Considering its distribution pattern, NMU revealed to be an important neuropeptide involved in the regulation of food intake, with a powerful anorexigenic ability. This has been observed through direct administration of NMU and by studies using genetically modified animals, which revealed an obesity phenotype when the NMU gene is deleted. Thus, the development of NMU analogs or NMU-R2 agonists might represent a promising pharmacological strategy to treat obese individuals. Furthermore, NMU has been demonstrated to influence the non-homeostatic aspect of food intake, playing a potential role in binge eating behavior. This review aims to discuss and summarize the current literature linking the NMU system with obesity and binge eating behavior, focusing on the influence of NMU on food intake and the neuronal mechanisms underlying its anti-obesity properties. Pharmacological strategies to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of NMU will also be reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Botticelli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Gianfabio Giorgioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piergentili
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Wilma Quaglia
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, Camerino 62032, Italy.
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5
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Ligand recognition and activation of neuromedin U receptor 2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7955. [PMID: 36575163 PMCID: PMC9794833 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromedin U receptor 2 (NMU2), an emerging attractive target for treating obesity, has shown the capability in reducing food intake and regulating energy metabolism when activated. However, drug development of NMU2 was deferred partially due to the lack of structural information. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of NMU2 bound to the endogenous agonist NmU-25 and Gi1 at 3.3 Å resolution. Combined with functional and computational data, the structure reveals the key factors that govern the recognition and selectivity of peptide agonist as well as non-peptide antagonist, providing the structural basis for design of novel and highly selective drugs targeting NMU2. In addition, a 25-degree rotation of Gi protein in reference to NMU2 is also observed compared in other structures of class A GPCR-Gi complexes, suggesting heterogeneity in the processes of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activation and G protein coupling.
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6
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Regulation of feeding and therapeutic application of bioactive peptides. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Takayama K. Peptide Tool-Driven Functional Elucidation of Biomolecules Related to Endocrine System and Metabolism. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:413-419. [PMID: 35650039 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The enhancement of basic research based on biomolecule-derived peptides has the potential to elucidate their biological function and lead to the development of new drugs. In this review, two biomolecules, namely "neuromedin U (NMU)" and "myostatin," are discussed. NMU, a neuropeptide first isolated from the porcine spinal cord, non-selectively activates two types of receptors (NMUR1 and NMUR2) and displays a variety of physiological actions, including appetite suppression. The development of receptor-selective regulators helps elucidate each receptor's detailed biological roles. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was conducted to achieve this purpose using the amidated C-terminal core structure of NMU for receptor activation. Through obtaining receptor-selective hexapeptide agonists, molecular functions of the core structure were clarified. Myostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth and has attracted attention as a target for treating atrophic muscle disorders. Although the protein inhibitors, such as antibodies and receptor-decoys have been developed, the inhibition by smaller molecules, including peptides, is less advanced. Focusing on the inactivation mechanism by prodomain proteins derived from myostatin-precursor, a first mid-sized α-helical myostatin-inhibitory peptide (23-mer) was identified from the mouse sequence. The detailed SAR study based on this peptide afforded the structural requirements for effective inhibition. The subsequent computer simulation proposed the docking mode at the activin type I receptor binding site of myostatin. The resulting development of potent inhibitors suggested the existence of a more appropriate binding mode linked to their β-sheet forming properties, suggesting that further investigations might be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Takayama
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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8
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Structural insights into the peptide selectivity and activation of human neuromedin U receptors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2045. [PMID: 35440625 PMCID: PMC9019041 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromedin U receptors (NMURs), including NMUR1 and NMUR2, are a group of Gq/11-coupled G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). NMUR1 and NMUR2 play distinct, pleiotropic physiological functions in peripheral tissues and in the central nervous system (CNS), respectively, according to their distinct tissue distributions. These receptors are stimulated by two endogenous neuropeptides, neuromedin U and S (NMU and NMS) with similar binding affinities. NMURs have gathered attention as potential drug targets for obesity and inflammatory disorders. Specifically, selective agonists for NMUR2 in peripheral tissue show promising long-term anti-obesity effects with fewer CNS-related side effects. However, the mechanisms of peptide binding specificity and receptor activation remain elusive. Here, we report four cryo-electron microscopy structures of Gq chimera-coupled NMUR1 and NMUR2 in complexes with NMU and NMS. These structures reveal the conserved overall peptide-binding mode and the mechanism of peptide selectivity for specific NMURs, as well as the common activation mechanism of the NMUR subfamily. Together, these findings provide insights into the molecular basis of the peptide recognition and offer an opportunity for the design of the selective drugs targeting NMURs. Neuromedin U receptors (NMURs) are potential drug targets for obesity and inflammatory disorders. Here, the authors report structural basis for neuromedin recognition and activation mechanism of NMURs.
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Ying F, Lin S, Li J, Zhang X, Chen G. Identification of monoamine oxidases inhibitory peptides from soybean protein hydrolysate through ultrafiltration purification and in silico studies. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hatakawa Y, Tanaka A, Furubayashi T, Nakamura R, Konishi M, Akizawa T, Sakane T. Direct Delivery of ANA-TA9, a Peptide Capable of Aβ Hydrolysis, to the Brain by Intranasal Administration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1673. [PMID: 34683967 PMCID: PMC8538057 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported Catalytides (Catalytic peptides) JAL-TA9 (YKGSGFRMI) and ANA-TA9 (SKGQAYRMI), which are the first Catalytides found to cleave Aβ42. Although the Catalytides must be delivered to the brain parenchyma to treat Alzheimer's disease, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits their entry into the brain from the systemic circulation. To avoid the BBB, the direct route from the nasal cavity to the brain was used in this study. The animal studies using rats and mice clarified that the plasma clearance of ANA-TA9 was more rapid than in vitro degradation in the plasma, whole blood, and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The brain concentrations of ANA-TA9 were higher after nasal administration than those after intraperitoneal administration, despite a much lower plasma concentration after nasal administration, suggesting the direct delivery of ANA-TA9 to the brain from the nasal cavity. Similar findings were observed for its transport to CSF after nasal and intravenous administration. The concentration of ANA-TA9 in the olfactory bulb reached the peak at 5 min, whereas those in the frontal and occipital brains was 30 min, suggesting the sequential backward translocation of ANA-TA9 in the brain. In conclusion, ANA-TA9 was efficiently delivered to the brain by nasal application, as compared to other routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hatakawa
- Laboratory of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan;
| | - Akiko Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-Machi 4-19-1 Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8558, Japan; (A.T.); (T.F.)
| | - Tomoyuki Furubayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-Machi 4-19-1 Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8558, Japan; (A.T.); (T.F.)
| | - Rina Nakamura
- O-Force Co., Ltd., 3454 Irino Kuroshio-Cho, Hata-Gun, Kochi 789-1931, Japan; (R.N.); (T.A.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Motomi Konishi
- Department of Integrative Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-Cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan;
| | - Toshifumi Akizawa
- O-Force Co., Ltd., 3454 Irino Kuroshio-Cho, Hata-Gun, Kochi 789-1931, Japan; (R.N.); (T.A.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-Machi 4-19-1 Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8558, Japan; (A.T.); (T.F.)
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Neuromedin U, a Key Molecule in Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084238. [PMID: 33921859 PMCID: PMC8074168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now a public health concern. The leading cause of obesity is an energy imbalance between ingested and expended calories. The mechanisms of feeding behavior and energy metabolism are regulated by a complex of various kinds of molecules, including anorexigenic and orexigenic neuropeptides. One of these neuropeptides, neuromedin U (NMU), was isolated in the 1980s, and its specific receptors, NMUR1 and NMUR2, were defined in 2000. A series of subsequent studies has revealed many of the physiological roles of the NMU system, including in feeding behavior, energy expenditure, stress responses, circadian rhythmicity, and inflammation. Particularly over the past decades, many reports have indicated that the NMU system plays an essential and direct role in regulating body weight, feeding behavior, energy metabolism, and insulin secretion, which are tightly linked to obesity pathophysiology. Furthermore, another ligand of NMU receptors, NMS (neuromedin S), was identified in 2005. NMS has physiological functions similar to those of NMU. This review summarizes recent observations of the NMU system in relation to the pathophysiology of obesity in both the central nervous systems and the peripheral tissues.
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Hatakawa Y, Nakamura R, Konishi M, Sakane T, Tanaka A, Matsuda A, Saito M, Akizawa T. Amyloid beta cleavage by ANA-TA9, a synthetic peptide from the ANA/BTG3 Box A region. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12146. [PMID: 33816760 PMCID: PMC8012241 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We recently discovered a short synthetic peptide derived from the ANA/BTG3 protein Box A region called ANA-TA9 (SKGQAYRMI), which possesses catalytic activity. Herein we demonstrated the proteolytic activity of ANA-TA9 against amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42). METHODS The proteolytic activity of ANA-TA9 against both the authentic soluble form Aβ42 (a-Aβ42) and the solid insoluble form Aβ42 (s-Aβ42) was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Plasma clearance, brain uptake, and cell viability were examined. RESULTS ANA-TA9 cleaved not only a-Aβ42 but also s-Aβ42. Proteolytic activity was partially inhibited by 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride, a serine protease inhibitor. Plasma clearance was very rapid, and the brain concentration indicated efficient brain delivery of ANA-TA9 via nasal application. Cell viability analysis indicated that ANA-TA9 did not display toxicity. DISCUSSION ANA-TA9 is an attractive potential candidate for the development of novel peptide drugs in Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hatakawa
- Pharmaceutical TechnologyKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityHigashinadaKobeJapan
| | - Rina Nakamura
- O‐Force Co., LtdHata‐gunKochiJapan
- Laboratory of PharmacologySchool of MedicineKohasuOko‐choKochi UniversityNankokuKochiJapan
| | - Motomi Konishi
- Department of Integrative Pharmaceutical ScienceFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesSetsunan UniversityHirakataOsakaJapan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Pharmaceutical TechnologyKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityHigashinadaKobeJapan
| | - Akiko Tanaka
- Pharmaceutical TechnologyKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityHigashinadaKobeJapan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Biochemical AnalysisFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesHiroshima International UniversityKureHiroshimaJapan
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Laboratory of PharmacologySchool of MedicineKohasuOko‐choKochi UniversityNankokuKochiJapan
| | - Toshifumi Akizawa
- O‐Force Co., LtdHata‐gunKochiJapan
- Laboratory of PharmacologySchool of MedicineKohasuOko‐choKochi UniversityNankokuKochiJapan
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13
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Brain and Nasal Cavity Anatomy of the Cynomolgus Monkey: Species Differences from the Viewpoint of Direct Delivery from the Nose to the Brain. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121227. [PMID: 33352847 PMCID: PMC7766477 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on structural data on the nasal cavity and brain of the cynomolgus monkey, species differences in the olfactory bulb and cribriform plate were discussed from the viewpoint of direct delivery from the nose to the brain. Structural 3D data on the cynomolgus monkey skull were obtained using X-ray computed tomography. The dimensions of the nasal cavity of the cynomolgus monkey were 5 mm width × 20 mm height × 60 mm depth. The nasal cavity was very narrow and the olfactory region was far from the nostrils, similar to rats and humans. The weight and size of the monkey brain were 70 g and 55 mm width × 40 mm height × 70 mm depth. The olfactory bulb of monkeys is plate-like, while that of humans and rats is bulbar, suggesting that the olfactory area connected with the brain of monkeys is narrow. Although the structure of the monkey nasal cavity is similar to that of humans, the size and shape of the olfactory bulb are different, which is likely to result in low estimation of direct delivery from the nose to the brain in monkeys.
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14
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Takayama K, Mori K, Tanaka A, Sasaki Y, Sohma Y, Taguchi A, Taniguchi A, Sakane T, Yamamoto A, Miyazato M, Minamino N, Kangawa K, Hayashi Y. A chemically stable peptide agonist to neuromedin U receptor type 2. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115454. [PMID: 32247748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuromedin U (NMU) is a peptide with appetite suppressive activity and other physiological activities via activation of the NMU receptors NMUR1 and NMUR2. In 2014, we reported the first NMUR2 selective agonist, 3-cyclohexylpropionyl-Leu-Leu-Dap-Pro-Arg-Asn-NH2 (CPN-116). However, we found that CPN-116 in phosphate buffer is unstable because of Nα-to-Nβ acyl migration at the Dap residue. In this study, the chemical stability of CPN-116 was evaluated under various conditions, and it was found to be relatively stable in buffers such as HEPES and MES. We also performed a structure-activity relationship study to obtain an NMUR2-selective agonist with improved chemical stability. Consequently, CPN-219 bearing a Dab residue in place of Dap emerged as a next-generation hexapeptidic NMUR2 agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Takayama
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasaginakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Kenji Mori
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yu Sasaki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuko Sohma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Akihiro Taguchi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Taniguchi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8558, Japan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasaginakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Mikiya Miyazato
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Naoto Minamino
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Kenji Kangawa
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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