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Krysztofik A, Pula P, Pochylski M, Zaleski K, Gapinski J, Majewski P, Graczykowski B. Fast Photoactuation and Environmental Response of Humidity-Sensitive pDAP-Silicon Nanocantilevers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403114. [PMID: 38781555 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Multi-responsive nanomembranes are a new class of advanced materials that can be harnessed in complex architectures for micro and nano-manipulators, artificial muscles, energy harvesting, soft robotics, and sensors. The design and fabrication of responsive membranes must meet such challenges as trade-offs between responsiveness and mechanical durability, volumetric low-cost production ensuring low environmental impact, and compatibility with standard technologies or biological systems This work demonstrates the fabrication of multi-responsive, mechanically robust poly(1,3-diaminopropane) (pDAP) nanomembranes and their application in fast photoactuators. The pDAP films are developed using a plasma-assisted polymerization technique that offers large-scale production and versatility of potential industrial relevance. The pDAP layers exhibit high elasticity with the Young's modulus of ≈7 GPa and remarkable mechanical durability across 20-80 °C temperatures. Notably, pDAP membranes reveal immediate and reversible contraction triggered by light, rising temperature, or reducing relative humidity underpinned by a reversible water sorption mechanism. These features enable the fabrication of photoactuators composed of pDAP-coated Si nanocantilevers, demonstrating ms timescale response to light, tens of µm deflections, and robust performance up to kHz frequencies. These results advance fundamental research on multi-responsive nanomembranes and hold the potential to boost versatile applications in light-to-motion conversion and sensing toward the industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Krysztofik
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Pula
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteur 1, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Mikolaj Pochylski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Karol Zaleski
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - Jacek Gapinski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Pawel Majewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteur 1, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Zhan L, Chen S, Xin Y, Lv J, Fu H, Gao D, Jiang F, Zhou X, Wang N, Lee PS. Dual-Responsive MXene-Functionalized Wool Yarn Artificial Muscles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402196. [PMID: 38650164 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Fiber-based artificial muscles are promising for smart textiles capable of sensing, interacting, and adapting to environmental stimuli. However, the application of current artificial muscle-based textiles in wearable and engineering fields has largely remained a constraint due to the limited deformation, restrictive stimulation, and uncomfortable. Here, dual-responsive yarn muscles with high contractile actuation force are fabricated by incorporating a very small fraction (<1 wt.%) of Ti3C2Tx MXene/cellulose nanofibers (CNF) composites into self-plied and twisted wool yarns. They can lift and lower a load exceeding 3400 times their own weight when stimulated by moisture and photothermal. Furthermore, the yarn muscles are coiled homochirally or heterochirally to produce spring-like muscles, which generated over 550% elongation or 83% contraction under the photothermal stimulation. The actuation mechanism, involving photothermal/moisture-mechanical energy conversion, is clarified by a combination of experiments and finite element simulations. Specifically, MXene/CNF composites serve as both photothermal and hygroscopic agents to accelerate water evaporation under near-infrared (NIR) light and moisture absorption from ambient air. Due to their low-cost facile fabrication, large scalable dimensions, and robust strength coupled with dual responsiveness, these soft actuators are attractive for intelligent textiles and devices such as self-adaptive textiles, soft robotics, and wearable information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxiang Zhan
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Engineering Research Center of Technical Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shaohua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yangyang Xin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jian Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hongbo Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dace Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xinran Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ni Wang
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Engineering Research Center of Technical Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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3
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Li X, Guo W, Hsu PC. Personal Thermoregulation by Moisture-Engineered Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2209825. [PMID: 36751106 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Personal thermal management can effectively manage the skin microenvironment, improve human comfort, and reduce energy consumption. In personal thermal-management technology, owing to the high latent heat of water evaporation in wet-response textiles, heat- and moisture-transfer coexist and interact with each other. In the last few years, with rapid advances in materials science and innovative polymers, humidity-sensitive textiles have been developed for personal thermal management. However, a large gap exists between the conceptual laboratory-scale design and actual textile. Here, moisture-responsive textiles based on flap opening and closing, those based on yarn/fiber deformation, and sweat-evaporation regulation based on textile design for personal thermoregulation are reviewed, and the corresponding mechanisms and research progress are discussed. Finally, the existing engineering and scientific limitations and future developments are considered to resolve the existing issues and accelerate the practical application of moisture-responsive textiles and related technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Po-Chun Hsu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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4
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Zhu Y, Ghrayeb A, Yu J, Yang Y, Filipov ET, Oldham KR. Mixed-Transducer Micro-Origami for Efficient Motion and Decoupled Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400059. [PMID: 38429240 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
This work introduces a mixed-transducer micro-origami to achieve efficient vibration, controllable motion, and decoupled sensing. Existing micro-origami systems tend to have only one type of transducer (actuator/sensor), which limits their versatility and functionality because any given transducer system has a narrow range of advantageous working conditions. However, it is possible to harness the benefit of different micro-transducer systems to enhance the performance of functional micro-origami. More specifically, this work introduces a micro-origami system that can integrate the advantages of three transducer systems: strained morph (SM) systems, polymer based electro-thermal (ET) systems, and thin-film lead zirconate titanate (PZT) systems. A versatile photolithography fabrication process is introduced to build this mixed-transducer micro-origami system, and their performance is investigated through experiments and simulation models. This work shows that mixed-transducer micro-origami can achieve power efficient vibration with high frequency, large vibration ranges, and little degradation; can produce decoupled folding motion with good controllability; and can accomplish simultaneous sensing and actuation to detect and interact with external environments and small-scale samples. The superior performance of mixed-transducer micro-origami systems makes them promising tools for micro-manipulation, micro-assembly, biomedical probes, self-sensing metamaterials, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anan Ghrayeb
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Joonyoung Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yiwei Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Evgueni T Filipov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kenn R Oldham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Xue E, Liu L, Wu W, Wang B. Soft Fiber/Textile Actuators: From Design Strategies to Diverse Applications. ACS NANO 2024; 18:89-118. [PMID: 38146868 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Fiber/textile-based actuators have garnered considerable attention due to their distinctive attributes, encompassing higher degrees of freedom, intriguing deformations, and enhanced adaptability to complex structures. Recent studies highlight the development of advanced fibers and textiles, expanding the application scope of fiber/textile-based actuators across diverse emerging fields. Unlike sheet-like soft actuators, fibers/textiles with intricate structures exhibit versatile movements, such as contraction, coiling, bending, and folding, achieved through adjustable strain and stroke. In this review article, we provide a timely and comprehensive overview of fiber/textile actuators, including structures, fabrication methods, actuation principles, and applications. After discussing the hierarchical structure and deformation of the fiber/textile actuator, we discuss various spinning strategies, detailing the merits and drawbacks of each. Next, we present the actuation principles of fiber/fabric actuators, along with common external stimuli. In addition, we provide a summary of the emerging applications of fiber/textile actuators. Concluding with an assessment of existing challenges and future opportunities, this review aims to provide a valuable perspective on the enticing realm of fiber/textile-based actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enbo Xue
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, P. R. China
| | - Limei Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Binghao Wang
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, P. R. China
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6
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Liu Y, Tang Y, Guo X, Qu L, Liu Y, Zhang X, Huang T, Xu L, Liu H, Tian M. Template-Free and Stretchable Conductive Fiber with a Built-In Helical Structure for Strain-Insensitive Signal Transmission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46379-46387. [PMID: 37738229 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of intelligent electronic devices, conductive fibers have become very critical to signal transmission devices. However, metal-based rigid conductive wires, such as high-modulus copper and silver wires, are prone to signal failure owing to tensile breakage under large strain conditions. Therefore, strain-insensitive stretchable conductive fibers for signal transmission are critical for next-generation wearable devices. Herein, a stretchable conductive fiber with a built-in helical structure is constructed by a "speed discrepancy" fiber-coating strategy with mass scalable production (60 cm/min). Such a "speed discrepancy" strategy is the key mechanism to template-free fabricate a built-in helical structure of the stretchable conductive fiber. The resultant fiber exhibits high conductivity (873 S/cm), stable insensitive signal transmission with a high quality factor (47.4), and a low relative resistance change (∼6%) under large strain. The built-in helical structure inspired by loofah whiskers endows the fiber with excellent strain insensitivity, and it can withstand large strains. On the proof of concept, our fiber can be seamlessly knitted, woven, and braided into smart textiles as an ideal signal transmission device under large strains, which will undoubtedly promote the development of intelligent electronic textiles and next-generation wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Yalin Tang
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Qu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Qingdao Etrip Smart Home Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xuming Zhang
- Qingdao Hailiya Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- Qingdao Hailiya Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Lianlong Xu
- Qingdao Hailiya Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Mingwei Tian
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
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7
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Gu W, Zhou P, Zhang W, Luo Z, Chen L. Pencil-Drawn Generator Built-in Actuator for Integrated Self-Powered/Visual Dual-Mode Sensing Functions and Rewritable Display. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206467. [PMID: 36627147 PMCID: PMC9982543 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctionality is important to the development of next-generation actuators and intelligent robots. However, current multi-functional actuating systems are achieved based on the integration of diverse functional units with complex design, especially lacking in multi-mode sensing and displaying functions. Herein, a light-driven actuator integrated with self-powered/visual dual-mode sensing functions and rewritable display function is proposed. The actuator demonstrates a bending curvature of 0.93 cm-1 under near-infrared light irradiation. Meanwhile, by embedding a pencil-drawn graphite generator and thermochromic materials, the actuator also provides two independent sensing functions. First, owing to the photo-thermoelectric effect of graphite, the actuator spontaneously outputs a self-powered voltage (Seebeck coefficient: 23 µV K-1 ), which can reflect the deformation trend of actuator. Second, color changes occur on the actuator during deformation, which provide a visual sensing due to the thermochromic property. Furthermore, the actuator can be utilized as a rewritable display, owing to the integrated color-memorizing component. Intelligent robots, switches, and smart homes are further demonstrated as applications. All of them can spontaneously provide self-powered and visual sensing signals to demonstrate the working states of actuating systems, accompanied by rewritable displays on the actuators. This study will open a new direction for self-powered devices, multi-functional actuators, and intelligent robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansong Gu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy MaterialsCollege of Physics and EnergyFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou350117P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High‐Field Superconducting Materials and EngineeringFuzhou350117P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy StorageFuzhou350117P. R. China
| | - Peidi Zhou
- Institute of Smart Marine and EngineeringFujian University of TechnologyFuzhou350108P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy MaterialsCollege of Physics and EnergyFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou350117P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High‐Field Superconducting Materials and EngineeringFuzhou350117P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy StorageFuzhou350117P. R. China
| | - Zhiling Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy MaterialsCollege of Physics and EnergyFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou350117P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High‐Field Superconducting Materials and EngineeringFuzhou350117P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy StorageFuzhou350117P. R. China
| | - Luzhuo Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy MaterialsCollege of Physics and EnergyFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou350117P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High‐Field Superconducting Materials and EngineeringFuzhou350117P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy StorageFuzhou350117P. R. China
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8
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Sun J, Guo J, Qian Y, Guan F, Zhang Y, He J, Feng S. Humidity-Responsive Guar Gum Fibers by Wet Spinning. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15327-15339. [PMID: 36441520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, guar gum fibers were obtained by wet spinning, in which epichlorohydrin (ECH) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) were used as the cross-linking agent and metal complexing agent, respectively. The fibers' chemical structure, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal and mechanical properties were analyzed by Fourier infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and so forth. The results showed that ECH reacted with guar gum and formed ether bonds. Meanwhile, ECH can effectively increase the number of cross-linking points and improve the mechanical properties of the fibers. When the ECH content was 12% (w/w), the breaking strength could reach 2.4 cN/dtex. The conductivity of MC-GG fibers varied with the relative humidity and could reach 2.845 × 10-2 S/cm at maximum. Meanwhile, the contact angle of MC-GG fibers was 33°, indicating that the fibers had good hydrophilicity and humidity response ability and had excellent potential in the field of smart fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Sun
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian116034, China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian116034, China
- Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center of Function Fiber and Its Composites, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian116034, China
| | - Yongfang Qian
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian116034, China
- Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center of Function Fiber and Its Composites, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian116034, China
| | - Fucheng Guan
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian116034, China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian116034, China
| | - Jiahao He
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian116034, China
| | - Shi Feng
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian116034, China
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9
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Ying L, Zhao H, Li C, Yang H, Hu C, Wang Z. Surface Reconstruction and Low-Temperature Dyeing Performances of a Poly(Lactic Acid) Filament Pretreated with a Choline Chloride and Oxalic Acid Deep Eutectic Solvent. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ying
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fabric, School of Textiles and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Hongtao Zhao
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Changlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fabric, School of Textiles and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Haiwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fabric, School of Textiles and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Chenggong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fabric, School of Textiles and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Zongqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fabric, School of Textiles and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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10
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Wang Y, Su G, Li J, Guo Q, Miao Y, Zhang X. Robust, Healable, Self-Locomotive Integrated Robots Enabled by Noncovalent Assembled Gradient Nanostructure. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5409-5419. [PMID: 35730755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Integration, being lightweight, and intelligence are important orientations for the future advancement of soft robots. However, existing soft robots are generally hydrogels or silicone rubber, which are inherently mechanically inferior and easily damaged and difficult to integrate functions. Here, inspired by nacre, an elastomer actuator with sulfonated graphene-based gradient nanostructures is constructed via supramolecular multiscale assembly. The resulting nanocomposite possesses an ultrahigh toughness of 141.19 MJ/m3 and high room-temperature self-healing efficiency (89%). The proof-of-concept robot is demonstrated to emphasize its maximum swimming speed of 2.67 body length per second, whose speed is comparable to that of plankton, representing the outperformance of most artificial soft robots. Furthermore, the robot can stably absorb pollutants and recover its robustness and functionality even when damaged. This study breaks the mutual exclusivity of functional execution and fast locomotions, and we anticipate that our nanostructural design will offer an effective extended path to other integrated robots that required multifunction integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gehong Su
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Jin Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and its Engineering Applications, School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Quanquan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Yinggang Miao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and its Engineering Applications, School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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11
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Lang C, Lloyd EC, Matuszewski KE, Xu Y, Ganesan V, Huang R, Kumar M, Hickey RJ. Nanostructured block copolymer muscles. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:752-758. [PMID: 35654867 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-performance actuating materials are necessary for advances in robotics, prosthetics and smart clothing. Here we report a class of fibre actuators that combine solution-phase block copolymer self-assembly and strain-programmed crystallization. The actuators consist of highly aligned nanoscale structures with alternating crystalline and amorphous domains, resembling the ordered and striated pattern of mammalian skeletal muscle. The reported nanostructured block copolymer muscles excel in several aspects compared with current actuators, including efficiency (75.5%), actuation strain (80%) and mechanical properties (for example, strain-at-break of up to 900% and toughness of up to 121.2 MJ m-3). The fibres exhibit on/off rotary actuation with a peak rotational speed of 450 r.p.m. Furthermore, the reported fibres demonstrate multi-trigger actuation (heat and hydration), offering switchable mechanical properties and various operating modes. The versatility and recyclability of the polymer fibres, combined with the facile fabrication method, opens new avenues for creating multifunctional and recyclable actuators using block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Elisabeth C Lloyd
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kelly E Matuszewski
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yifan Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Manish Kumar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Robert J Hickey
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Yu L, Xu L, Lu L, Alhalili Z, Zhou X. Thermal Properties of MXenes and Relevant Applications. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200203. [PMID: 35674280 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The properties and applications of MXenes (a family of layered transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides) have aroused enormous research interests for a decade since the successful synthesis of few-layer transition metal carbides in 2011. Though MXenes, as the building blocks, have already been applied in various fields (such as wearable electronics) owing to the distinctive optical, mechanical and electrical properties, their thermal stability and intrinsic thermal properties were less thoroughly investigated compared to other characteristics in early reports. The pioneering theoretical prediction of the thermoelectric nature of MXenes was performed in 2013 while the first experiment-based report concerning the degradation behavior of the 2D structure at elevated temperatures in a controlled atmosphere was published in 2015, followed by numerous discoveries regarding the thermal properties of MXenes. Herein, after a brief description of the synthesis, this Review summarized the latest insights into the thermal stability and thermophysical properties of MXenes, and further associated these unique properties with relevant applications by multiple examples. Finally, current hurdles and challenges in this field were provided along with some advices on potential research directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- LePing Yu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214153, People's Republic of China
| | - Lyu Xu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214153, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214153, People's Republic of China
| | - Zahrah Alhalili
- College of Sciences and Arts, Shaqra University, Sajir, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - XiaoHong Zhou
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214153, People's Republic of China
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13
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Wu H, Xie Y, Ma Y, Zhang B, Xia B, Zhang P, Qian W, He D, Zhang X, Li BW, Nan CW. Aqueous MXene/Xanthan Gum Hybrid Inks for Screen-Printing Electromagnetic Shielding, Joule Heater, and Piezoresistive Sensor. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107087. [PMID: 35274448 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MXenes have exhibited potential for application in flexible devices owing to their remarkable electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. Printing strategies have emerged as a facile route for additive manufacturing of MXene-based devices, which relies on the rational design of functional inks with appropriate rheological properties. Herein, aqueous MXene/xanthan gum hybrid inks with tunable viscosity, excellent printability, and long-term stability are designed. Screen-printed flexible MXene films using such hybrid inks exhibit a high conductivity up to 4.8 × 104 S m-1 , which is suitable to construct multifunctional devices mainly including electromagnetic shielding, Joule heaters, and piezoresistive sensors. The average electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding value can reach to 40.1 dB. In the Joule heater, the heating rate of printed MXene film can reach 20 °C s-1 under a driving voltage of 4 V, with a highest steady-state temperature of 130.8 °C. An MXene-based piezoresistive sensor prepared by the printing interdigital electrode also presents good sensing performance with a short response time of 130 ms and wide pressure region up to 30 kPa. As a result, screen-printed MXene film exhibits reinforced multifunctional performance, which is promising for application in the next-generation of intelligent and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yimei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xia
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Pengxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qian
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Daping He
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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