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Berdonces-Layunta A, Matěj A, Jiménez-Martín A, Lawrence J, Mohammed MSG, Wang T, Mallada B, de la Torre B, Martínez A, Vilas-Varela M, Nieman R, Lischka H, Nachtigallová D, Peña D, Jelínek P, de Oteyza DG. The effect of water on gold supported chiral graphene nanoribbons: rupture of conjugation by an alternating hydrogenation pattern. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:734-741. [PMID: 38086686 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02933f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
In the last few years we have observed a breakpoint in the development of graphene-derived technologies, such as liquid phase filtering and their application to electronics. In most of these cases, they imply exposure of the material to solvents and ambient moisture, either in the fabrication of the material or the final device. The present study demonstrates the sensitivity of graphene nanoribbon (GNR) zigzag edges to water, even in extremely low concentrations. We have addressed the unique reactivity of (3,1)-chiral GNR with moisture on Au(111). Water shows a reductive behaviour, hydrogenating the central carbon of the zigzag segments. By combining scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) with simulations, we demonstrate how their reactivity reaches a thermodynamic limit when half of the unit cells are reduced, resulting in an alternating pattern of hydrogenated and pristine unit cells starting from the terminal segments. Once a quasi-perfect alternation is reached, the reaction stops regardless of the water concentration. The hydrogenated segments limit the electronic conjugation of the GNR, but the reduction can be reversed both by tip manipulation and annealing. Selective tip-induced dehydrogenation allowed the stabilization of radical states at the edges of the ribbons, while the annealing of the sample completely recovered the original, pristine GNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Berdonces-Layunta
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacky University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Jiménez-Martín
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacky University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, Prague 1 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - James Lawrence
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Mohammed S G Mohammed
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Tao Wang
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Benjamin Mallada
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacky University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacky University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Adrián Martínez
- Centro Singular de Investigacion en Quimica Bioloxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), and Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigacion en Quimica Bioloxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), and Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Reed Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Hans Lischka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba 70800, Czech Republic
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigacion en Quimica Bioloxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), and Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacky University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-PA, 33940 El Entrego, Spain.
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Pan H, Wang J, Chen Z, Su Z, Tang Z, Ma Z. Solution-Processed ZnO with Conductivity over 1000 S cm -1 for ITO-Free Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39677-39688. [PMID: 37572058 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing transparent conductors to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) is a critical objective in the field of organic optoelectronics. Non-atomically doped (NAD) ZnO thin films, while currently exhibiting limited conductivity, are highly promising candidates due to their unique advantages, such as having complete transparency in both the visible and near-infrared spectral regions, solution processability, and the desired surface electronic properties. In this work, the impact of surface modification by insulating polymers on the ultraviolet-enhanced conductivity of NAD-ZnO films is investigated. It was found that polymer modifiers that are rich in amino and hydroxyl groups are effective at increasing the concentration of oxygen vacancies and the conductivity of NAD-ZnO films. The highest conductivity of over 1000 S cm-1, which is more than twice as high as the previous record for NAD-ZnO films, is achieved using polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) to modify NAD-ZnO films. Subsequently, the replacement of ITO in organic photovoltaic devices by a ZnO/PEIE electrode is realized. The ZnO/PEIE-based OPV devices that were created exhibit performances comparable to those of ITO-based devices under simulated solar illumination and performances better than those achieved with ITO-based devices under simulated indoor illumination. These results make NAD-ZnO a promising candidate for the widespread replacement of ITO in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Su
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
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Yi Z, Lin L, Luo X, Ning Y, Fu Q. Oxide-Metal Interaction Probed by Scanning Tunneling Microscope Manipulation of Cr 2O 7 Clusters on Au(111). J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2163-2170. [PMID: 36808987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial interaction plays a crucial rule in catalysis over supported catalysts, and the catalyst-support interaction needs to be explored at microscopic scale. Here, we use the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip to manipulate Cr2O7 dinuclear clusters on Au(111) and find that the Cr2O7-Au interaction can be weakened by an electric field in the STM junction, facilitating rotation and translation of the individual clusters at the imaging temperature (78 K). Surface alloying with Cu makes the manipulation of the Cr2O7 clusters hard due to the enhanced Cr2O7-substrate interaction. Density functional theory calculations reveal that barrier for translation of a Cr2O7 cluster on the surface can be increased by surface alloying, influencing the tip manipulation. Our study demonstrates that the oxide-metal interfacial interaction can be probed by STM tip manipulation of supported oxide clusters, which provides a new method to investigate the interfacial interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Le Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xuda Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanxiao Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Sun Y, Shi H, Yuan H, Li Z, Zhang J, Zhou D, Li Z, Shao X. Unveiling the Atomic Structure and Growth Dynamics of One-Dimensional Water on ZnO(10-10). J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1554-1562. [PMID: 35137584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption and organization state of water on the metal oxide surface is of critical importance for wide fields where interface chemistry dominates. On the technically important ZnO(10-10) surface, we found water assembles into an one-dimensional (1D) chain structure at submonolayer coverage instead of the well-known half-dissociated two-dimensional (2D) island. With a combination of high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we clearly distinguished the single and double water chains, which are composed of dissociated monomers and half-dissociated dimers, respectively. Moreover, we unambiguously determined that single water molecules dissociate spontaneously before agglomerating into ordered phase, which is contrary to the proposition of previous studies. These results have deepened our understandings of the adsorbed water species on the ZnO surface, which may bring new insights into the mechanisms of water-stimulated surface reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuniu Sun
- Department of Chemical Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Chemical Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- HFNL, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Chemical Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiefu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Department of Chemical Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- HFNL, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiang Shao
- Department of Chemical Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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