Bioinspired Screening of Anti-Adhesion Peptides against Blood Proteins for Intravenous Delivery of Nanomaterials

Debugging the dynamics of protein corona: Formation, composition, challenges, and applications at the nano-bio interface

The intricate interplay between nanomaterials and the biological molecules has garnered considerable interest in understanding the dynamics of protein corona formation at the nano-bio interface. This review provides an in-depth exploration of protein-nanoparticle interactions, elucidating their structural dynamics and thermodynamics at the nano-Bio interface and further on emphasizing its formation, composition, challenges, and applications in the biomedical and nanotechnological domains, such as drug delivery, theranostics, and the translational medicine. We delve the nuanced mechanisms governing protein corona formation on nanoparticle surfaces, highlighting the influence of nanoparticle and biological factors, and review the impact of corona formation on the biological identity and functionality of nanoparticles. Notably, emerging applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning have begun to revolutionize this field, enabling accurate prediction of corona composition and related biological outcomes. These tools not only enhance efficiency over traditional experimental methods but also help decode complex protein-nanoparticle interaction patterns, offering new insights into corona-driven cellular responses and disease diagnostics. Additionally, it discusses recent advancements in the field of protein corona, particularly in translational nanomedicine and associated applications entailing current and future strategies which are aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of protein-nanoparticle interactions at the biological interface, for tailoring the protein coronas by engineering of the nanomaterials. This comprehensive assessment from chemical, technological, and biological aspects serves as a guiding beacon for the development of future nanomedicine, enabling the more effective emulation of the biological milieu and the design of protein-NP systems for enhanced biomedical applications.

An updated overview of some factors that influence the biological effects of nanoparticles

Nanoparticles (NPs) can be extremely effective in the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer due to their properties. The nanotechnology industry is developing rapidly. The number of multifunctional NPs has increased in the market and hundreds of NPs are in various stages of preclinical and clinical development. Thus, the mechanism underlying the effects of NPs on biological systems has received much attention. After NPs enter the body, they interact with plasma proteins, tumour cell receptors, and small biological molecules. This interaction is closely related to the size, shape, chemical composition and surface modification properties of NPs. In this review, the effects of the size, shape, chemical composition and surface modification of NPs on the biological effects of NPs were summarised, including the mechanism through which NPs enter cells, the resulting oxidative stress response, and the interaction with proteins. This review of the biological effects of NPs can not only provide theoretical support for the preparation of safer and more efficient NPs but also lay the foundation for their clinical application.