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Ma C, Yang J, Li P, Rugeramigabo EP, Zopf M, Ding F. Circular photonic crystal grating design for charge-tunable quantum light sources in the telecom C-band. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:14789-14800. [PMID: 38859415 DOI: 10.1364/oe.517758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Efficient generation of entangled photon pairs at telecom wavelengths is a key ingredient for long-range quantum networks. While embedding semiconductor quantum dots into hybrid circular Bragg gratings has proven effective, it conflicts with p-i-n diode heterostructures which offer superior coherence. We propose and analyze hybrid circular photonic crystal gratings, incorporating air holes to facilitate charge carrier transport without compromising optical properties. Through numerical simulations, a broad cavity mode with a Purcell factor of 23 enhancing both exciton and biexciton transitions, and exceptional collection efficiency of 92.4% into an objective with numerical aperture of 0.7 are achieved. Furthermore, our design demonstrates direct coupling efficiency over 90.5% into a single-mode fiber over the entire telecom C-band. The hybrid circular photonic crystal grating thereby emerges as a promising solution for the efficient generation of highly coherent, polarization-entangled photon pairs.
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Krieger TM, Weidinger C, Oberleitner T, Undeutsch G, Rota MB, Tajik N, Aigner M, Buchinger Q, Schimpf C, Garcia AJ, Covre da Silva SF, Höfling S, Huber-Loyola T, Trotta R, Rastelli A. Postfabrication Tuning of Circular Bragg Resonators for Enhanced Emitter-Cavity Coupling. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:596-603. [PMID: 38405396 PMCID: PMC10885778 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state quantum emitters embedded in circular Bragg resonators are attractive due to their ability to emit quantum light with high brightness and low multiphoton probability. As for any emitter-microcavity system, fabrication imperfections limit the spatial and spectral overlap of the emitter with the cavity mode, thus limiting their coupling strength. Here, we show that an initial spectral mismatch can be corrected after device fabrication by repeated wet chemical etching steps. We demonstrate an ∼16 nm wavelength tuning for optical modes in AlGaAs resonators on oxide, leading to a 4-fold Purcell enhancement of the emission of single embedded GaAs quantum dots. Numerical calculations reproduce the observations and suggest that the achievable performance of the resonator is only marginally affected in the explored tuning range. We expect the method to be applicable also to circular Bragg resonators based on other material platforms, thus increasing the device yield of cavity-enhanced solid-state quantum emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M. Krieger
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Christian Weidinger
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Oberleitner
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Gabriel Undeutsch
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Michele B. Rota
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Naser Tajik
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Maximilian Aigner
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Quirin Buchinger
- Lehrstuhl
für Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schimpf
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Ailton J. Garcia
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Saimon F. Covre da Silva
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Sven Höfling
- Lehrstuhl
für Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Huber-Loyola
- Lehrstuhl
für Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rinaldo Trotta
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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Mehdi E, Gundín M, Millet C, Somaschi N, Lemaître A, Sagnes I, Le Gratiet L, Fioretto DA, Belabas N, Krebs O, Senellart P, Lanco L. Giant optical polarisation rotations induced by a single quantum dot spin. Nat Commun 2024; 15:598. [PMID: 38238312 PMCID: PMC10796934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In the framework of optical quantum computing and communications, a major objective consists in building receiving nodes implementing conditional operations on incoming photons, using a single stationary qubit. In particular, the quest for scalable nodes motivated the development of cavity-enhanced spin-photon interfaces with solid-state emitters. An important challenge remains, however, to produce a stable, controllable, spin-dependent photon state, in a deterministic way. Here we use an electrically-contacted pillar-based cavity, embedding a single InGaAs quantum dot, to demonstrate giant polarisation rotations induced on reflected photons by a single electron spin. A complete tomography approach is introduced to extrapolate the output polarisation Stokes vector, conditioned by a specific spin state, in presence of spin and charge fluctuations. We experimentally approach polarisation states conditionally rotated by [Formula: see text], π, and [Formula: see text] in the Poincaré sphere with extrapolated fidelities of (97 ± 1) %, (84 ± 7) %, and (90 ± 8) %, respectively. We find that an enhanced light-matter coupling, together with limited cavity birefringence and reduced spectral fluctuations, allow targeting most conditional rotations in the Poincaré sphere, with a control both in longitude and latitude. Such polarisation control may prove crucial to adapt spin-photon interfaces to various configurations and protocols for quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mehdi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - M Gundín
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - C Millet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - N Somaschi
- Quandela, 7 rue Leonard de Vinci, 91300, Massy, France
| | - A Lemaître
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - I Sagnes
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - L Le Gratiet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - D A Fioretto
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
- Quandela, 7 rue Leonard de Vinci, 91300, Massy, France
| | - N Belabas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - O Krebs
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - P Senellart
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - L Lanco
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005, Paris, France.
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DeCrescent RA, Wang Z, Imany P, Nam SW, Mirin RP, Silverman KL. Monolithic Polarizing Circular Dielectric Gratings on Bulk Substrates for Improved Photon Collection from InAs Quantum Dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED 2023; 20:10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.064013. [PMID: 38618629 PMCID: PMC11010648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevapplied.20.064013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
III-V semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are near-ideal and versatile single-photon sources. Because of the capacity for monolithic integration with photonic structures as well as optoelectronic and optomechanical systems, they are proving useful in an increasingly broad application space. Here, we develop monolithic circular dielectric gratings on bulk substrates - as opposed to suspended or wafer-bonded substrates - for greatly improved photon collection from InAs quantum dots. The structures utilize a unique two-tiered distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure for vertical electric field confinement over a broad angular range. Opposing "openings" in the cavities induce strongly polarized QD luminescence without harming collection efficiencies. We describe how measured enhancements depend on the choice of collection optics. This is important to consider when evaluating the performance of any photonic structure that concentrates farfield emission intensity. Our cavity designs are useful for integrating QDs with other quantum systems that require bulk substrates, such as surface acoustic wave phonons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. DeCrescent
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Zixuan Wang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Poolad Imany
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Sae Woo Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Richard P. Mirin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Kevin L. Silverman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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Rickert L, Betz F, Plock M, Burger S, Heindel T. High-performance designs for fiber-pigtailed quantum-light sources based on quantum dots in electrically-controlled circular Bragg gratings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:14750-14770. [PMID: 37157333 DOI: 10.1364/oe.486060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a numerical investigation of directly fiber-coupled hybrid circular Bragg gratings (CBGs) featuring electrical control for operation in the application relevant wavelength regimes around 930 nm as well as the telecom O- and C-band. We use a surrogate model combined with a Bayesian optimization approach to perform numerical optimization of the device performance which takes into account robustness with respect to fabrication tolerances. The proposed high-performance designs combine hybrid CBGs with a dielectric planarization and a transparent contact material, enabling > 86% direct fiber coupling efficiency (> 93% efficiency into NA 0.8) while exhibiting Purcell factors > 20. Especially the proposed designs for the telecom range prove robust and can sustain expected fiber efficiencies of more than (82.2±4.1)-5.5+2.2% and expected average Purcell factors of up to (23.2±2.3)-3.0+3.2 assuming conservative fabrication accuracies. The wavelength of maximum Purcell enhancement proves to be the most affected performance parameter by the deviations. Finally, we show that electrical field strengths suitable for Stark-tuning of an embedded quantum dot can be reached in the identified designs. Our work provides blueprints for high-performance quantum light sources based on fiber-pigtailed and electrically-controlled quantum dot CBG devices for quantum information applications.
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