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Hudson RJ, MacDonald TSC, Cole JH, Schmidt TW, Smith TA, McCamey DR. A framework for multiexcitonic logic. Nat Rev Chem 2024:10.1038/s41570-023-00566-y. [PMID: 38273177 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Exciton science sits at the intersection of chemical, optical and spin-based implementations of information processing, but using excitons to conduct logical operations remains relatively unexplored. Excitons encoding information could be read optically (photoexcitation-photoemission) or electrically (charge recombination-separation), travel through materials via exciton energy transfer, and interact with one another in stimuli-responsive molecular excitonic devices. Excitonic logic offers the potential to mediate electrical, optical and chemical information. Additionally, high-spin triplet and quintet (multi)excitons offer access to well defined spin states of relevance to magnetic field effects, classical spintronics and spin-based quantum information science. In this Roadmap, we propose a framework for developing excitonic computing based on singlet fission (SF) and triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA). Various molecular components capable of modulating SF/TTA for logical operations are suggested, including molecular photo-switching and multi-colour photoexcitation. We then outline a pathway for constructing excitonic logic devices, considering aspects of circuit assembly, logical operation synchronization, and exciton transport and amplification. Promising future directions and challenges are identified, and the potential for realizing excitonic computing in the near future is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan J Hudson
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
| | - Thomas S C MacDonald
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
- School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jared H Cole
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy W Schmidt
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Trevor A Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
| | - Dane R McCamey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, .
- School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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2
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Algar WR, Krause KD. Developing FRET Networks for Sensing. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2022; 15:17-36. [PMID: 35300526 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061020-014925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a widely used fluorescence-based sensing mechanism. To date, most implementations of FRET sensors have relied on a discrete donor-acceptor pair for detection of each analytical target. FRET networks are an emerging concept in which target recognition perturbs a set of interconnected FRET pathways between multiple emitters. Here, we review the energy transfer topologies and scaffold materials for FRET networks, propose a general nomenclature, and qualitatively summarize the dynamics of the competitive, sequential, homoFRET, and heteroFRET pathways that constitute FRET networks. Implementations of FRET networks for sensing are also described, including concentric FRET probes, other single-vector multiplexing, and logic gates and switches. Unresolved questions and future research directions for current systems are discussed, as are potential but currently unexplored applications of FRET networks in sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Katherine D Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
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3
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Kellis DL, Sarter C, Cannon BL, Davis PH, Graugnard E, Lee J, Pensack RD, Kolmar T, Jäschke A, Yurke B, Knowlton WB. An All-Optical Excitonic Switch Operated in the Liquid and Solid Phases. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2986-2994. [PMID: 30758934 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The excitonic circuitry found in photosynthetic organisms suggests an alternative to electronic circuits, but the assembly of optically active molecules to fabricate even simple excitonic devices has been hampered by the limited availability of suitable molecular scale assembly technologies. Here we have designed and operated a hybrid all-optical excitonic switch comprised of donor/acceptor chromophores and photochromic nucleotide modulators assembled with nanometer scale precision using DNA nanotechnology. The all-optical excitonic switch was operated successfully in both liquid and solid phases, exhibiting high ON/OFF switching contrast with no apparent cyclic fatigue through nearly 200 cycles. These findings, combined with the switch's small footprint and volume, estimated low energy requirement, and potential ability to switch at speeds in the 10s of picoseconds, establish a prospective pathway forward for all-optical excitonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Kellis
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - Christopher Sarter
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology , Heidelberg University , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Brittany L Cannon
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - Paul H Davis
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - Elton Graugnard
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - Theresa Kolmar
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology , Heidelberg University , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology , Heidelberg University , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - William B Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
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4
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Sawaya NPD, Rappoport D, Tabor DP, Aspuru-Guzik A. Excitonics: A Set of Gates for Molecular Exciton Processing and Signaling. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6410-6420. [PMID: 29920202 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Regulating energy transfer pathways through materials is a central goal of nanotechnology, as a greater degree of control is crucial for developing sensing, spectroscopy, microscopy, and computing applications. Such control necessitates a toolbox of actuation methods that can direct energy transfer based on user input. Here we introduce a proposal for a molecular exciton gate, analogous to a traditional transistor, for regulating exciton flow in chromophoric systems. The gate may be activated with an input of light or an input flow of excitons. Our proposal relies on excitation migration via the second excited singlet (S2) state of the gate molecule. It exhibits the following features, only a subset of which are present in previous exciton switching schemes: picosecond time scale actuation, amplification/gain behavior, and a lack of molecular rearrangement. We demonstrate that the device can be used to produce universal binary logic or amplification of an exciton current, providing an excitonic platform with several potential uses, including signal processing for microscopy and spectroscopy methods that implement tunable exciton flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas P D Sawaya
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
- Intel Laboratories , Santa Clara , California 95054 , United States
| | - Dmitrij Rappoport
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Daniel P Tabor
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
- Senior Fellow, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Bioinspired Solar Energy Program , Toronto , ON M5G 1Z8 , Canada
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Song Y, Zhang C, Liu W, Li X, Long H, Wang K, Wang B, Lu P. High-efficiency energy transfer in perovskite heterostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:18448-18456. [PMID: 30114024 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.018448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the energy transfer in (PEA)2PbI4/MAPbBr3 perovskite heterostructures. Under two-photon excitation, the photoluminescence (PL) emission of the (PEA)2PbI4 flake is nearly completely quenched, while that of the MAPbBr3 microplate is greatly increased (6.5 folds higher) in the heterostructure. The opposite variation character of the PL emissions is attributed to the radiative energy transfer from the (PEA)2PbI4 flake to the MAPbBr3 microplate. The radiative energy transfer occurs on an ultrafast timescale with a high efficiency (~100%). In addition, a strongly thickness- and wavelength-dependent interlayer interaction is observed under one-photon excitation. This work advocates great promise for revealing the interlayer interaction of perovskite heterostructures and developing high-performance optoelectronic devices.
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