1
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Huang Y, Lin F, Li F, Jin J, Guo Z, Tian D, Xie R, Chen X. Photoluminescence Enhancement in Silica-Confined Ligand-Free Perovskite Nanocrystals by Suppression of Silanol-Induced Traps and Phase Impurities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402520. [PMID: 38400810 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The detriments of intrinsic silanol groups in mesoporous silica to the photoluminescence (PL) of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP NCs) confined in the template have never been determined and clearly elucidated. Here, we disclose that silanol-induced Cs+ and Br- deficiencies prompt the generation of traps and CsPb2Br5 impurities. The temperature-dependent PL spectra verify the higher energetic barrier of trap states in CsPbBr3 NCs confined in silanol-rich mesoporous silica. Femtosecond transient absorption spectra reveal the trapped state mediates a broadband photoinduced absorption and long-lived decay pathway of CsPbBr3 NCs in silanol-rich templates. A remarkable improvement (up to 160-fold) in PL quantum yields is realized by simple silanol elimination. This work demonstrates the detrimental effects of silanol sites on the PL properties of LHP NCs impregnated in mesoporous silica and provides a new perspective for the ligand-free synthesis of high-quality LHP NCs in mesoporous templates by facile impregnation for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Current Address: College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Fangyuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Feiming Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Jinwen Jin
- Institute of Analytical Technology and Smart Instruments and College of Environment and Public Healthy, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Institute of Analytical Technology and Smart Instruments and College of Environment and Public Healthy, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Dongjie Tian
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Rongjun Xie
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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2
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Amara MR, Huo C, Voisin C, Xiong Q, Diederichs C. Impact of Bright-Dark Exciton Thermal Population Mixing on the Brightness of CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4265-4271. [PMID: 38557055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between bright and dark exciton states is crucial for deciphering the luminescence properties of low-dimensional materials. The origin of the outstanding brightness of lead halide perovskites remains elusive. Here, we analyze temperature-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence to investigate the population mixing between bright and dark exciton sublevels in individual CsPbBr3 nanocrystals in the intermediate confinement regime. We extract bright and dark exciton decay rates and show quantitatively that the decay dynamics can only be reproduced with second-order phonon transitions. Furthermore, we find that any exciton sublevel ordering is compatible with the most likely population transfer mechanism. The remarkable brightness of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals rather stems from a reduced asymmetry between bright-to-dark and dark-to-bright conversion originating from the peculiar second-order phonon-assisted transitions that freeze bright-dark conversion at low temperatures together with the very fast radiative recombination and favorable degeneracy of the bright exciton state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Raouf Amara
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Caixia Huo
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
- Institute of Materials/School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Technology, Shanghai University, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Christophe Voisin
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Carole Diederichs
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris, France
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3
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Lei Y, Zhang Y, Huo J, Ding F, Yan Y, Shen Y, Li X, Kang W, Yan Z. Stability Strategies and Applications of Iodide Perovskites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311880. [PMID: 38366127 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Iodide perovskites have demonstrated their unprecedented high efficiency and commercialization potential, and their superior optoelectronic properties, such as high absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, and narrow direct bandgap, have attracted much attention, especially in solar cells, photodetectors, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, whether it is organic iodide perovskite, organic-inorganic hybrid iodide perovskite or all-inorganic iodide perovskite the stability of these iodide perovskites is still poor and the contamination is high. In recent years, scholars have studied more iodide perovskites to improve their stability as well as optoelectronic properties from various angles. This paper systematically reviews the strategies (component engineering, additive engineering, dimensionality reduction engineering, and phase mixing engineering) used to improve the stability of iodide perovskites and their applications in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yaofang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Jiale Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Fei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Zirui Yan
- Tianjin Lishen Chaodian Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300392, P. R. China
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4
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Makhija U, Rajput PK, Parthiban P, Nag A. Effect of film morphology on circular dichroism of low-dimensional chiral hybrid perovskites. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:021102. [PMID: 38214390 DOI: 10.1063/5.0185850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chiral hybrid lead halide perovskites show interesting chiral optoelectronic properties. The extent of chirality is often estimated by their circular dichroism (CD) response. Here, we show that the CD data depend strongly on film morphology. Four of the six chiral hybrid lead halide films prepared, 2D (R- and S-MBA)2PbI4 and 1D (R- and S-MBA)PbI3 (MBA: methylbenzylammonium), form homogenous non-textured films and show an isotropic CD signal. In contrast, the other two samples, 1D (R- and S-MBA)PbBr3, form textured films, showing uncorrelated CD signals from different parts of the film. Therefore, the role of film morphology needs to be verified before designing and comparing the chiroptic and chiral optoelectronic properties of hybrid perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmila Makhija
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Parikshit Kumar Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Pavithra Parthiban
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Angshuman Nag
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
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Wang X, Wang C, Tao C, Kuang Z, Wang X, Xu L, Wei Y, Peng Q, Huang W, Wang J. Unraveling the Origin of Long-Lifetime Emission in Low-Dimensional Copper Halides via a Magneto-optical Study. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11860-11865. [PMID: 38085911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The origin of the long lifetime of self-trapped exciton emission in low-dimensional copper halides is currently the subject of extensive debate. In this study, we address this issue in a prototypical zero-dimensional copper halide, Cs2(C18)2Cu2I4-DMSO, through magneto-optical studies at low temperatures down to 0.2 K. Our results exclude spin-forbidden dark states and indirect phonon-assisted recombination as the origin of the long photoluminescence lifetime. Instead, we propose that the minimal Franck-Condon factor of the radiative transition from excited states to the ground state is the decisive factor, based on the transition probability analysis. Our findings offer insights into the electronic processes in low-dimensional copper halides and have the potential to advance the application of these distinctive materials in optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Cong Tao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Zhiyuan Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Yingqiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
- The 58th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group 217 Corporation, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Qiming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Jianpu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
- Changzhou University, 21 Middle Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
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6
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Kutkan S, Dhanabalan B, Lin ML, Tan PH, Schleusener A, Arciniegas MP, Krahne R. Impact of the organic cation on the band-edge emission of two-dimensional lead-bromide perovskites. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:12880-12888. [PMID: 37477377 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02172f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic low-dimensional layered metal-halide perovskites are semiconductors in which the optoelectronic properties can be tuned by the material composition and the design of the layered architecture. While the electronic band structure is mainly determined by the inorganic octahedra lattice, the binding and conformation of the organic cations induces related lattice distortions that can break the symmetry and lead to the splitting of the exciton energy levels, and influence the dielectric confinement. Furthermore, organic-induced lattice deformations lead to offsets in k-space (where k is the wavevector) that go along with the exciton energy level splitting. Hence, the electronic transitions between these levels require the momentum contribution of phonons, and contributions of phonons in the exciton recombination dynamics result in thermal broadening of the emission linewidth. In this work, we investigate the band-edge emission of two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper lead-bromide perovskites synthesized with different organic cations that vary in their binding head group and their alkyl chain length. We find several peaks in the low-temperature photoluminescence spectra, and the number of peaks in the band-edge emission and their decay dynamics depend strongly on the type of organic cation in the material, which we relate to the difference in the inorganic lattice distortions that the cations induce. For two-dimensional layered perovskites with mainly in-plane distortions, induced by short primary ammonium molecules, we find a two-fold splitting of the band edge emission at low temperatures. If also out-of-plane distortions are present, as for the long-chain primary ammoniums, a three-fold splitting is observed. Interestingly, the low-energy peaks of the split series merge into the highest energy peak with increasing temperature. Thermal broadening analysis of the temperature-dependent photoluminescence linewidth in the structures with out-of-plane distortions yields energies that are larger than those reported for the inorganic lattice phonons. This indicates the involvement of either high-frequency oscillations involving the organic cations, or the broadening might be related to higher order phonon scattering processes in the excitonic recombination process. The strong directionality of the phonon modes in the octahedral lattice could promote the involvement of multiple electron-phonon scattering processes in the exciton relaxation dynamics, for example involving modes with orthogonal directionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Kutkan
- Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Balaji Dhanabalan
- Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Miao-Ling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Ping-Heng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Roman Krahne
- Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
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7
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Shinde A, Rajput PK, Makhija U, Tanwar R, Mandal P, Nag A. Emissive Dark Excitons in Monoclinic Two-Dimensional Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:6985-6993. [PMID: 37487113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Typically, bright excitons (XB) emit light in two-dimensional (2D) layered hybrid perovskites. There are also dark excitons (XD), for which radiative recombination is spin-forbidden. Application of a magnetic field can somewhat relax the spin-rule, yielding XD emission. Can we obtain XD light emission in the absence of a magnetic field? Indeed, we observe unusually intense XD emission at ∼7 K for (Rac-MBA)2PbI4, (Rac-4-Br-MBA)2PbI4, and (R-4-Br-MBA)2PbI4 (Rac-MBA: racemic methylbenzylammonium), which crystallize in a lower symmetry monoclinic phase. For comparison, orthorhombic (R-MBA)2PbI4 does not exhibit XD emission. XD has a lower energy than XB, with energy difference ΔE. In monoclinic samples, ΔE ∼ 20 meV is large enough to suppress the thermal excitation of XD to XB, at temperatures <30 K. Consequently, XD recombines by emitting light with a long lifetime (∼205 ns). At higher temperatures, the emission switches to the spin-allowed XB (lifetime < 1 ns).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Shinde
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Parikshit Kumar Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Urmila Makhija
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Riteeka Tanwar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Pankaj Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Angshuman Nag
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
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8
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Weinberg D, Park Y, Limmer DT, Rabani E. Size-Dependent Lattice Symmetry Breaking Determines the Exciton Fine Structure of Perovskite Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37229762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The order of bright and dark excitonic states in lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals is debated. It has been proposed that the Rashba effect, driven by lattice-induced symmetry breaking, causes a bright excitonic ground state. Direct measurements of excitonic spectra, however, show the signatures of a dark ground state, bringing the role of the Rashba effect into question. We use an atomistic theory to model the exciton fine structure of perovskite nanocrystals, accounting for realistic lattice distortions. We calculate optical gaps and excitonic features that compare favorably with experimental works. The exciton fine structure splittings show a nonmonotonic size dependence due to a structural transition between cubic and orthorhombic phases. Additionally, the excitonic ground state is found to be dark with spin triplet character, exhibiting a small Rashba coupling. We additionally explore the effects of nanocrystal shape on the fine structure, clarifying observations on polydisperse nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weinberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yoonjae Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David T Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eran Rabani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center of Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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9
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Scalon L, Freitas FS, Marques FDC, Nogueira AF. Tiny spots to light the future: advances in synthesis, properties, and application of perovskite nanocrystals in solar cells. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:907-941. [PMID: 36629010 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perovskites are in the hotspot of material science and technology. Outstanding properties have been discovered, fundamental mechanisms of defect formation and degradation elucidated, and applications in a wide variety of optoelectronic devices demonstrated. Advances through adjusting the bulk-perovskite composition, as well as the integration of layered and nanostructured perovskites in the devices, allowed improvement in performance and stability. Recently, efforts have been devoted to investigating the effects of quantum confinement in perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) aiming to fabricate optoelectronic devices based solely on these nanoparticles. In general, the applications are focused on light-emitting diodes, especially because of the high color purity and high fluorescence quantum yield obtained in PNCs. Likewise, they present important characteristics featured for photovoltaic applications, highlighting the possibility of stabilizing photoactive phases that are unstable in their bulk analog, the fine control of the bandgap through size change, low defect density, and compatibility with large-scale deposition techniques. Despite the progress made in the last years towards the improvement in the performance and stability of PNCs-based solar cells, their efficiency is still much lower than that obtained with bulk perovskite, and discussions about upscaling of this technology are scarce. In light of this, we address in this review recent routes towards efficiency improvement and the up-scaling of PNC solar cells, emphasizing synthesis management and strategies for solar cell fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Scalon
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Flavio Santos Freitas
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 30421-169, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Flávia Nogueira
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
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10
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Qu G, Zhang X, Li S, Lu L, Gao J, Yu B, Wu S, Zhang Q, Hu Z. Liquid crystal random lasers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 25:48-63. [PMID: 36477742 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02859j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The enthusiasm for research on liquid crystal random lasers (LCRLs) is driven by their unusual optical properties and promising potential for broad applications in manufacturing, communications, medicine and entertainment. From this perspective, we will summarize the most attractive advances in the development of LCRLs in the last decade and propose future prospects. This article will begin with a fundamental description of LCRLs, including the principle of laser generation and a description of LC substances. Then, we spend several chapters on the lasing performance control methods of LCRLs, including random lasing wavelength, threshold, and polarization properties. In addition, we analyze how the LC chiral agent structures, LC core-shell structures and new light-amplifying materials affect the design of LCRL devices. In the last chapter, we discuss the application of LCRLs in 3D displays, information encryption, biochemical sensing and other optoelectronics devices and finally end the perspective with LCRLs' likely directions in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyin Qu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Siqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Liang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Jiangang Gao
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Benli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Si Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Qijin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Zhijia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
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11
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Huang Y, Su R, Wang Y, Zhu C, Feng J, Zhao J, Liu Z, Xiong Q. A Fano Cavity-Photon Interface for Directional Suppression of Spectral Diffusion of a Single Perovskite Nanoplatelet. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8274-8280. [PMID: 36197087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals that are capable of mass production with wet chemical synthesis have long been proposed as color-tunable, scalable quantum emitters for information processing and communication. However, they constantly suffer from spectral diffusion due to being exposed to a noisy electrostatic environment. Herein we demonstrate a cavity-photon interface (CPI) which effectively suppresses the temperature-activated spectral diffusion (SD) of a single perovskite nanoplatelet (NPL) up to 40 K. The spectrally stabilized single-photon emission is achieved at a specific emission direction corresponding to an inhibited dipole moment of the NPL as the result of the Fano coupling between the two photon dissipation channels of the NPL. Our results shed light on the nature of the SD of perovskite nanocrystals and offer a general cavity quantum electrodynamic scheme that controls the brightness and spectral dynamics of a single-photon emitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Huang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Yubin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing100084, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing100193, P.R. China
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12
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Wang S, Dyksik M, Lampe C, Gramlich M, Maude DK, Baranowski M, Urban AS, Plochocka P, Surrente A. Thickness-Dependent Dark-Bright Exciton Splitting and Phonon Bottleneck in CsPbBr 3-Based Nanoplatelets Revealed via Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7011-7019. [PMID: 36036573 PMCID: PMC9479212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The optimized exploitation of perovskite nanocrystals and nanoplatelets as highly efficient light sources requires a detailed understanding of the energy spacing within the exciton manifold. Dark exciton states are particularly relevant because they represent a channel that reduces radiative efficiency. Here, we apply large in-plane magnetic fields to brighten optically inactive states of CsPbBr3-based nanoplatelets for the first time. This approach allows us to access the dark states and directly determine the dark-bright splitting, which reaches 22 meV for the thinnest nanoplatelets. The splitting is significantly less for thicker nanoplatelets due to reduced exciton confinement. Additionally, the form of the magneto-PL spectrum suggests that dark and bright state populations are nonthermalized, which is indicative of a phonon bottleneck in the exciton relaxation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Wang
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228,
Université Grenoble Alpes, Université
Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 38042 Grenoble
and 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Mateusz Dyksik
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Carola Lampe
- Nanospectroscopy
Group and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München (LMU), Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Moritz Gramlich
- Nanospectroscopy
Group and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München (LMU), Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Duncan K. Maude
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228,
Université Grenoble Alpes, Université
Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 38042 Grenoble
and 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Michał Baranowski
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alexander S. Urban
- Nanospectroscopy
Group and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München (LMU), Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228,
Université Grenoble Alpes, Université
Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 38042 Grenoble
and 31400 Toulouse, France
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Surrente
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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13
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Kabra D. Origin of Contrasting Emission Spectrum of Bromide versus Iodide Layered Perovskite Semiconductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2737-2743. [PMID: 35312333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The origin of broadband emission is studied using temperature-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectra for two-dimensional (2D) layered halide perovskites (i.e., (PEA)2PbBr4 = phenylethylammonium lead bromide and (PEA)2PbI4 = phenylethylammonium lead iodide) semiconductors. Both perovskite systems show only a single peak exciton emission at room temperature, which becomes multipeak exciton emissions at low temperatures. For temperatures below 100 K, the (PEA)2PbBr4 film gives broad PL emission, Stokes shifted by 750 meV from narrow exciton emission peaks, whereas the (PEA)2PbI4 film does not show any broad emission. Kinetics of various peaks could provide useful insight to propose a consistent energy level scheme associated with a barrier (PEA) and well (PbX64-) material system's electronic states. This broad emission in (PEA)2PbBr4 perovskite is observed due to coupling of triplet states in the inorganic well (PbBr64-) and organic barrier (PEA) layer, which is in contrast to a proposed model based on self-trapped exciton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kabra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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14
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Qiao T, Liu X, Rossi D, Khurana M, Lin Y, Wen J, Cheon J, Akimov AV, Son DH. Magnetic Effect of Dopants on Bright and Dark Excitons in Strongly Confined Mn-Doped CsPbI 3 Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9543-9550. [PMID: 34762431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the magnetic effect of Mn2+ ions on an exciton of Mn-doped CsPbI3 quantum dots (QDs), where we looked for the signatures of an exciton magnetic polaron known to produce a large effective magnetic field in Mn-doped CdSe QDs. In contrast to Mn-doped CdSe QDs that can produce ∼100 T of magnetic field upon photoexcitation, manifested as a large change in the energy and relaxation dynamics of a bright exciton, Mn-doped CsPbI3 QDs exhibited little influence of a magnetic dopant on the behavior of a bright exciton. However, a μs-lived dark exciton in CsPbI3 QDs showed 40% faster decay in the presence of Mn2+, equivalent to the effect of ∼3 T of an external magnetic field. While further study is necessary to fully understand the origin of the large difference in the magneto-optic property of an exciton in two systems, we consider that the difference in antiferromagnetic coupling of the dopants is an important contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 777843, United States
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 777843, United States
| | - Daniel Rossi
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science and Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering, Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohit Khurana
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 777843, United States
| | - Yulin Lin
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science and Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering, Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 777843, United States
| | - Dong Hee Son
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 777843, United States
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science and Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering, Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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15
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Cong M, Zhang Q, Yang B, Chen J, Xiao J, Zheng D, Zheng T, Zhang R, Qing G, Zhang C, Han KL. Bright Triplet Self-Trapped Excitons to Dopant Energy Transfer in Halide Double-Perovskite Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8671-8678. [PMID: 34633829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For inorganic semiconductor nanostructure, excitons in the triplet states are known as the "dark exciton" with poor emitting properties, because of the spin-forbidden transition. Herein, we report a design principle to boost triplet excitons photoluminescence (PL) in all-inorganic lead-free double-perovskite nanocrystals (NCs). Our experimental data reveal that singlet self-trapped excitons (STEs) experience fast intersystem crossing (80 ps) to triplet states. These triplet STEs give bright green color emission with unity PL quantum yield (PLQY). Furthermore, efficient energy transfer from triplet STEs to dopants (Mn2+) can be achieved, which leads to white-light emitting with 87% PLQY in both colloidal and solid thin film NCs. These findings illustrate a fundamental principle to design efficient white-light emitting inorganic phosphors, propelling the development of illumination-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyu Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingkai Zhang
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xiao
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyuan Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiancheng Zheng
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyan Qing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
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16
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Fan Y, Tonkaev P, Wang Y, Song Q, Han J, Makarov SV, Kivshar Y, Xiao S. Enhanced Multiphoton Processes in Perovskite Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7191-7197. [PMID: 34428057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton absorption and luminescence are fundamentally important nonlinear processes for utilizing efficient light-matter interaction. Resonant enhancement of nonlinear processes has been demonstrated for many nanostructures; however, it is believed that all higher-order processes are always much weaker than their corresponding linear processes. Here, we study multiphoton luminescence from structured surfaces and, combining multiple advantages of perovskites with the concept of metasurfaces, we demonstrate that the efficiency of nonlinear multiphoton processes can become comparable to the efficiency of the linear process. We reveal that the perovskite metasurface can enhance substantially two-photon stimulated emission with the threshold being comparable with that of the one-photon process. Our modeling of free-carrier dynamics and exciton recombination upon nonlinear photoexcitation uncovers that this effect can be attributed to the local field enhancement in structured media, a substantial increase of the mode overlap, and the selection rules of two-photon absorption in perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Fan
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Pavel Tonkaev
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qinghai Song
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jiecai Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | | | - Yuri Kivshar
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Shumin Xiao
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China
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17
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Lohmann SH, Cai T, Morrow DJ, Chen O, Ma X. Brightening of Dark States in CsPbBr 3 Quantum Dots Caused by Light-Induced Magnetism. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101527. [PMID: 34369068 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have shown great potential for optoelectronic and quantum photonic applications. Although controversy remains about the electronic fine structures of bulk perovskites due to the strong spin-orbit coupling affecting the conduction bands, compelling evidence indicates that the ground states of perovskite QDs remain dark, limiting their applications in optoelectronic devices. Here, it is demonstrated that photoexcitation can induce large intrinsic magnetic fields in Mn-doped CsPbBr3 perovskite QDs. Equivalent to applying an external magnetic field, the light-induced field causes giant Zeeman splitting to the bright triplet states and brightens the dark singlet ground state, thus effectively rendering a partially bright ground state in the doped QDs. These findings here may contribute to the understanding of the electronic fine structures in perovskite QDs and demonstrate a potential approach for creating semiconductor nanostructures that can serve as bright light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven-Hendrik Lohmann
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Tong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Darien J Morrow
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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18
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Dey A, Ye J, De A, Debroye E, Ha SK, Bladt E, Kshirsagar AS, Wang Z, Yin J, Wang Y, Quan LN, Yan F, Gao M, Li X, Shamsi J, Debnath T, Cao M, Scheel MA, Kumar S, Steele JA, Gerhard M, Chouhan L, Xu K, Wu XG, Li Y, Zhang Y, Dutta A, Han C, Vincon I, Rogach AL, Nag A, Samanta A, Korgel BA, Shih CJ, Gamelin DR, Son DH, Zeng H, Zhong H, Sun H, Demir HV, Scheblykin IG, Mora-Seró I, Stolarczyk JK, Zhang JZ, Feldmann J, Hofkens J, Luther JM, Pérez-Prieto J, Li L, Manna L, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Roeffaers MBJ, Pradhan N, Mohammed OF, Bakr OM, Yang P, Müller-Buschbaum P, Kamat PV, Bao Q, Zhang Q, Krahne R, Galian RE, Stranks SD, Bals S, Biju V, Tisdale WA, Yan Y, Hoye RLZ, Polavarapu L. State of the Art and Prospects for Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10775-10981. [PMID: 34137264 PMCID: PMC8482768 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites have rapidly emerged as one of the most promising materials of the 21st century, with many exciting properties and great potential for a broad range of applications, from photovoltaics to optoelectronics and photocatalysis. The ease with which metal-halide perovskites can be synthesized in the form of brightly luminescent colloidal nanocrystals, as well as their tunable and intriguing optical and electronic properties, has attracted researchers from different disciplines of science and technology. In the last few years, there has been a significant progress in the shape-controlled synthesis of perovskite nanocrystals and understanding of their properties and applications. In this comprehensive review, researchers having expertise in different fields (chemistry, physics, and device engineering) of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals have joined together to provide a state of the art overview and future prospects of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystal research.
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Grants
- from U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- European Research Council under the European Unionâ??s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (HYPERION)
- Ministry of Education - Singapore
- FLAG-ERA JTC2019 project PeroGas.
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy
- EPSRC
- iBOF funding
- Agencia Estatal de Investigaci�ón, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci�ón y Universidades
- National Research Foundation Singapore
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Croucher Foundation
- US NSF
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- National Science Foundation
- Royal Society and Tata Group
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China
- Research 12210 Foundation?Flanders
- Japan International Cooperation Agency
- Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain under Project STABLE
- Generalitat Valenciana via Prometeo Grant Q-Devices
- VetenskapsrÃÂ¥det
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province
- KU Leuven
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Generalitat Valenciana
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research
- Ministerio de EconomÃÂa y Competitividad
- Royal Academy of Engineering
- Hercules Foundation
- China Association for Science and Technology
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
- Wenner-Gren Foundation
- Welch Foundation
- Vlaamse regering
- European Commission
- Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Dey
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Apurba De
- School of
Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Elke Debroye
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seung Kyun Ha
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eva Bladt
- EMAT, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center
of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anuraj S. Kshirsagar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Ziyu Wang
- School
of
Science and Technology for Optoelectronic Information ,Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Division
of Physical Science and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- CINBIO,
Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry
and Physics group, Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario As Lagoas,
Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yue Wang
- MIIT Key
Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of
Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science
and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science
and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Li Na Quan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Fei Yan
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI-The
Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Mengyu Gao
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xiaoming Li
- MIIT Key
Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of
Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science
and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science
and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Javad Shamsi
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Tushar Debnath
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Muhan Cao
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Manuel A. Scheel
- Lehrstuhl
für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH-Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julian A. Steele
- MACS Department
of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marina Gerhard
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund Lund University, PO Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lata Chouhan
- Graduate
School of Environmental Science and Research Institute for Electronic
Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Ke Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- Multiscale
Crystal Materials Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xian-gang Wu
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems,
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian
District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanxiu Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics
(CFP), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R.
| | - Yangning Zhang
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1062, United States
| | - Anirban Dutta
- School
of Materials Sciences, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Chuang Han
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Ilka Vincon
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey L. Rogach
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics
(CFP), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R.
| | - Angshuman Nag
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Anunay Samanta
- School of
Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Brian A. Korgel
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1062, United States
| | - Chih-Jen Shih
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH-Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel R. Gamelin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Dong Hee Son
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Haibo Zeng
- MIIT Key
Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of
Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science
and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science
and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Haizheng Zhong
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems,
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian
District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Handong Sun
- Division
of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
- Centre
for Disruptive Photonic Technologies (CDPT), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI-The
Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Division
of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics,
UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ivan G. Scheblykin
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund Lund University, PO Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Iván Mora-Seró
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Jacek K. Stolarczyk
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jin Z. Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Joseph M. Luther
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Julia Pérez-Prieto
- Institute
of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Liang Li
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liberato Manna
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry and § Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering,
Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zurich, Vladimir
Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry and § Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering,
Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zurich, Vladimir
Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Narayan Pradhan
- School
of Materials Sciences, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Catalysis
Center, King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- Division
of Physical Science and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl
für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz
Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität
München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Prashant V. Kamat
- Notre Dame
Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence
in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Roman Krahne
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Raquel E. Galian
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center
of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Graduate
School of Environmental Science and Research Institute for Electronic
Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yong Yan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Robert L. Z. Hoye
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
- CINBIO,
Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry
and Physics group, Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario As Lagoas,
Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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19
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Yu B, Zhang C, Chen L, Huang X, Qin Z, Wang X, Xiao M. Exciton linewidth broadening induced by exciton-phonon interactions in CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:214502. [PMID: 34240983 DOI: 10.1063/5.0051611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dephasing of excitonic transitions in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals has been studied using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures. The exciton-phonon interactions for acoustic and optical modes exhibit different effects on the coherent dynamics of excitonic transitions. The homogeneous linewidth shows a proportional dependence on the temperature, suggesting the primary dephasing channel of the elastic scattering between exciton and acoustic modes. The exciton-optical mode interaction is manifested as the beatings of off-diagonal signals in the population time domain at the frequencies of 29 and 51 cm-1, indicating phonon replicas of excitonic transitions arising from coherent exciton-phonon interaction. The insight information of exciton homogeneous broadening in perovskite nanocrystals is essential for the potential application of quantum light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyang Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lan Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhengyuan Qin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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20
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Revealing the Exciton Fine Structure in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11041058. [PMID: 33924196 PMCID: PMC8074593 DOI: 10.3390/nano11041058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are attractive nano-building blocks for photovoltaics and optoelectronic devices as well as quantum light sources. Such developments require a better knowledge of the fundamental electronic and optical properties of the band-edge exciton, whose fine structure has long been debated. In this review, we give an overview of recent magneto-optical spectroscopic studies revealing the entire excitonic fine structure and relaxation mechanisms in these materials, using a single-NC approach to get rid of their inhomogeneities in morphology and crystal structure. We highlight the prominent role of the electron-hole exchange interaction in the order and splitting of the bright triplet and dark singlet exciton sublevels and discuss the effects of size, shape anisotropy and dielectric screening on the fine structure. The spectral and temporal manifestations of thermal mixing between bright and dark excitons allows extracting the specific nature and strength of the exciton–phonon coupling, which provides an explanation for their remarkably bright photoluminescence at low temperature although the ground exciton state is optically inactive. We also decipher the spectroscopic characteristics of other charge complexes whose recombination contributes to photoluminescence. With the rich knowledge gained from these experiments, we provide some perspectives on perovskite NCs as quantum light sources.
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21
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Weiss EA. Influence of Shape Anisotropy on the Emission of Low-Dimensional Semiconductors. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3568-3577. [PMID: 33691063 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of precise and scalable synthetic methods for producing anisotropic semiconductor nanostructures provides opportunities to tune the photophysical properties of these particles beyond their band gaps, and to incorporate them into higher-order structures with macroscopic anisotropic responses to electric and optical fields. This perspective article discusses some of these opportunities in the context of colloidal semiconductor nanoplatelets, with a focus on the influence of confinement anisotropy on processes that dictate the emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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22
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Falsini N, Calisi N, Roini G, Ristori A, Biccari F, Scardi P, Barri C, Bollani M, Caporali S, Vinattieri A. Large-Area Nanocrystalline Caesium Lead Chloride Thin Films: A Focus on the Exciton Recombination Dynamics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:434. [PMID: 33572135 PMCID: PMC7915012 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Caesium lead halide perovskites were recently demonstrated to be a relevant class of semiconductors for photonics and optoelectronics. Unlike CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3, the realization of high-quality thin films of CsPbCl3, particularly interesting for highly efficient white LEDs when coupled to converting phosphors, is still a very demanding task. In this work we report the first successful deposition of nanocrystalline CsPbCl3 thin films (70-150 nm) by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on large-area substrates. We present a detailed investigation of the optical properties by high resolution photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, resolved in time and space in the range 10-300 K, providing quantitative information concerning carriers and excitons recombination dynamics. The PL is characterized by a limited inhomogeneous broadening (~15 meV at 10 K) and its origin is discussed from detailed analysis with investigations at the micro-scale. The samples, obtained without any post-growth treatment, show a homogeneous PL emission in spectrum and intensity on large sample areas (several cm2). Temperature dependent and time-resolved PL spectra elucidate the role of carrier trapping in determining the PL quenching up to room temperature. Our results open the route for the realization of large-area inorganic halide perovskite films for photonic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Falsini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (F.B.); (A.V.)
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Nicola Calisi
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DIEF), University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, I-50139 Florence, Italy; (N.C.); (S.C.)
- INSTM-Interuniversity National Consortium for Material Science and Technology, Via Giusti 9, I-50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Giammarco Roini
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ristori
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Francesco Biccari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (F.B.); (A.V.)
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Paolo Scardi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Chiara Barri
- Institute of Photonic and Nanotechnology (IFN)-CNR, LNESS Laboratory, Via Anzani 42, I-20133 Como, Italy; (C.B.); (M.B.)
- Department of Physics, Polytechnic University of Milan, P.zza Leonardo 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Bollani
- Institute of Photonic and Nanotechnology (IFN)-CNR, LNESS Laboratory, Via Anzani 42, I-20133 Como, Italy; (C.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Stefano Caporali
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DIEF), University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, I-50139 Florence, Italy; (N.C.); (S.C.)
- INSTM-Interuniversity National Consortium for Material Science and Technology, Via Giusti 9, I-50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Vinattieri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (F.B.); (A.V.)
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN-Firenze), Via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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23
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Liu A, Almeida DB, Bonato LG, Nagamine G, Zagonel LF, Nogueira AF, Padilha LA, Cundiff ST. Multidimensional coherent spectroscopy reveals triplet state coherences in cesium lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/1/eabb3594. [PMID: 33523833 PMCID: PMC7775787 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in optoelectronics require materials with novel and engineered characteristics. A class of materials that has garnered tremendous interest is metal-halide perovskites, stimulated by meteoric increases in photovoltaic efficiencies of perovskite solar cells. In addition, recent advances have applied perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) in light-emitting devices. It was found recently that, for cesium lead-halide perovskite NCs, their unusually efficient light emission may be due to a unique excitonic fine structure composed of three bright triplet states that minimally interact with a proximal dark singlet state. To study this fine structure without isolating single NCs, we use multidimensional coherent spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures to reveal coherences involving triplet states of a CsPbI3 NC ensemble. Picosecond time scale dephasing times are measured for both triplet and inter-triplet coherences, from which we infer a unique exciton fine structure level ordering composed of a dark state energetically positioned within the bright triplet manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Diogo B Almeida
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Luiz G Bonato
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Nagamine
- Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin," Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Zagonel
- Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin," Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana F Nogueira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lazaro A Padilha
- Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin," Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - S T Cundiff
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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24
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Becker MA, Bernasconi C, Bodnarchuk MI, Rainò G, Kovalenko MV, Norris DJ, Mahrt RF, Stöferle T. Unraveling the Origin of the Long Fluorescence Decay Component of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14939-14946. [PMID: 33174717 PMCID: PMC7690045 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A common signature of nearly all nanoscale emitters is fluorescence intermittency, which is a rapid switching between "on"-states exhibiting a high photon emission rate and "off"-states with a much lower rate. One consequence of fluorescence intermittency occurring on time scales longer than the exciton decay time is the so-called delayed photon emission, manifested by a long radiative decay component. Besides their dominant fast radiative decay, fully inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots exhibit a long fluorescence decay component at cryogenic temperatures that is often attributed to the decay of the dark exciton. Here, we show that its origin is delayed photon emission by investigating temporal variations in fluorescence intensity and concomitant decay times found in single CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots. We attribute the different intensity levels of the intensity trace to a rapid switching between a high-intensity exciton state and an Auger-reduced low-intensity trion state that occurs when the excitation is sufficiently strong. Surprisingly, we observe that the exponent of this power-law-dependent delayed emission is correlated with the emission intensity, which cannot be explained with existing charge carrier trapping models. Our analysis reveals that the long decay component is mainly governed by delayed emission, which is present in both the exciton and trion state. The absence of a fine structure in trions clarifies the vanishing role of the dark exciton state for the long decay component. Our findings are essential for the development of a complete photophysical model that captures all observed features of fluorescence variations in colloidal nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Becker
- IBM
Research Europe−Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
- Optical
Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process
Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Bernasconi
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David J. Norris
- Optical
Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process
Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rainer F. Mahrt
- IBM
Research Europe−Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Stöferle
- IBM
Research Europe−Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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25
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Rossi D, Liu X, Lee Y, Khurana M, Puthenpurayil J, Kim K, Akimov AV, Cheon J, Son DH. Intense Dark Exciton Emission from Strongly Quantum-Confined CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7321-7326. [PMID: 32845638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dark exciton as the lowest-energy (ground) exciton state in metal halide perovskite nanocrystals is a subject of much interest. This is because the superior performance of perovskites as the photon source combined with long lifetime of dark exciton can be attractive for many applications of exciton. However, the direct observation of the intense and long-lived dark exciton emission, indicating facile access to dark ground exciton state, has remained elusive. Here, we report the intense photoluminescence from dark exciton with microsecond lifetime in strongly confined CsPbBr3 nanocrystals and reveal the crucial role of confinement in accessing the dark ground exciton state. This study establishes the potential of strongly quantum-confined perovskite nanostructures as the excellent platform to harvest the benefits of extremely long-lived dark exciton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rossi
- Center for NanoMedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 777843, United States
| | - Yangjin Lee
- Center for NanoMedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohit Khurana
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 777843, United States
| | - Joseph Puthenpurayil
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 777843, United States
| | - Kwanpyo Kim
- Center for NanoMedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 777843, United States
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow 143025, Russia
- PN Lebedev Institute RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Center for NanoMedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (BME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Son
- Center for NanoMedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 777843, United States
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26
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Brennan MC, Forde A, Zhukovskyi M, Baublis AJ, Morozov YV, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Kilin DS, Kuno M. Universal Size-Dependent Stokes Shifts in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4937-4944. [PMID: 32482071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Size-dependent photoluminescence Stokes shifts (ΔEs) universally exist in CsPbX3 (X = Cl-, Br-, or I-) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs). ΔEs values, which range from ∼15 to 100 meV for NCs with average edge lengths (l) from approximately 13 to 3 nm, are halide-dependent such that ΔEs(CsPbI3) > ΔEs(CsPbBr3) ≳ ΔEs(CsPbCl3). Observed size-dependent Stokes shifts are not artifacts of ensemble size distributions as demonstrated through measurements of single CsPbBr3 NC Stokes shifts (⟨ΔEs⟩ = 42 ± 5 meV), which are in near quantitative agreement with associated ensemble (l = 6.8 ± 0.8 nm) ΔEs values (ΔEs ≈ 50 meV). Transient differential absorption measurements additionally illustrate no significant spectral dynamics on the picosecond time scale that would contribute to ΔEs. This excludes polaron formation as being responsible for ΔEs. Altogether, the results point to an origin for ΔEs, intrinsic to the size-dependent electronic properties of individual perovskite NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Brennan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- International Doctoral Program in Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Musei 41, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Aaron Forde
- Department of Materials and Nanotechnology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Maksym Zhukovskyi
- Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Andrew J Baublis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yurii V Morozov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Shubin Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Zhuoming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Dmitri S Kilin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Masaru Kuno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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27
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Bright and fast scintillations of an inorganic halide perovskite CsPbBr 3 crystal at cryogenic temperatures. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8601. [PMID: 32451515 PMCID: PMC7248116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly efficient scintillation crystals with short decay times are indispensable for improving the performance of numerous detection and imaging instruments that use- X-rays, gamma-quanta, ionising particles or neutrons. Halide perovskites emerged recently as very promising materials for detection of ionising radiation that motivated further exploration of the materials. In this work, we report on excellent scintillation properties of CsPbBr3 crystals when cooled to cryogenic temperatures. The temperature dependence of luminescence spectra, decay kinetics and light yield under excitation with X-rays and α-particles was investigated. It is shown that the observed changes of spectral and kinetic characteristics of the crystal with temperature can be consistently explained by radiative decay of free excitons, bound and trapped excitons as well as electron-hole pairs originating from their disintegration. It has been found that the crystal exhibits a fast decay time constant of 1 ns at 7 K. The scintillation light yield of CsPbBr3 at 7 K is assessed to be 50,000 ± 10,000 ph/MeV at excitation with 12 keV X-rays and 109,000 ± 22,000 ph/MeV at excitation with α-particles of 241Am. This finding places CsPbBr3 in an excellent position for the development of a new generation of cryogenic, efficient scintillation detectors with nanosecond response time, marking a step-change in opportunities for scintillator-based applications.
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Schuster O, Wientjes P, Shrestha S, Levchuk I, Sytnyk M, Matt GJ, Osvet A, Batentschuk M, Heiss W, Brabec CJ, Fauster T, Niesner D. Looking beyond the Surface: The Band Gap of Bulk Methylammonium Lead Iodide. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3090-3097. [PMID: 32283026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the intense research on photovoltaic lead halide perovskites, reported optical properties as basic as the absorption onset and the optical band gap vary significantly. To unambiguously answer the question whether the discrepancies are a result of differences between bulk and "near-surface" material, we perform two nonlinear spectroscopies with drastically different information depths on single crystals of the prototypical (CH3NH3)PbI3 methylammonium lead iodide. Two-photon absorption, detected via the resulting generation of carriers and photocurrents (2PI-PC), probes the interband transitions with an information depth in the millimeter range relevant for bulk (single-crystal) material. In contrast, the transient magneto-optical Kerr effect (trMOKE) measured in a reflection geometry determines the excitonic transition energies in the region near (hundreds of nm) the surface which also determine the optical properties in typical thin films. To identify differences between structural phases, we sweep the sample temperature across the orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition temperature. In the application-relevant room-temperature tetragonal phase (at 170 K), we find a bulk band gap of 1.55 ± 0.01 eV, whereas in the near-surface region excitonic transitions occur at 1.59 ± 0.01 eV. The latter value is consistent with previous reflectance measurements by other groups and considerably higher than the bulk band gap. The small band gap of the bulk material explains the extended infrared absorption of crystalline perovskite solar cells, the low-energy bands which carry optically driven spin-polarized currents, and the narrow bandwidth of crystalline perovskite photodetectors making use of the spectral filtering at the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Schuster
- Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Wientjes
- Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shreetu Shrestha
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ievgen Levchuk
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mykhailo Sytnyk
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Energy Campus Nürnberg, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Gebhard J Matt
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andres Osvet
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miroslaw Batentschuk
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Heiss
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Energy Campus Nürnberg, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg (HiErN), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Fauster
- Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Niesner
- Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Jiang F, Zheng W, Jiang Y, Li Y, Fan P, Huang W, Fu X, Li L, Ouyang Y, Zhu X, Zhuang X, Pan A. Trap-Mediated Energy Transfer in Er-Doped Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3320-3326. [PMID: 32275441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Substitutional doping lanthanide ions (Ln3+) in CsPbX3 has been proven to be an efficient strategy for expanding the properties of the perovskite (PVK). Here, erbium (Er3+) uniformly doped CsPbX3 perovskite microplates are grown through a chemical vapor deposition method. Two fluorescence peaks at 430 and 520 nm which respectively correspond to the PVK and Er3+ emissions are observed. The time-resolved photoluminescence of both PVK host and Er dopants demonstrates that trap states play a critical role in facilitating the energy transfer between the PVK host and the Er dopants, which is vital to sensitizing the Er3+. A photophysical model was put forward to comprehensively describe this trap-mediated energy-transfer process, and the dynamics processes are modeled using correlated rate equations. The rates of the carrier's relaxation and energy transfer are respectively obtained as 6.6 and 49 ns-1, and a total energy transfer efficiency was obtained as ∼32.6%.
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Gu K, Wang Y, Shen J, Zhu J, Zhu Y, Li C. Effective Singlet Oxygen Generation in Silica-Coated CsPbBr 3 Quantum Dots through Energy Transfer for Photocatalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:682-687. [PMID: 31849186 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, silica-coated CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) were demonstrated to be effective photosensitizers for the generation of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ). The silica encapsulation improved the stability of the perovskite QDs while also preserving an excellent light-harvesting capability in the visible-light region. The appropriate exciton binding energy and dark exciton generation characteristics of perovskite QDs may be responsible for the energy transfer. The high oxidizability of 1 O2 makes the material attractive for application in decomposition of organic dyes such as methyl orange. This work provides new insight for designing excellent perovskite-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailun Gu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Shen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Jingrun Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Yihua Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Chunzhong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
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31
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Ben Aich R, Ben Radhia S, Boujdaria K, Chamarro M, Testelin C. Multiband k·p Model for Tetragonal Crystals: Application to Hybrid Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:808-817. [PMID: 31931571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the theoretical band structure of organic-inorganic perovskites APbX3 with tetragonal crystal structure. Using D4h point group symmetry properties, we derive a general 16-band Hamiltonian describing the electronic band diagram in the vicinity of the wave-vector point corresponding to the direct band gap. For bulk crystals, a very good agreement between our predictions and experimental physical parameters, as band gap energies and effective carrier masses, is obtained. Extending this description to three-dimensional confined hybrid halide perovskite, we calculate the size dependence of the excitonic radiative lifetime and fine structure. We describe the exciton fine structure of cube-shaped nanocrystals by an interplay of crystal-field and electron-hole exchange interaction (short- and long-range parts) enhanced by confinement. Using very recent experimental results on FAPbBr3 nanocrystals, we extract the bulk short-range exchange interaction in this material and predict its value in other hybrid compounds. Finally, we also predict the bright-bright and bright-dark splittings as a function of nanocrystal size.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ben Aich
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, LR01ES15 Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux: Structure et Propriétés , Université de Carthage , 7021 Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - S Ben Radhia
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, LR01ES15 Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux: Structure et Propriétés , Université de Carthage , 7021 Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - K Boujdaria
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, LR01ES15 Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux: Structure et Propriétés , Université de Carthage , 7021 Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - M Chamarro
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris , Sorbonne Université, CNRS , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - C Testelin
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris , Sorbonne Université, CNRS , F-75005 Paris , France
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32
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Sercel PC, Lyons JL, Bernstein N, Efros AL. Quasicubic model for metal halide perovskite nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:234106. [PMID: 31864259 DOI: 10.1063/1.5127528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an analysis of quantum confinement of carriers and excitons, and exciton fine structure, in metal halide perovskite (MHP) nanocrystals (NCs). Starting with coupled-band k · P theory, we derive a nonparabolic effective mass model for the exciton energies in MHP NCs valid for the full size range from the strong to the weak confinement limits. We illustrate the application of the model to CsPbBr3 NCs and compare the theory against published absorption data, finding excellent agreement. We then apply the theory of electron-hole exchange, including both short- and long-range exchange interactions, to develop a model for the exciton fine structure. We develop an analytical quasicubic model for the effect of tetragonal and orthorhombic lattice distortions on the exchange-related exciton fine structure in CsPbBr3, as well as some hybrid organic MHPs of recent interest, including formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) and methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). Testing the predictions of the quasicubic model using hybrid density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we find qualitative agreement in tetragonal MHPs but significant disagreement in the orthorhombic modifications. Moreover, the quasicubic model fails to correctly describe the exciton oscillator strength and with it the long-range exchange corrections in these systems. Introducing the effect of NC shape anisotropy and possible Rashba terms into the model, we illustrate the calculation of the exciton fine structure in CsPbBr3 NCs based on the results of the DFT calculations and examine the effect of Rashba terms and shape anisotropy on the calculated fine structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Sercel
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - John L Lyons
- Center for Computational Materials Science, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Noam Bernstein
- Center for Computational Materials Science, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Alexander L Efros
- Center for Computational Materials Science, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Kanemitsu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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34
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Jiang Y, Wang X, Pan A. Properties of Excitons and Photogenerated Charge Carriers in Metal Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806671. [PMID: 31106917 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have recently attracted great attention from the scientific community due to their excellent photovoltaic performance as well as their tremendous potential for other optoelectronic applications such as light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. Despite the rapid progress in device applications, a solid understanding of the photophysical properties behind the device performance is highly desirable for MHPs. Here, the properties of excitons and photogenerated charge carriers in MHPs are explored. The unique dielectric constant properties, crystal-liquid duality, and fundamental optical processes of MHPs are first discussed. The properties of excitons and related phenomena in MHPs are then detailed, including the exciton binding energy determined by various methods and their influence factors, exciton dynamics, exciton-photon coupling and related applications, and exciton-phonon coupling in MHPs. The properties of photogenerated free charge carriers in MHPs such as the carrier diffusion length, mobility, and recombination are described. Recent progress in various applications is also demonstrated. Finally, a conclusion and perspectives of future studies for MHPs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, China
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Brodu A, Tessier MD, Canneson D, Dupont D, Ballottin MV, Christianen PCM, de Mello Donega C, Hens Z, Yakovlev DR, Bayer M, Vanmaekelbergh D, Biadala L. Hyperfine Interactions and Slow Spin Dynamics in Quasi-isotropic InP-based Core/Shell Colloidal Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10201-10209. [PMID: 31464420 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal InP core nanocrystals are taking over CdSe-based nanocrystals, notably in optoelectronic applications. Despite their use in commercial devices, such as display screens, the optical properties of InP nanocrystals and especially their relation to the exciton fine structures remain poorly understood. In this work, we show that the ensemble magneto-optical properties of InP-based core/shell nanocrystals investigated in strong magnetic fields up to 30 T are strikingly different from other colloidal nanostructures. Notably, the mixing of the lowest spin-forbidden dark exciton state with the nearest spin-allowed bright state does not occur up to the highest magnetic fields applied. This lack of mixing in an ensemble of nanocrystals suggests an anisotropy tolerance of InP nanocrystals. This striking property allowed us to unveil the slow spin dynamics between Zeeman sublevels (up to 400 ns at 15 T). Furthermore, we show that the unexpected magnetic-field-induced lengthening of the dark exciton lifetime results from the hyperfine interaction between the spin of the electron in the dark exciton with the nuclear magnetic moments. Our results demonstrate the richness of the spin physics in InP quantum dots and stress the large potential of InP nanostructures for spin-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Brodu
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science , Utrecht University , 3584 CC Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Mickael D Tessier
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Damien Canneson
- Experimentelle Physik 2 , Technische Universität Dortmund , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Dorian Dupont
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Mariana V Ballottin
- High Field Magnet Laboratory, HFML-EMFL , Radboud University , 6525 ED Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Peter C M Christianen
- High Field Magnet Laboratory, HFML-EMFL , Radboud University , 6525 ED Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Celso de Mello Donega
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science , Utrecht University , 3584 CC Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Zeger Hens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2 , Technische Universität Dortmund , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
- Ioffe Institute , Russian Academy of Sciences , 194021 St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2 , Technische Universität Dortmund , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
- Ioffe Institute , Russian Academy of Sciences , 194021 St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Daniel Vanmaekelbergh
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science , Utrecht University , 3584 CC Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Louis Biadala
- Experimentelle Physik 2 , Technische Universität Dortmund , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
- Institut d'Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie , UMR CNRS 8520 , 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
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36
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Nakahara S, Ohara K, Tahara H, Yumoto G, Kawawaki T, Saruyama M, Sato R, Teranishi T, Kanemitsu Y. Ionization and Neutralization Dynamics of CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals Revealed by Double-Pump Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4731-4736. [PMID: 31362511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ionization of nanocrystals (NCs) causes both photoluminescence intermittency and a reduction in luminescence quantum efficiency and thus plays a critical role in the optoelectronic performance of NC-based devices. Here, we study the ionization and neutralization processes of CsPbBr3 perovskite NCs under strong photoexcitation by means of double-pump transient absorption spectroscopy. A strong initial pulse is used to generate ionized NCs, and their optical responses are investigated by varying the excitation intensity and delay time of the second pump pulse. We find that charging can occur either via nonradiative Auger recombination of biexcitons or via any possible recombination of trions. The presence of the extra charge inside of an ionized perovskite NC significantly reduces its absorption cross section. The experiments reveal that ionized NCs exhibit two types of neutralization processes with time constants on the order of nanoseconds and microseconds. These results are useful for the optimal design of NC-based photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nakahara
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Keiichi Ohara
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tahara
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Go Yumoto
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Masaki Saruyama
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kanemitsu
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
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37
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Tamarat P, Bodnarchuk MI, Trebbia JB, Erni R, Kovalenko MV, Even J, Lounis B. The ground exciton state of formamidinium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals is a singlet dark state. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:717-724. [PMID: 31086320 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising new semiconductor materials for high-efficiency photovoltaics, light-emitting applications and quantum optical technologies. Their luminescence properties are governed by the formation and radiative recombination of bound electron-hole pairs known as excitons, whose bright or dark character of the ground state remains unknown and debated. While symmetry analysis predicts a singlet non-emissive ground exciton topped with a bright exciton triplet, it has been predicted that the Rashba effect may reverse the bright and dark level ordering. Here, we provide the direct spectroscopic signature of the dark exciton emission in the low-temperature photoluminescence of single formamidinium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals under magnetic fields. The dark singlet is located several millielectronvolts below the bright triplet, in fair agreement with an estimation of the long-range electron-hole exchange interaction. Nevertheless, these perovskites display an intense luminescence because of an extremely reduced bright-to-dark phonon-assisted relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Tamarat
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, Talence, France
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, Talence, France
| | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Baptiste Trebbia
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, Talence, France
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, Talence, France
| | - Rolf Erni
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jacky Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, Rennes, France
| | - Brahim Lounis
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, Talence, France.
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, Talence, France.
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38
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Yan F, Demir HV. LEDs using halide perovskite nanocrystal emitters. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:11402-11412. [PMID: 31179462 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03533h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The emerging family of lead-halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystal emitters has shown impressive achievements in solid-state light-emitting applications. With luminous efficiency comparable to that of organic light-emitting diodes, LHP light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have demonstrated a wide colour gamut with high colour purity and a widely tunable range of emissive wavelengths across the whole visible range. Herein, the understanding of LHP nanocrystals in light emission and the resulting PeLEDs are reviewed. Additionally, key features of LHP nanocrystal emitters applied in PeLEDs and guidelines towards realizing high-performance devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI-The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
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Sercel PC, Lyons JL, Wickramaratne D, Vaxenburg R, Bernstein N, Efros AL. Exciton Fine Structure in Perovskite Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:4068-4077. [PMID: 31088061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The bright emission observed in cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) has recently been explained in terms of a bright exciton ground state [ Becker et al. Nature 2018 , 553 , 189 - 193 ], a claim that would make these materials the first known examples in which the exciton ground state is not an optically forbidden dark exciton. This unprecedented claim has been the subject of intense experimental investigation that has so far failed to detect the dark ground-state exciton. Here, we review the effective-mass/electron-hole exchange theory for the exciton fine structure in cubic and tetragonal CsPbBr3 NCs. In our calculations, the crystal field and the short-range electron-hole exchange constant were calculated using density functional theory together with hybrid functionals and spin-orbit coupling. Corrections associated with long-range exchange and surface image charges were calculated using measured bulk effective mass and dielectric parameters. As expected, within the context of the exchange model, we find an optically inactive ground exciton level. However, in this model, the level order for the optically active excitons in tetragonal CsPbBr3 NCs is opposite to what has been observed experimentally. An alternate explanation for the observed bright exciton level order in CsPbBr3 NCs is offered in terms of the Rashba effect, which supports the existence of a bright ground-state exciton in these NCs. The size dependence of the exciton fine structure calculated for perovskite NCs shows that the bright-dark level inversion caused by the Rashba effect is suppressed by the enhanced electron-hole exchange interaction in small NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Sercel
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - John L Lyons
- Center for Computational Materials Science , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Darshana Wickramaratne
- Center for Computational Materials Science , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Roman Vaxenburg
- Computational Materials Science Center , George Mason University , Fairfax , Virginia 22030 , United States
| | - Noam Bernstein
- Center for Computational Materials Science , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Alexander L Efros
- Center for Computational Materials Science , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington D.C. 20375 , United States
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40
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Zhao W, Qin Z, Zhang C, Wang G, Huang X, Li B, Dai X, Xiao M. Optical Gain from Biexcitons in CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals Revealed by Two-dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1251-1258. [PMID: 30811208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit highly efficient optical gain, which is promising for laser applications. However, the intrinsic mechanism of optical gain in perovskite NCs, particularly whether more than one exciton per NCs is required, remains poorly understood. Here, we use two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to resonantly probe the interplay between near-band-edge transitions during the buildup of optical gain in CsPbBr3 NCs. We find compelling evidence to conclude that optical gain in CsPbBr3 NCs is generated through stimulated emission from strongly interacting biexcitons. The threshold is largely determined by the competition between stimulated emission from biexcitons and excited-state absorption from single exciton to biexciton states. The findings in this work may guide future explorations of NC materials with low-threshold optical gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Zhengyuan Qin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Guodong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Bin Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Xingcan Dai
- Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
- Department of Physics , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
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41
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Ding H, Liu M, Pan N, Dong Y, Lin Y, Li T, Zhao J, Luo Z, Luo Y, Wang X. Lattice Disorder-Engineered Energy Splitting between Bright and Dark Excitons in CsPbBr 3 Quantum Wires. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1355-1360. [PMID: 30841698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Excitons in nanostructured semiconductors often undergo strong electron-hole exchange interaction, resulting in bright-dark exciton splitting with the dark exciton usually being the lower energy state. This unfavorable state arrangement has become the major bottleneck for achieving high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, the arrangement of dark and bright exciton states in lead halide perovskites is under intense debate due to the involvement of many complicated factors. We present here the first experimental evidence to demonstrate that the strain is a crucial factor in tuning the energy splitting of the bright and dark excitons, resulting in different PL properties.
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42
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Xu K, Vliem JF, Meijerink A. Long-Lived Dark Exciton Emission in Mn-Doped CsPbCl 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:979-984. [PMID: 30873253 PMCID: PMC6410607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The unusual temperature dependence of exciton emission decay in CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) attracts considerable attention. Upon cooling, extremely short (sub-ns) lifetimes were observed and were explained by an inverted bright-dark state splitting. Here, we report temperature-dependent exciton lifetimes for CsPbCl3 NCs doped with 0-41% Mn2+. The exciton emission lifetime increases upon cooling from 300 to 75 K. Upon further cooling, a strong and fast sub-ns decay component develops. However, the decay is strongly biexponential and also a weak, slow decay component is observed with a ∼40-50 ns lifetime below 20 K. The slow component has a ∼5-10 times stronger relative intensity in Mn-doped NCs compared to that in undoped CsPbCl3 NCs. The temperature dependence of the slow component resembles that of CdSe and PbSe quantum dots with an activation energy of ∼19 meV for the dark-bright state splitting. Based on our observations, we propose an alternative explanation for the short, sub-ns exciton decay time in CsPbX3 NCs. Slow bright-dark state relaxation at cryogenic temperatures gives rise to almost exclusively bright state emission. Incorporation of Mn2+ or high magnetic fields enhances the bright-dark state relaxation and allows for the observation of the long-lived dark state emission at cryogenic temperatures.
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43
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Liu Y, Gao Z, Tan Y, Chen F. Enhancement of Out-of-Plane Charge Transport in a Vertically Stacked Two-Dimensional Heterostructure Using Point Defects. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10529-10536. [PMID: 30230812 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Point defects in 2D materials block in-plane charge transport, which incurs negative effects on the photoresponse of 2D monolayer materials. In contrast to in-plane charge transport, we show that out-of-plane charge transport in 2D materials can be enhanced through controllable formation of point defects, thus enhancing the photoresponse of a vertical heterostructure. Graphene and WSe2 monolayers were stacked together to construct a vertical heterostructure (W/G). Se point defects were artificially formed on the top atomic layer of WSe2 with controllable density via Ga ion irradiation. The interlayer charge transport in the W/G heterostructure was detected with femtosecond optical probe-pump measurements and photoelectric detection. Our experiments show that point defects can be used to provide higher transfer rate for out-of-plane charge transport and more electronic states for photoexcitation, leading to enhanced photoinduced interlayer charge transfer from WSe2 to graphene. Based on this feature, a photodetector based on W/G modified by point defects is proposed and implemented, exhibiting a fast photoresponsivity (∼0.6 ms) (2 orders of magnitude larger than the photoresponse in pristine W/G). This work demonstrates that out-of-plane charge transport is enhanced by the presence of point defects and illustrates an efficient method to optimize the performance of photoelectric devices based on vertical heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250100 , China
| | | | - Yang Tan
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250100 , China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250100 , China
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44
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Chen LJ, Dai JH, Lin JD, Mo TS, Lin HP, Yeh HC, Chuang YC, Jiang SA, Lee CR. Wavelength-Tunable and Highly Stable Perovskite-Quantum-Dot-Doped Lasers with Liquid Crystal Lasing Cavities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33307-33315. [PMID: 30198255 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study applies a low-cost solvothermal method to synthesize all-inorganic (lead-free cesium tin halide) perovskite quantum dots (AIPQDs) and to fabricate AIPQD-doped lasers with cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) lasing cavities. The lasers present highly qualified lasing features of low threshold (150 nJ/pulse) and narrow line width (0.20 nm) that are attributed to the conjunction of the suppression of photoluminescence (PL) loss caused by the quantum confinement of AIPQDs and the amplification of PL caused by the band-edge effect of the CLC-distributed feedback resonator. In addition, the lasers possess highly flexible lasing-wavelength tuning features and a long-term stability under storage at room temperature and under high humidity given the protective role of CLC. These advantages are difficult to confer to typical light-emitting perovskite devices. Given these merits, the AIPQD-doped CLC laser device has considerable potential applications in optoelectronic and photonic devices, including lighting, displays, and lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ting-Shan Mo
- Department of Electronic Engineering , Kun Shan University of Technology , Tainan 710 , Taiwan
| | | | - Hui-Chen Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering , National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology , Kaohsiung 824 , Taiwan
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45
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Fu M, Tamarat P, Trebbia JB, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Even J, Lounis B. Unraveling exciton-phonon coupling in individual FAPbI 3 nanocrystals emitting near-infrared single photons. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3318. [PMID: 30127339 PMCID: PMC6102301 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) exhibits the narrowest bandgap energy among lead halide perovskites, thus playing a pivotal role for the development of photovoltaics and near-infrared classical or quantum light sources. Here, we unveil the fundamental properties of FAPbI3 by spectroscopic investigations of nanocrystals of this material at the single-particle level. We show that these nanocrystals deliver near-infrared single photons suitable for quantum communication. Moreover, the low temperature photoluminescence spectra of FAPbI3 nanocrystals reveal the optical phonon modes responsible for the emission line broadening with temperature and a vanishing exciton-acoustic phonon interaction in these soft materials. The photoluminescence decays are governed by thermal mixing between fine structure states, with a two-optical phonon Raman scattering process. These results point to a strong Frölich interaction and to a phonon glass character that weakens the interactions of charge carriers with acoustic phonons and thus impacts their relaxation and mobility in these perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fu
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Philippe Tamarat
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Trebbia
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Jacky Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Brahim Lounis
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France.
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France.
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46
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Lou Y, Fang M, Chen J, Zhao Y. Formation of highly luminescent cesium bismuth halide perovskite quantum dots tuned by anion exchange. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3779-3782. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cs3Bi2Br9 quantum dots, with excellent thermal stability and photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 22%, have been prepared. A PL wavelength range from 380 to 526 nm could be achieved through a fast reversible anion exchange reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbing Lou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- P. R. China
| | - Mengying Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- P. R. China
| | - Jinxi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- P. R. China
| | - Yixin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
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