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Zhang G, Lu G, Li X, Mei Z, Liang L, Fan S, Li Q, Wei Y. Reconfigurable Two-Dimensional Air-Gap Barristors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4564-4573. [PMID: 36847653 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reconfigurable logic circuits implemented by two-dimensional (2D) ambipolar semiconductors provide a prospective solution for the post-Moore era. It is still a challenge for ambipolar nanomaterials to realize reconfigurable polarity control and rectification with a simplified device structure. Here, an air-gap barristor based on an asymmetric stacking sequence of the electrode contacts was developed to resolve these issues. For the 2D ambipolar channel of WSe2, the barristor can not only be reconfigured as an n- or p-type unipolar transistor but also work as a switchable diode. The air gap around the bottom electrode dominates the reconfigurable behaviors by widening the Schottky barrier here, thus blocking the injection of both electrons and holes. The electrical performances can be improved by optimizing the electrode materials, which achieve an on/off ratio of 104 for the transistor and a rectifying ratio of 105 for the diode. A complementary inverter and a switchable AND/OR logic gate were constructed by using the air-gap barristors as building blocks. This work provides an efficient approach with great potential for low-dimensional reconfigurable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gaotian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuanzhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shoushan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qunqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Pogosov AG, Shevyrin AA, Pokhabov DA, Zhdanov EY, Kumar S. Suspended semiconductor nanostructures: physics and technology. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:263001. [PMID: 35477698 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac6308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current state of research on quantum and ballistic electron transport in semiconductor nanostructures with a two-dimensional electron gas separated from the substrate and nanoelectromechanical systems is reviewed. These nanostructures fabricated using the surface nanomachining technique have certain unexpected features in comparison to their non-suspended counterparts, such as additional mechanical degrees of freedom, enhanced electron-electron interaction and weak heat sink. Moreover, their mechanical functionality can be used as an additional tool for studying the electron transport, complementary to the ordinary electrical measurements. The article includes a comprehensive review of spin-dependent electron transport and multichannel effects in suspended quantum point contacts, ballistic and adiabatic transport in suspended nanostructures, as well as investigations on nanoelectromechanical systems. We aim to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in suspended semiconductor nanostructures and their applications in nanoelectronics, spintronics and emerging quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Pogosov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 13 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A A Shevyrin
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 13 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - D A Pokhabov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 13 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E Yu Zhdanov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 13 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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Guddala S, Kawaguchi Y, Komissarenko F, Kiriushechkina S, Vakulenko A, Chen K, Alù A, M Menon V, Khanikaev AB. All-optical nonreciprocity due to valley polarization pumping in transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3746. [PMID: 34145288 PMCID: PMC8213841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonreciprocity and nonreciprocal optical devices play a vital role in modern photonic technologies by enforcing one-way propagation of light. Here, we demonstrate an all-optical approach to nonreciprocity based on valley-selective response in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). This approach overcomes the limitations of magnetic materials and it does not require an external magnetic field. We provide experimental evidence of photoinduced nonreciprocity in a monolayer WS2 pumped by circularly polarized (CP) light. Nonreciprocity stems from valley-selective exciton population, giving rise to nonlinear circular dichroism controlled by CP pump fields. Our experimental results reveal a significant effect even at room temperature, despite considerable intervalley-scattering, showing promising potential for practical applications in magnetic-free nonreciprocal platforms. As an example, here we propose a device scheme to realize an optical isolator based on a pass-through silicon nitride (SiN) ring resonator integrating the optically biased TMD monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Guddala
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuma Kawaguchi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Filipp Komissarenko
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Svetlana Kiriushechkina
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anton Vakulenko
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Alù
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vinod M Menon
- Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander B Khanikaev
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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Xie H, Jiang S, Rhodes DA, Hone JC, Shan J, Mak KF. Tunable Exciton-Optomechanical Coupling in Suspended Monolayer MoSe 2. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:2538-2543. [PMID: 33720731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c05089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The strong excitonic effect in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors has enabled many fascinating light-matter interaction phenomena. Examples include strongly coupled exciton-polaritons and nearly perfect atomic monolayer mirrors. The strong light-matter interaction also opens the door for dynamical control of mechanical motion through the exciton resonance of monolayer TMDs. Here, we report the observation of exciton-optomechanical coupling in a suspended monolayer MoSe2 mechanical resonator. By moderate optical pumping near the MoSe2 exciton resonance, we have observed optical damping and antidamping of mechanical vibrations as well as the optical spring effect. The exciton-optomechanical coupling strength is also gate-tunable. Our observations can be understood in a model based on photothermal backaction and gate-induced mirror symmetry breaking in the device structure. The observation of gate-tunable exciton-optomechanical coupling in a monolayer semiconductor may find applications in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) and in exciton-optomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Xie
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics and School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Shengwei Jiang
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics and School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Daniel A Rhodes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jie Shan
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics and School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kin Fai Mak
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics and School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Kim HH, Jiang S, Yang B, Zhong S, Tian S, Li C, Lei H, Shan J, Mak KF, Tsen AW. Magneto-Memristive Switching in a 2D Layer Antiferromagnet. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905433. [PMID: 31647588 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Memristive devices whose resistance can be hysteretically switched by electric field or current are intensely pursued both for fundamental interest as well as potential applications in neuromorphic computing and phase-change memory. When the underlying material exhibits additional charge or spin order, the resistive states can be directly coupled, further allowing electrical control of the collective phases. The observation of abrupt, memristive switching of tunneling current in nanoscale junctions of ultrathin CrI3 , a natural layer antiferromagnet, is reported here. The coupling to spin order enables both tuning of the resistance hysteresis by magnetic field and electric-field switching of magnetization even in multilayer samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ho Kim
- Institute for Quantum Computing, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Shengwei Jiang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Department of Physics and Kavli Institute, for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Bowen Yang
- Institute for Quantum Computing, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Shazhou Zhong
- Institute for Quantum Computing, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Shangjie Tian
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Chenghe Li
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Hechang Lei
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Jie Shan
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Department of Physics and Kavli Institute, for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kin Fai Mak
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Department of Physics and Kavli Institute, for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Adam W Tsen
- Institute for Quantum Computing, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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He C, Zhao Q, Huang Y, Zhu L, Zhang S, Bai J, Xu X. Nonlinear Optical Response in Graphene/WX 2 (X = S, Se, and Te) van der Waals Heterostructures. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2090-2100. [PMID: 30973733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Light-frequency conversion based on two-dimensional (2D) materials is of great importance for modern nano- and integrated photonics. Herein, we report both the intrinsic (from the pure WX2 (X = S, Se, and Te)) and extrinsic (from the interface of graphene/WX2) second-order nonlinear coefficient tensor from graphene/WX2 van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures by first-principles calculations. The prominent peaks in the dispersion relation of the intrinsic second-order nonlinear coefficient in monolayer WX2 are due to the Van Hove singularity in the high-symmetry point or along the high-symmetry line with high joint density of states. The enhanced nonlinear optical response in the infrared band can be achieved in graphene/WS2 vdW heterostructures, resulting from the interlayer charge transfer between graphene and WS2. The value of the intrinsic second-order nonlinear coefficients of graphene/WSe2 vdW heterostructures is 1.5 times larger than that of pure monolayer WSe2 at the band gap energy of monolayer WSe2 because of the enhanced carrier generation after the heterostructure formation. Different from pure monolayer WX2, azimuthal angle-dependent second harmonic generation from graphene/WX2 vdW heterostructures exhibits extraordinary rotational symmetry at different photon energies, which can be used to deduce the extrinsic second-order nonlinear coefficient. These results pave the way for the nonlinear optical coefficient design based on 2D heterostructures for nonlinear nanophotonics and integrated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- School of Science , Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications , Xi'an 710121 , China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
| | - Lipeng Zhu
- School of Electronic Engineering , Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications , Xi'an 710121 , China
| | - Sujuan Zhang
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
| | - Jintao Bai
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
| | - Xinlong Xu
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments , Guilin University of Electronic Technology , Guilin 541004 , China
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