1
|
Omori NE, Bobitan AD, Vamvakeros A, Beale AM, Jacques SDM. Recent developments in X-ray diffraction/scattering computed tomography for materials science. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220350. [PMID: 37691470 PMCID: PMC10493554 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
X-ray diffraction/scattering computed tomography (XDS-CT) methods are a non-destructive class of chemical imaging techniques that have the capacity to provide reconstructions of sample cross-sections with spatially resolved chemical information. While X-ray diffraction CT (XRD-CT) is the most well-established method, recent advances in instrumentation and data reconstruction have seen greater use of related techniques like small angle X-ray scattering CT and pair distribution function CT. Additionally, the adoption of machine learning techniques for tomographic reconstruction and data analysis are fundamentally disrupting how XDS-CT data is processed. The following narrative review highlights recent developments and applications of XDS-CT with a focus on studies in the last five years. This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 2)'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E. Omori
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street,Abingdon OX14 5EG, UK
| | - Antonia D. Bobitan
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street,Abingdon OX14 5EG, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Antonis Vamvakeros
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street,Abingdon OX14 5EG, UK
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2DB, UK
| | - Andrew M. Beale
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street,Abingdon OX14 5EG, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Simon D. M. Jacques
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street,Abingdon OX14 5EG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ho AS, Parkinson DY, Trask SE, Jansen AN, Balsara NP. Large Local Currents in a Lithium-Ion Battery during Rest after Fast Charging. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19180-19188. [PMID: 37724810 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing electric vehicle (EV) adoption requires lithium-ion batteries that can be charged quickly and safely. Some EV batteries have caught on fire despite being neither charged nor discharged. While the lithium that plates on graphite during fast charging affects battery safety, so do the internal ionic currents that can occur when the battery is at rest after charging. These currents are difficult to quantify; the external current that can readily be measured is zero. Here we study a graphite electrode at rest after 6C fast charging using operando X-ray microtomography. We quantify spatially resolved current density distributions that originate at plated lithium and end in underlithiated graphite particles. The average current densities decrease from 1.5 to 0.5 mA cm-2 in about 20 min after charging is stopped. Surprisingly, the range of the stripping current density is independent of time, with outliers above 20 mA cm-2. The persistence of outliers provides a clue as to the origin of catastrophic failure in batteries at rest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec S Ho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dilworth Y Parkinson
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stephen E Trask
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrew N Jansen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nitash P Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heenan TMM, Mombrini I, Llewellyn A, Checchia S, Tan C, Johnson MJ, Jnawali A, Garbarino G, Jervis R, Brett DJL, Di Michiel M, Shearing PR. Mapping internal temperatures during high-rate battery applications. Nature 2023; 617:507-512. [PMID: 37198308 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Electric vehicles demand high charge and discharge rates creating potentially dangerous temperature rises. Lithium-ion cells are sealed during their manufacture, making internal temperatures challenging to probe1. Tracking current collector expansion using X-ray diffraction (XRD) permits non-destructive internal temperature measurements2; however, cylindrical cells are known to experience complex internal strain3,4. Here, we characterize the state of charge, mechanical strain and temperature within lithium-ion 18650 cells operated at high rates (above 3C) by means of two advanced synchrotron XRD methods: first, as entire cross-sectional temperature maps during open-circuit cooling and second, single-point temperatures during charge-discharge cycling. We observed that a 20-minute discharge on an energy-optimized cell (3.5 Ah) resulted in internal temperatures above 70 °C, whereas a faster 12-minute discharge on a power-optimized cell (1.5 Ah) resulted in substantially lower temperatures (below 50 °C). However, when comparing the two cells under the same electrical current, the peak temperatures were similar, for example, a 6 A discharge resulted in 40 °C peak temperatures for both cell types. We observe that the operando temperature rise is due to heat accumulation, strongly influenced by the charging protocol, for example, constant current and/or constant voltage; mechanisms that worsen with cycling because degradation increases the cell resistance. Design mitigations for temperature-related battery issues should now be explored using this new methodology to provide opportunities for improved thermal management during high-rate electric vehicle applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M M Heenan
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of London, London, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - I Mombrini
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of London, London, UK
- The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - A Llewellyn
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of London, London, UK
| | - S Checchia
- The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - C Tan
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of London, London, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - M J Johnson
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of London, London, UK
| | - A Jnawali
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of London, London, UK
| | | | - R Jervis
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of London, London, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - D J L Brett
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of London, London, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | | | - P R Shearing
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of London, London, UK.
- The Faraday Institution, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dai J, Zhai C, Ai J, Yu G, Lv H, Sun W, Liu Y. A cellular automata framework for porous electrode reconstruction and reaction-diffusion simulation. Chin J Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
|
5
|
Kong X, Xi Z, Wang L, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Wang L, Li S, Chen X, Wan Z. Recent Progress in Silicon-Based Materials for Performance-Enhanced Lithium-Ion Batteries. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052079. [PMID: 36903324 PMCID: PMC10004529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has been considered to be one of the most promising anode materials for high energy density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity, low discharge platform, abundant raw materials and environmental friendliness. However, the large volume changes, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation during cycling and intrinsic low conductivity of Si hinder its practical applications. Various modification strategies have been widely developed to enhance the lithium storage properties of Si-based anodes, including cycling stability and rate capabilities. In this review, recent modification methods to suppress structural collapse and electric conductivity are summarized in terms of structural design, oxide complexing and Si alloys, etc. Moreover, other performance enhancement factors, such as pre-lithiation, surface engineering and binders are briefly discussed. The mechanisms behind the performance enhancement of various Si-based composites characterized by in/ex situ techniques are also reviewed. Finally, we briefly highlight the existing challenges and future development prospects of Si-based anode materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhong Kong
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Mechanical Engineering, Yueyang 414006, China
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of New Energy, Yueyang 414006, China
- Correspondence: (X.K.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ziyang Xi
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Mechanical Engineering, Yueyang 414006, China
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of New Energy, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Linqing Wang
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Mechanical Engineering, Yueyang 414006, China
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of New Energy, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Yuheng Zhou
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Mechanical Engineering, Yueyang 414006, China
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of New Energy, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Mechanical Engineering, Yueyang 414006, China
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of New Energy, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Mechanical Engineering, Yueyang 414006, China
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of New Energy, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Shi Li
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Mechanical Engineering, Yueyang 414006, China
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of New Energy, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Mechanical Engineering, Yueyang 414006, China
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of New Energy, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Zhongmin Wan
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Mechanical Engineering, Yueyang 414006, China
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of New Energy, Yueyang 414006, China
- Correspondence: (X.K.); (Z.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang X, Wang H, Pushparaj RI, Mann M, Hou X. Coal-derived graphene foam and micron-sized silicon composite anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
7
|
Sottmann J, Ruud A, Fjellvåg ØS, Vaughan GBM, Di Michel M, Fjellvåg H, Lebedev OI, Vajeeston P, Wragg DS. 5D total scattering computed tomography reveals the full reaction mechanism of a bismuth vanadate lithium ion battery anode. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:27075-27085. [PMID: 36326039 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03892g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have used operando 5D synchrotron total scattering computed tomography (TSCT) to understand the cycling and possible long term deactivation mechanisms of the lithium-ion battery anode bismuth vanadate. This anode material functions via a combined conversion/alloying mechanism in which nanocrystals of lithium-bismuth alloy are protected by an amorphous matrix of lithium vanadate. This composite is formed in situ during the first lithiation of the anode. The operando TSCT data were analyzed and mapped using both pair distribution function and Rietveld methods. We can follow the lithium-bismuth alloying reaction at all stages, gaining real structural insight including variations in nanoparticle sizes, lattice parameters and bond lengths, even when the material is completely amorphous. We also observe for the first time structural changes related to the cycling of lithium ions in the lithium vanadate matrix, which displays no interactions beyond the first shell of V-O bonds. The first 3D operando mapping of the distribution of different materials in an amorphous anode reveals a decline in coverage caused by either agglomeration or partial dissolution of the active material, hinting at the mechanism of long term deactivation. The observations from the operando experiment are backed up by post mortem transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies and theoretical calculations to provide a complete picture of an exceptionally complex cycling mechanism across a range of length scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Sottmann
- Center for Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Amund Ruud
- Center for Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Øystein S Fjellvåg
- Center for Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gavin B M Vaughan
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Di Michel
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Helmer Fjellvåg
- Center for Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Oleg I Lebedev
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, ENSICAEN, CNRS UMR 6508, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Ponniah Vajeeston
- Center for Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - David S Wragg
- Center for Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Daemi SR, Tan C, Tranter TG, Heenan TMM, Wade A, Salinas-Farran L, Llewellyn AV, Lu X, Matruglio A, Brett DJL, Jervis R, Shearing PR. Computer-Vision-Based Approach to Classify and Quantify Flaws in Li-Ion Electrodes. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200887. [PMID: 36089665 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) is a non-destructive characterization technique that in recent years has been adopted to study the microstructure of battery electrodes. However, the often manual and laborious data analysis process hinders the extraction of useful metrics that can ultimately inform the mechanisms behind cycle life degradation. This work presents a novel approach that combines two convolutional neural networks to first locate and segment each particle in a nano-CT LiNiMnCoO2 (NMC) electrode dataset, and successively classifies each particle according to the presence of flaws or cracks within its internal structure. Metrics extracted from the computer vision segmentation are validated with respect to traditional threshold-based segmentation, confirming that flawed particles are correctly identified as single entities. Successively, slices from each particle are analyzed by a pre-trained classifier to detect the presence of flaws or cracks. The models are used to quantify microstructural evolution in uncycled and cycled NMC811 electrodes, as well as the number of flawed particles in a NMC622 electrode. As a proof-of-concept, a 3-phase segmentation is also presented, whereby each individual flaw is segmented as a separate pixel label. It is anticipated that this analysis pipeline will be widely used in the field of battery research and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab R Daemi
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Chun Tan
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Thomas G Tranter
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Thomas M M Heenan
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
| | - Aaron Wade
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
| | - Luis Salinas-Farran
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Alice V Llewellyn
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
| | - Xuekun Lu
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Alessia Matruglio
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Daniel J L Brett
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
| | - Rhodri Jervis
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
| | - Paul R Shearing
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xiang W, Chen M, Zhou X, Chen J, Huang H, Sun Z, Lu Y, Zhang G, Wen X, Li W. Highly Enforced Rate Capability of a Graphite Anode via Interphase Chemistry Tailoring Based on an Electrolyte Additive. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5151-5159. [PMID: 35658442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rate capability of lithium-ion batteries is highly dependent on the interphase chemistry of graphite anodes. Herein, we demonstrate an anode interphase tailoring based on a novel electrolyte additive, lithium dodecyl sulfate (LiDS), which greatly improves the rate capability and cyclic stability of graphite anodes. Upon application of 1% LiDS in a base electrolyte, the discharge capacity at 2 C is improved from 102 to 240 mAh g-1 and its capacity retention is enhanced from 51% to 94% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C. These excellent performances are attributed to the preferential absorption of LiDS and the as-constructed interphase chemistry that is mainly composed of organic long-chain polyether and inorganic lithium sulfite. The long-chain polyether possesses flexibility endowing the interphase with robustness, while its combination with inorganic lithium sulfite accelerates lithium intercalation/deintercalation kinetics via decreasing the resistance for charge transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Xiang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Engineering Research Center of MTEES (Ministry of Education), Research Center of BMET (Guangdong Province), and Key Laboratory of ETESPG (GHEI), South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianggui Zhou
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiakun Chen
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haidong Huang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhaoyu Sun
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Lu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gaige Zhang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinyang Wen
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weishan Li
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Engineering Research Center of MTEES (Ministry of Education), Research Center of BMET (Guangdong Province), and Key Laboratory of ETESPG (GHEI), South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Scharf J, Chouchane M, Finegan DP, Lu B, Redquest C, Kim MC, Yao W, Franco AA, Gostovic D, Liu Z, Riccio M, Zelenka F, Doux JM, Meng YS. Bridging nano- and microscale X-ray tomography for battery research by leveraging artificial intelligence. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:446-459. [PMID: 35414116 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a non-destructive imaging technique in which contrast originates from the materials' absorption coefficient. The recent development of laboratory nanoscale CT (nano-CT) systems has pushed the spatial resolution for battery material imaging to voxel sizes of 50 nm, a limit previously achievable only with synchrotron facilities. Given the non-destructive nature of CT, in situ and operando studies have emerged as powerful methods to quantify morphological parameters, such as tortuosity factor, porosity, surface area and volume expansion, during battery operation or cycling. Combined with artificial intelligence and machine learning analysis techniques, nano-CT has enabled the development of predictive models to analyse the impact of the electrode microstructure on cell performances or the influence of material heterogeneities on electrochemical responses. In this Review, we discuss the role of X-ray CT and nano-CT experimentation in the battery field, discuss the incorporation of artificial intelligence and machine learning analyses and provide a perspective on how the combination of multiscale CT imaging techniques can expand the development of predictive multiscale battery behavioural models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Scharf
- Department of Nano-Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Mehdi Chouchane
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UMR CNRS 7314, Hub de l'Energie, Amiens, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, Hub de l'Energie, Amiens, France
| | | | - Bingyu Lu
- Department of Nano-Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Redquest
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Min-Cheol Kim
- Department of Nano-Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Weiliang Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro A Franco
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UMR CNRS 7314, Hub de l'Energie, Amiens, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, Hub de l'Energie, Amiens, France
- Alistore-ERI European Research Institute, FR CNRS 3104, Hub de l'Energie, Amiens, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Zhao Liu
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Jean-Marie Doux
- Department of Nano-Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Ying Shirley Meng
- Department of Nano-Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Sustainable Power and Energy Center (SPEC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Parmananda M, Norris C, Roberts SA, Mukherjee PP. Probing the Role of Multi-scale Heterogeneity in Graphite Electrodes for Extreme Fast Charging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:18335-18352. [PMID: 35422120 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c25214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrode-scale heterogeneity can combine with complex electrochemical interactions to impede lithium-ion battery performance, particularly during fast charging. This study investigates the influence of electrode heterogeneity at different scales on the lithium-ion battery electrochemical performance under operational extremes. We employ image-based mesoscale simulation in conjunction with a three-dimensional electrochemical model to predict performance variability in 14 graphite electrode X-ray computed tomography data sets. Our analysis reveals that the tortuous anisotropy stemming from the variable particle morphology has a dominating influence on the overall cell performance. Cells with platelet morphology achieve lower capacity, higher heat generation rates, and severe plating under extreme fast charge conditions. On the contrary, the heterogeneity due to the active material clustering alone has minimal impact. Our work suggests that manufacturing electrodes with more homogeneous and isotropic particle morphology will improve electrochemical performance and improve safety, enabling electromobility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Parmananda
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Chance Norris
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Scott A Roberts
- Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Partha P Mukherjee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang Y, Li N, Wang B, Li N, Gao K, Liang Y, Wei Y, Yang L, Song WL, Chen H. Microstructure evolution of lithium-ion battery electrodes at different states of charge: Deep learning-based segmentation. Electrochem commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2022.107224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
13
|
Zhu G, Chao D, Xu W, Wu M, Zhang H. Microscale Silicon-Based Anodes: Fundamental Understanding and Industrial Prospects for Practical High-Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS NANO 2021; 15:15567-15593. [PMID: 34569781 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To accelerate the commercial implementation of high-energy batteries, recent research thrusts have turned to the practicality of Si-based electrodes. Although numerous nanostructured Si-based materials with exceptional performance have been reported in the past 20 years, the practical development of high-energy Si-based batteries has been beset by the bias between industrial application with gravimetrical energy shortages and scientific research with volumetric limits. In this context, the microscale design of Si-based anodes with densified microstructure has been deemed as an impactful solution to tackle these critical issues. However, their large-scale application is plagued by inadequate cycling stability. In this review, we present the challenges in Si-based materials design and draw a realistic picture regarding practical electrode engineering. Critical appraisals of recent advances in microscale design of stable Si-based materials are presented, including interfacial tailoring of Si microscale electrode, surface modification of SiOx microscale electrode, and structural engineering of hierarchical microscale electrode. Thereafter, other practical metrics beyond active material are also explored, such as robust binder design, electrolyte exploration, prelithiation technology, and thick-electrode engineering. Finally, we provide a roadmap starting with material design and ending with the remaining challenges and integrated improvement strategies toward Si-based full cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanjia Zhu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Chao
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilan Xu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghong Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijiao Zhang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vamvakeros A, Matras D, Ashton TE, Coelho AA, Dong H, Bauer D, Odarchenko Y, Price SWT, Butler KT, Gutowski O, Dippel AC, Zimmerman MV, Darr JA, Jacques SDM, Beale AM. Cycling Rate-Induced Spatially-Resolved Heterogeneities in Commercial Cylindrical Li-Ion Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100512. [PMID: 34928070 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction computed tomography has been employed to investigate, for the first time, commercial cylindrical Li-ion batteries electrochemically cycled over the two cycling rates of C/2 and C/20. This technique yields maps of the crystalline components and chemical species as a cross-section of the cell with high spatiotemporal resolution (550 × 550 images with 20 × 20 × 3 µm3 voxel size in ca. 1 h). The recently developed Direct Least-Squares Reconstruction algorithm is used to overcome the well-known parallax problem and led to accurate lattice parameter maps for the device cathode. Chemical heterogeneities are revealed at both electrodes and are attributed to uneven Li and current distributions in the cells. It is shown that this technique has the potential to become an invaluable diagnostic tool for real-world commercial batteries and for their characterization under operating conditions, leading to unique insights into "real" battery degradation mechanisms as they occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Vamvakeros
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK
| | - Dorota Matras
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Thomas E Ashton
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Alan A Coelho
- Coelho Software, 72 Cedar Street, Wynnum, Brisbane, Queensland, 4178, Australia
| | - Hongyang Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Dustin Bauer
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Yaroslav Odarchenko
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK
| | - Stephen W T Price
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK
| | - Keith T Butler
- SciML, Scientific Computer Division, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Olof Gutowski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Dippel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Jawwad A Darr
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Simon D M Jacques
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK
| | - Andrew M Beale
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0FA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tang F, Wu Z, Yang C, Osenberg M, Hilger A, Dong K, Markötter H, Manke I, Sun F, Chen L, Cui G. Synchrotron X-Ray Tomography for Rechargeable Battery Research: Fundamentals, Setups and Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100557. [PMID: 34928071 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the complicated interplay of the continuously evolving electrode materials in their inherent 3D states during the battery operating condition is of great importance for advancing rechargeable battery research. In this regard, the synchrotron X-ray tomography technique, which enables non-destructive, multi-scale, and 3D imaging of a variety of electrode components before/during/after battery operation, becomes an essential tool to deepen this understanding. The past few years have witnessed an increasingly growing interest in applying this technique in battery research. Hence, it is time to not only summarize the already obtained battery-related knowledge by using this technique, but also to present a fundamental elucidation of this technique to boost future studies in battery research. To this end, this review firstly introduces the fundamental principles and experimental setups of the synchrotron X-ray tomography technique. After that, a user guide to its application in battery research and examples of its applications in research of various types of batteries are presented. The current review ends with a discussion of the future opportunities of this technique for next-generation rechargeable batteries research. It is expected that this review can enhance the reader's understanding of the synchrotron X-ray tomography technique and stimulate new ideas and opportunities in battery research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengcheng Tang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhibin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Osenberg
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Hilger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kang Dong
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Markötter
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Manke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fu Sun
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Libao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Guanglei Cui
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ho AS, Parkinson DY, Finegan DP, Trask SE, Jansen AN, Tong W, Balsara NP. 3D Detection of Lithiation and Lithium Plating in Graphite Anodes during Fast Charging. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10480-10487. [PMID: 34110144 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A barrier to the widespread adoption of electric vehicles is enabling fast charging lithium-ion batteries. At normal charging rates, lithium ions intercalate into the graphite electrode. At high charging rates, lithiation is inhomogeneous, and metallic lithium can plate on the graphite particles, reducing capacity and causing safety concerns. We have built a cell for conducting high-resolution in situ X-ray microtomography experiments to quantify three-dimensional lithiation inhomogeneity and lithium plating. Our studies reveal an unexpected correlation between these two phenomena. During fast charging, a layer of mossy lithium metal plates at the graphite electrode-separator interface. The transport bottlenecks resulting from this layer lead to underlithiated graphite particles well-removed from the separator, near the current collector. These underlithiated particles lie directly underneath the mossy lithium, suggesting that lithium plating inhibits further lithiation of the underlying electrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec S Ho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dilworth Y Parkinson
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Donal P Finegan
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Stephen E Trask
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrew N Jansen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Wei Tong
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nitash P Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kochetov V, Mühlbauer MJ, Schökel A, Fischer T, Müller T, Hofmann M, Staron P, Lienert U, Petry W, Senyshyn A. Powder diffraction computed tomography: a combined synchrotron and neutron study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:105901. [PMID: 33237884 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abcdb0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diffraction and imaging using x-rays and neutrons are widely utilized in different fields of engineering, biology, chemistry and/or materials science. The additional information gained from the diffraction signal by x-ray diffraction and computed tomography (XRD-CT) can give this method a distinct advantage in materials science applications compared to classical tomography. Its active development over the last decade revealed structural details in a non-destructive way with unprecedented sensitivity. In the current contribution an attempt to adopt the well-established XRD-CT technique for neutron diffraction computed tomography (ND-CT) is reported. A specially designed 'phantom', an object displaying adaptable contrast sufficient for both XRD-CT and ND-CT, was used for method validation. The feasibility of ND-CT is demonstrated, and it is also shown that the ND-CT technique is capable to provide a non-destructive view into the interior of the 'phantom' delivering structural information consistent with a reference XRD-CT experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Kochetov
- Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz FRM II, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching b. München, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin J Mühlbauer
- Deutsches Patent-und Markenamt, Zweibrückenstraße 12, D-80331 München, Germany
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alexander Schökel
- Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz FRM II, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching b. München, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torben Fischer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Timo Müller
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hofmann
- Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz FRM II, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Peter Staron
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lienert
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Petry
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Anatoliy Senyshyn
- Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz FRM II, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Real-time tomographic diffraction imaging of catalytic membrane reactors for the oxidative coupling of methane. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
19
|
Ziesche RF, Tremsin AS, Huang C, Tan C, Grant PS, Storm M, Brett DJL, Shearing PR, Kockelmann W. 4D Bragg Edge Tomography of Directional Ice Templated Graphite Electrodes. J Imaging 2020; 6:136. [PMID: 34460533 PMCID: PMC8321197 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging6120136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bragg edge tomography was carried out on novel, ultra-thick, directional ice templated graphite electrodes for Li-ion battery cells to visualise the distribution of graphite and stable lithiation phases, namely LiC12 and LiC6. The four-dimensional Bragg edge, wavelength-resolved neutron tomography technique allowed the investigation of the crystallographic lithiation states and comparison with the electrode state of charge. The tomographic imaging technique provided insight into the crystallographic changes during de-/lithiation over the electrode thickness by mapping the attenuation curves and Bragg edge parameters with a spatial resolution of approximately 300 µm. This feasibility study was performed on the IMAT beamline at the ISIS pulsed neutron spallation source, UK, and was the first time the 4D Bragg edge tomography method was applied to Li-ion battery electrodes. The utility of the technique was further enhanced by correlation with corresponding X-ray tomography data obtained at the Diamond Light Source, UK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf F. Ziesche
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, UK; (R.F.Z.); (C.T.); (D.J.L.B.); (P.R.S.)
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, UK;
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK;
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), ISIS Facility, Harwell OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Anton S. Tremsin
- Space Science Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Chun Huang
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK;
- Department of Engineering, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Chun Tan
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, UK; (R.F.Z.); (C.T.); (D.J.L.B.); (P.R.S.)
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, UK;
| | - Patrick S. Grant
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, UK;
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK;
| | - Malte Storm
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK;
| | - Dan J. L. Brett
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, UK; (R.F.Z.); (C.T.); (D.J.L.B.); (P.R.S.)
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, UK;
| | - Paul R. Shearing
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, UK; (R.F.Z.); (C.T.); (D.J.L.B.); (P.R.S.)
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, UK;
| | - Winfried Kockelmann
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), ISIS Facility, Harwell OX11 0QX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vamvakeros A, Coelho AA, Matras D, Dong H, Odarchenko Y, Price SWT, Butler KT, Gutowski O, Dippel AC, Zimmermann M, Martens I, Drnec J, Beale AM, Jacques SDM. DLSR: a solution to the parallax artefact in X-ray diffraction computed tomography data. J Appl Crystallogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720013576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A new tomographic reconstruction algorithm is presented, termed direct least-squares reconstruction (DLSR), which solves the well known parallax problem in X-ray-scattering-based experiments. The parallax artefact arises from relatively large samples where X-rays, scattered from a scattering angle 2θ, arrive at multiple detector elements. This phenomenon leads to loss of physico-chemical information associated with diffraction peak shape and position (i.e. altering the calculated crystallite size and lattice parameter values, respectively) and is currently the major barrier to investigating samples and devices at the centimetre level (scale-up problem). The accuracy of the DLSR algorithm has been tested against simulated and experimental X-ray diffraction computed tomography data using the TOPAS software.
Collapse
|
21
|
Using In-Situ Laboratory and Synchrotron-Based X-ray Diffraction for Lithium-Ion Batteries Characterization: A Review on Recent Developments. CONDENSED MATTER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat5040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Renewable technologies, and in particular the electric vehicle revolution, have generated tremendous pressure for the improvement of lithium ion battery performance. To meet the increasingly high market demand, challenges include improving the energy density, extending cycle life and enhancing safety. In order to address these issues, a deep understanding of both the physical and chemical changes of battery materials under working conditions is crucial for linking degradation processes to their origins in material properties and their electrochemical signatures. In situ and operando synchrotron-based X-ray techniques provide powerful tools for battery materials research, allowing a deep understanding of structural evolution, redox processes and transport properties during cycling. In this review, in situ synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction methods are discussed in detail with an emphasis on recent advancements in improving the spatial and temporal resolution. The experimental approaches reviewed here include cell designs and materials, as well as beamline experimental setup details. Finally, future challenges and opportunities for battery technologies are discussed.
Collapse
|
22
|
Balou S, Babak SE, Priye A. Synergistic Effect of Nitrogen Doping and Ultra-Microporosity on the Performance of Biomass and Microalgae-Derived Activated Carbons for CO 2 Capture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:42711-42722. [PMID: 32845602 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a unique naturally derived activated carbon with optimally incorporated nitrogen functional groups and ultra-microporous structure to enable high CO2 adsorption capacity. The coprocessing of biomass (Citrus aurantium waste leaves) and microalgae (Spirulina) as the N-doping agent was investigated by probing the parameter space (biomass/microalgae weight ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time) of hydrothermal carbonization and activation process (via the ZnCl2/CO2 activation) to generate hydrochars and activated carbons, respectively, with tunable nitrogen content and pore sizes. The central composite-based design of the experiment was applied to optimize the parameters of the prehydrothermal carbonization procedure resulting in the fabrication of N-enriched carbonaceous products with the highest possible mass yield and nitrogen content. The resulting hydrochars and activated carbon samples were characterized using elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis. We observe that while N-doping and the activation process can individually enhance the CO2 adsorption capacity to some extent, it is the combined effect of the two processes that synergistically work to greatly increase the adsorption capacity of the N-doped activated carbon by an amount which is more than the sum of individual contributions. We analyze the origins of this synergy with both physical and chemical characterization techniques. The resulting naturally derived activated carbon demonstrates one of the highest CO2 adsorption capacities (8.43 mmol/g) with rapid adsorption kinetics and good selectivity and reusability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salar Balou
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Seyedeh E Babak
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Aashish Priye
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Daemi SR, Tan C, Vamvakeros A, Heenan TMM, Finegan DP, Di Michiel M, Beale AM, Cookson J, Petrucco E, Weaving JS, Jacques S, Jervis R, Brett DJL, Shearing PR. Exploring cycling induced crystallographic change in NMC with X-ray diffraction computed tomography. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17814-17823. [PMID: 32582898 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the application of X-ray diffraction computed tomography for the first time to analyze the crystal dimensions of LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 electrodes cycled to 4.2 and 4.7 V in full cells with graphite as negative electrodes at 1 μm spatial resolution to determine the change in unit cell dimensions as a result of electrochemical cycling. The nature of the technique permits the spatial localization of the diffraction information in 3D and mapping of heterogeneities from the electrode to the particle level. An overall decrease of 0.4% and 0.6% was observed for the unit cell volume after 100 cycles for the electrodes cycled to 4.2 and 4.7 V. Additionally, focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope cross-sections indicate extensive particle cracking as a function of upper cut-off voltage, further confirming that severe cycling stresses exacerbate degradation. Finally, the technique facilitates the detection of parts of the electrode that have inhomogeneous lattice parameters that deviate from the bulk of the sample, further highlighting the effectiveness of the technique as a diagnostic tool, bridging the gap between crystal structure and electrochemical performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab R Daemi
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK.
| | - Chun Tan
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK. and The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
| | - Antonis Vamvakeros
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France and Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East Saint Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK. and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Thomas M M Heenan
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK. and The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
| | - Donal P Finegan
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Marco Di Michiel
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Andrew M Beale
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East Saint Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK. and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK and Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK
| | - James Cookson
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court Road, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, UK
| | - Enrico Petrucco
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court Road, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, UK
| | - Julia S Weaving
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK.
| | - Simon Jacques
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East Saint Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK.
| | - Rhodri Jervis
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK. and The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
| | - Dan J L Brett
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK. and The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
| | - Paul R Shearing
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK. and The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang C, Feng Z, Pei F, Fu A, Qu B, Chen X, Fang X, Kang H, Cui J. Understanding Protection Mechanisms of Graphene-Encapsulated Silicon Anodes with Operando Raman Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:35532-35541. [PMID: 32660235 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-coated silicon micro- and nanostructures have been widely used as composite anodes for lithium-ion batteries combining the benefits of high theoretical capacity of Si and better conductivity of carbon. To optimize structures that allow the Si volume expansion without losing the electrical connection, a detailed carbon protection mechanism is desired. We fabricate a network of interconnected sandwich branches with a silicon thin film encapsulated between a porous 3-dimensional graphene foam and graphene drapes (so-called a graphene ensemble). This prototype binder-free anode, of great mechanical strength and composed of only silicon and few-layer graphene, provides distinct signals under operando Raman spectroscopy. During electrochemical cycles, the graphene G peak shows variation of peak position and intensity, while the 2D peak experiences a negligible shift from limited deformation. Silicon displays excellent structural reversibility under the sandwich protection, validating the functions of graphenic carbon coating. This specific graphene ensemble can also serve as an experimental scaffold for mechanical and chemical analysis of many active materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Huang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Rd. Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhijun Feng
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Rd. Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Fei Pei
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Rd. Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Ang Fu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Rd. Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Baihua Qu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Rd. Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Rd. Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xiaoliang Fang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Rd. Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Huaizhi Kang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Rd. Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jingqin Cui
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Rd. Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Real-time multi-length scale chemical tomography of fixed bed reactors during the oxidative coupling of methane reaction. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
26
|
Finegan DP, Vamvakeros A, Tan C, Heenan TMM, Daemi SR, Seitzman N, Di Michiel M, Jacques S, Beale AM, Brett DJL, Shearing PR, Smith K. Spatial quantification of dynamic inter and intra particle crystallographic heterogeneities within lithium ion electrodes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:631. [PMID: 32005812 PMCID: PMC6994469 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of lithium ion electrodes is hindered by unfavorable chemical heterogeneities that pre-exist or develop during operation. Time-resolved spatial descriptions are needed to understand the link between such heterogeneities and a cell's performance. Here, operando high-resolution X-ray diffraction-computed tomography is used to spatially and temporally quantify crystallographic heterogeneities within and between particles throughout both fresh and degraded LixMn2O4 electrodes. This imaging technique facilitates identification of stoichiometric differences between particles and stoichiometric gradients and phase heterogeneities within particles. Through radial quantification of phase fractions, the response of distinct particles to lithiation is found to vary; most particles contain localized regions that transition to rock salt LiMnO2 within the first cycle. Other particles contain monoclinic Li2MnO3 near the surface and almost pure spinel LixMn2O4 near the core. Following 150 cycles, concentrations of LiMnO2 and Li2MnO3 significantly increase and widely vary between particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donal P Finegan
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Antonis Vamvakeros
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France. .,Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK. .,Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Chun Tan
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.,The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
| | - Thomas M M Heenan
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.,The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
| | - Sohrab R Daemi
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Natalie Seitzman
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.,Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Marco Di Michiel
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Simon Jacques
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK
| | - Andrew M Beale
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK.,Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Dan J L Brett
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.,The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
| | - Paul R Shearing
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK. .,The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK.
| | - Kandler Smith
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| |
Collapse
|