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Pres S, Kontschak L, Hensen M, Brixner T. Coherent 2D electronic spectroscopy with complete characterization of excitation pulses during all scanning steps. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:4191-4209. [PMID: 33771004 DOI: 10.1364/oe.414452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coherent two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectroscopy has become a standard tool in ultrafast science. Thus it is relevant to consider the accuracy of data considering both experimental imperfections and theoretical assumptions about idealized conditions. It is already known that chirped excitation pulses can affect 2D line shapes. In the present work, we demonstrate performance-efficient, automated characterization of the full electric field of each individual multipulse sequence employed during a 2D scanning procedure. Using Fourier-transform spectral interferometry, we analyze how the temporal intensity and phase profile varies from scanning step to scanning step and extract relevant pulse-sequence parameters. This takes into account both random and systematic variations during the scan that may be caused, for example, by femtosecond pulse-shaping artifacts. Using the characterized fields, we simulate and compare 2D spectra obtained with idealized and real shapes obtained from an LCD-based pulse shaper. Exemplarily, we consider fluorescence of a molecular dimer and multiphoton photoemission of a plasmonic nanoslit. The deviations from pulse-shaper artifacts in our specific case do not distort strongly the population-based multidimensional data. The characterization procedure is applicable to other pulses-shaping technologies or excitation geometries, including also pump-probe geometry with multipulse excitation and coherent detection, and allows for accurate consideration of realistic optical excitation fields at all inter-pulse time-delays.
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Maccaferri N, Meuret S, Kornienko N, Jariwala D. Speeding up Nanoscience and Nanotechnology with Ultrafast Plasmonics. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5593-5596. [PMID: 32787183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmons are collective oscillations of free electrons at the interface between a conducting material and the dielectric environment. These excitations support the formation of strongly enhanced and confined electromagnetic fields. As well, they display fast dynamics lasting tens of femtoseconds and can lead to a strong nonlinear optical response at the nanoscale. Thus, they represent the perfect tool to drive and control fast optical processes, such as ultrafast optical switching, single photon emission, as well as strong coupling interactions to explore and tailor photochemical reactions. In this Virtual Issue, we gather several important papers published in Nano Letters in the past decade reporting studies on the ultrafast dynamics of surface plasmons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Maccaferri
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Université du Luxembourg, 162a avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sophie Meuret
- CEMES, CNRS - UPR8011, Université de Toulouse, 31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Nikolay Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Roger-Gaudry Building, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Da Browski M, Dai Y, Petek H. Ultrafast Photoemission Electron Microscopy: Imaging Plasmons in Space and Time. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6247-6287. [PMID: 32530607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonics is a rapidly growing field spanning research and applications across chemistry, physics, optics, energy harvesting, and medicine. Ultrafast photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) has demonstrated unprecedented power in the characterization of surface plasmons and other electronic excitations, as it uniquely combines the requisite spatial and temporal resolution, making it ideally suited for 3D space and time coherent imaging of the dynamical plasmonic phenomena on the nanofemto scale. The ability to visualize plasmonic fields evolving at the local speed of light on subwavelength scale with optical phase resolution illuminates old phenomena and opens new directions for growth of plasmonics research. In this review, we guide the reader thorough experimental description of PEEM as a characterization tool for both surface plasmon polaritons and localized plasmons and summarize the exciting progress it has opened by the ultrafast imaging of plasmonic phenomena on the nanofemto scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Da Browski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QL, U.K
| | - Yanan Dai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Hrvoje Petek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Huber B, Pres S, Wittmann E, Dietrich L, Lüttig J, Fersch D, Krauss E, Friedrich D, Kern J, Lisinetskii V, Hensen M, Hecht B, Bratschitsch R, Riedle E, Brixner T. Space- and time-resolved UV-to-NIR surface spectroscopy and 2D nanoscopy at 1 MHz repetition rate. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:113103. [PMID: 31779407 DOI: 10.1063/1.5115322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe a setup for time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy with aberration correction enabling 3 nm spatial resolution and sub-20 fs temporal resolution. The latter is realized by our development of a widely tunable (215-970 nm) noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) at 1 MHz repetition rate. We discuss several exemplary applications. Efficient photoemission from plasmonic Au nanoresonators is investigated with phase-coherent pulse pairs from an actively stabilized interferometer. More complex excitation fields are created with a liquid-crystal-based pulse shaper enabling amplitude and phase shaping of NOPA pulses with spectral components from 600 to 800 nm. With this system we demonstrate spectroscopy within a single plasmonic nanoslit resonator by spectral amplitude shaping and investigate the local field dynamics with coherent two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy at the nanometer length scale ("2D nanoscopy"). We show that the local response varies across a distance as small as 33 nm in our sample. Further, we report two-color pump-probe experiments using two independent NOPA beamlines. We extract local variations of the excited-state dynamics of a monolayered 2D material (WSe2) that we correlate with low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and reflectivity measurements. Finally, we demonstrate the in situ sample preparation capabilities for organic thin films and their characterization via spatially resolved electron diffraction and dark-field LEEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Huber
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pres
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wittmann
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Lysanne Dietrich
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Lüttig
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Fersch
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Enno Krauss
- NanoOptics & Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Friedrich
- NanoOptics & Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kern
- Institute of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Victor Lisinetskii
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hensen
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bert Hecht
- NanoOptics & Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Bratschitsch
- Institute of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Eberhard Riedle
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Gliserin A, Chew SH, Choi S, Kim K, Hallinan DT, Oh JW, Kim S, Kim DE. Interferometric time- and energy-resolved photoemission electron microscopy for few-femtosecond nanoplasmonic dynamics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:093904. [PMID: 31575236 DOI: 10.1063/1.5110705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a time-resolved normal-incidence photoemission electron microscope with an imaging time-of-flight detector using ∼7-fs near-infrared laser pulses and a phase-stabilized interferometer for studying ultrafast nanoplasmonic dynamics via nonlinear photoemission from metallic nanostructures. The interferometer's stability (35 ± 6 as root-mean-square from 0.2 Hz to 40 kHz) as well as on-line characterization of the driving laser field, which is a requirement for nanoplasmonic near-field reconstruction, is discussed in detail. We observed strong field enhancement and few-femtosecond localized surface plasmon lifetimes at a monolayer of self-assembled gold nanospheres with ∼40 nm diameter and ∼2 nm interparticle distance. A wide range of plasmon resonance frequencies could be simultaneously detected in the time domain at different nanospheres, which are distinguishable already within the first optical cycle or as close as about ±1 fs around time-zero. Energy-resolved imaging (microspectroscopy) additionally revealed spectral broadening due to strong-field or space charge effects. These results provide a clear path toward visualizing optically excited nanoplasmonic near-fields at ultimate spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gliserin
- Department of Physics, Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Soo Hoon Chew
- Department of Physics, Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Sungho Choi
- Department of Physics, Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Kyoungmin Kim
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Department, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Daniel T Hallinan
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Department, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Jin-Woo Oh
- Department of Nano Energy Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Seungchul Kim
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Dong Eon Kim
- Department of Physics, Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang 37673, South Korea
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