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Hoffmann E, Masthoff M, Kunz WG, Seidensticker M, Bobe S, Gerwing M, Berdel WE, Schliemann C, Faber C, Wildgruber M. Multiparametric MRI for characterization of the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:428-448. [PMID: 38641651 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Our understanding of tumour biology has evolved over the past decades and cancer is now viewed as a complex ecosystem with interactions between various cellular and non-cellular components within the tumour microenvironment (TME) at multiple scales. However, morphological imaging remains the mainstay of tumour staging and assessment of response to therapy, and the characterization of the TME with non-invasive imaging has not yet entered routine clinical practice. By combining multiple MRI sequences, each providing different but complementary information about the TME, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) enables non-invasive assessment of molecular and cellular features within the TME, including their spatial and temporal heterogeneity. With an increasing number of advanced MRI techniques bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical applications, mpMRI could ultimately guide the selection of treatment approaches, precisely tailored to each individual patient, tumour and therapeutic modality. In this Review, we describe the evolving role of mpMRI in the non-invasive characterization of the TME, outline its applications for cancer detection, staging and assessment of response to therapy, and discuss considerations and challenges for its use in future medical applications, including personalized integrated diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hoffmann
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Max Masthoff
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang G Kunz
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Max Seidensticker
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bobe
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mirjam Gerwing
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Cornelius Faber
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Wilken E, Havlas A, Masthoff M, Moussavi A, Boretius S, Faber C. Radial compressed sensing imaging improves the velocity detection limit of single cell tracking time-lapse MRI. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1449-1463. [PMID: 38044790 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Time-lapse MRI enables tracking of single iron-labeled cells. Yet, due to temporal blurring, only slowly moving cells can be resolved. To study faster cells for example during inflammatory processes, accelerated acquisition is needed. METHODS A rotating phantom system was developed to quantitatively measure the current maximum detectable speed of cells in time-lapse MRI. For accelerated cell tracking, an interleaved radial acquisition scheme was applied to phantom and murine brain in vivo time-lapse MRI experiments at 9.4 T. Detection of iron-labeled cells was evaluated in fully sampled and undersampled reconstructions with and without compressed sensing. RESULTS The rotating phantom system enabled ultra-slow rotation of phantoms and a velocity detection limit of full-brain Cartesian time-lapse MRI of up to 172 μm/min was determined. Both phantom and in vivo measurements showed that single cells can be followed dynamically using radial time-lapse MRI. Higher temporal resolution of undersampled reconstructions reduced geometric distortion, the velocity detection limit was increased to 1.1 mm/min in vitro, and previously hidden fast-moving cells were recovered. In the mouse brain after in vivo labeling, a total of 42 ± 4 cells were counted in fully sampled, but only 7 ± 1 in undersampled images due to streaking artifacts. Using compressed sensing 33 ± 4 cells were detected. CONCLUSION Interleaved radial time-lapse MRI permits retrospective reconstruction of both fully sampled and accelerated images, enables single cell tracking at higher temporal resolution and recovers cells hidden before due to blurring. The velocity detection limit as determined with the rotating phantom system increased two- to three-fold compared to previous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Wilken
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Asli Havlas
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Max Masthoff
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Amir Moussavi
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susann Boretius
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Armstrong M, Wilken E, Freppon F, Masthoff M, Faber C, Xiao D. Dynamic cell tracking using time-lapse MRI with variable temporal resolution Cartesian sampling. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:2443-2453. [PMID: 37466029 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Temporal resolution of time-lapse MRI to track individual iron-labeled cells is limited by the required data-acquisition time to fill k-space and to reach sufficient SNR. Although motion of slowly patrolling monocytes can be resolved, detection of fast-moving immune cells requires improved acquisition and reconstruction strategies. THEORY AND METHODS For accelerated MRI cell tracking, a Cartesian sampling scheme was designed, in which the fully sampled and undersampled k-space data for different acceleration factors were acquired simultaneously, and multiple undersampling ratios could be chosen retrospectively. Compressed-sensing reconstruction was applied using dictionary learning and low-rank constraints. Detection of iron-labeled monocytes was evaluated with simulations, rotating phantom experiments and in vivo mouse brain measurements at 9.4 T. RESULTS Fully sampled and 2.4-times and 4.8-times accelerated images were reconstructed and had sufficient contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for single cells to be resolved and followed dynamically. The phantom experiments showed an improvement in CNR of 6.1% per μm/s in the 4.8-times undersampled images. Geometric distortion of cells caused by motion was visibly reduced in the accelerated images, which enabled detection of moving cells with velocities of up to 7.0 μm/s. In vivo, additional cells were resolved in the accelerated images due to the improved temporal resolution. CONCLUSION The easy-to-implement flexible Cartesian sampling scheme with compressed-sensing reconstruction permits simultaneous acquisition of both fully sampled and high temporal resolution images. The CNR of moving cells is effectively improved, enabling the recovery of high velocity cells with sufficient contrast at virtually no cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Armstrong
- Physics Department, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
| | - Enrica Wilken
- Clinic for Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Freppon
- Clinic for Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Max Masthoff
- Clinic for Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Clinic for Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dan Xiao
- Physics Department, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
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Van de Walle A, Figuerola A, Espinosa A, Abou-Hassan A, Estrader M, Wilhelm C. Emergence of magnetic nanoparticles in photothermal and ferroptotic therapies. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4757-4775. [PMID: 37740347 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00831b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
With their distinctive physicochemical features, nanoparticles have gained recognition as effective multifunctional tools for biomedical applications, with designs and compositions tailored for specific uses. Notably, magnetic nanoparticles stand out as first-in-class examples of multiple modalities provided by the iron-based composition. They have long been exploited as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or as anti-cancer agents generating therapeutic hyperthermia through high-frequency magnetic field application, known as magnetic hyperthermia (MHT). This review focuses on two more recent applications in oncology using iron-based nanomaterials: photothermal therapy (PTT) and ferroptosis. In PTT, the iron oxide core responds to a near-infrared (NIR) excitation and generates heat in its surrounding area, rivaling the efficiency of plasmonic gold-standard nanoparticles. This opens up the possibility of a dual MHT + PTT approach using a single nanomaterial. Moreover, the iron composition of magnetic nanoparticles can be harnessed as a chemotherapeutic asset. Degradation in the intracellular environment triggers the release of iron ions, which can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce cancer cell death through ferroptosis. Consequently, this review emphasizes these emerging physical and chemical approaches for anti-cancer therapy facilitated by magnetic nanoparticles, combining all-in-one functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Van de Walle
- Laboratory Physical Chemistry Curie (PCC), UMR168, Curie Institute and CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Albert Figuerola
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB), Martí i Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ali Abou-Hassan
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8234, Physico-chimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux (PHENIX), F-75005, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Cedex 05, Paris, France
| | - Marta Estrader
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB), Martí i Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratory Physical Chemistry Curie (PCC), UMR168, Curie Institute and CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
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Kittilukkana A, Phatruengdet T, Intakhad J, Chariyakornkul A, Wongpoomchai R, Pilapong C. Molecular Nanoparticles of Ferric–Tannic Complexes Enhance Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Activate Brain Clearance Pathways. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12960-12970. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiyarin Kittilukkana
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Department of Radiologic Technology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging (CEMI), Chiang Mai University, 50200 Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thipjutha Phatruengdet
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Department of Radiologic Technology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging (CEMI), Chiang Mai University, 50200 Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jannarong Intakhad
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Department of Radiologic Technology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging (CEMI), Chiang Mai University, 50200 Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Arpamas Chariyakornkul
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Chiang Mai University, 50200 Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Rawiwan Wongpoomchai
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Chiang Mai University, 50200 Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chalermchai Pilapong
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Department of Radiologic Technology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging (CEMI), Chiang Mai University, 50200 Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Gannot I. A multimodal nanoparticles‐based theranostic method and system. WIRES NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1796. [PMID: 35434929 PMCID: PMC9541245 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We propose a nanoparticles‐based system for the early detection of tumors, treatment under real‐time feedback, and monitoring. The building blocks of the system comprise a few modalities that are integrated into one powerful system which can operate at the patient's bedside in an outpatient clinic setting. The method relies on the unique characteristics of superparamagnetic nanoparticles. It takes advantage of their ability to produce acoustical signals under alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) and to produce heat under these same AMFs with different parameters. It utilizes the nanoparticles' coating for specific binding. The manuscript describes the various parts of this method for localization, source separation, confined heat elevation, triggering of cell death, and monitoring the response to treatment through fluorescence signaling. The entire system continues to evolve into a minimally invasive trans‐endoscopic set‐up. This article is categorized under:Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Gannot
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering Tel‐Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
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Wang Y, Wei X, Liu JH, Wu CX, Zhang X, Chen ML, Wang JH. Cryogenic Laser Ablation in a Rapid Cooling Chamber Ensures Excellent Elemental Imaging in Fresh Biological Tissues. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8547-8553. [PMID: 35653437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry imaging of biologically significant targets largely relies on maintaining the original structures of samples. The temperature regulation capability of the ablation cell is crucial. Herein, a rapid cooling cryogenic sample cell (RCCSC) was developed. In the RCCSC chamber, the temperature reduces to -20 °C in 4 min with a minimum 10 h variation of ±0.1 °C at -26 °C. Improvements on the precision were achieved for the elements of interest in NIST 612 and spiked agarose gel under cryogenic conditions. The limits of detection improved by up to 1.57, 1.70, 3.26, and 1.33 fold for 63Cu, 66Zn, 57Fe, and 140Ce in agarose gel, respectively, were obtained under cryogenic conditions compared with those at room temperature. In a time period of testing (10 h), the cryogenic ablation maintains the native state of biological tissues with a high water content to ensure better elemental imaging by reducing thermal effects in ablation and suppressing evaporation of water. The rapid cooling cryogenic ablation significantly improves elemental imaging, as demonstrated by the imaging of various elements in coriander leaves. The present study may provide further insights into elemental distributions in fresh biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jin-Hui Liu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Wu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Ming-Li Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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Schwarz C, Buchholz R, Jawad M, Hoesker V, Terwesten-Solé C, Karst U, Linsen L, Vogl T, Hoerr V, Wildgruber M, Faber C. Fingerprints of Element Concentrations in Infective Endocarditis Obtained by Mass Spectrometric Imaging and t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:360-372. [PMID: 35045258 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus-induced infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening disease. Differences in virulence between distinct S. aureus strains, which are partly based on the molecular mechanisms during bacterial adhesion, are not fully understood. Yet, distinct molecular or elemental patterns, occurring during specific steps in the adhesion process, may help to identify novel targets for accelerated diagnosis or improved treatment. Here, we use laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of post-mortem tissue slices of an established mouse model of IE to obtain fingerprints of element distributions in infected aortic valve tissue. Three S. aureus strains with different virulence due to deficiency in distinct adhesion molecules (fibronectin-binding protein A and staphylococcal protein A) were used to assess strain-specific patterns. Data analysis was performed by t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) of mass spectrometry imaging data, using manual reference tissue classification in histological specimens. This procedure allowed for obtaining distinct element patterns in infected tissue for all three bacterial strains and for comparing those to patterns observed in healthy mice or after sterile inflammation of the valve. In tissue from infected mice, increased concentrations of calcium, zinc, and magnesium were observed compared to noninfected mice. Between S. aureus strains, pronounced variations were observed for manganese. The presented approach is sensitive for detection of S. aureus infection. For strain-specific tissue characterization, however, further improvements such as establishing a database with elemental fingerprints may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schwarz
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rebecca Buchholz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Muhammad Jawad
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Vanessa Hoesker
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lars Linsen
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Hoerr
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department for Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Masthoff M, Freppon FN, Zondler L, Wilken E, Wachsmuth L, Niemann S, Schwarz C, Fredrich I, Havlas A, Block H, Gerwing M, Helfen A, Heindel W, Zarbock A, Wildgruber M, Faber C. Resolving immune cells with patrolling behaviour by magnetic resonance time-lapse single cell tracking. EBioMedicine 2021; 73:103670. [PMID: 34742131 PMCID: PMC8581510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune cells show distinct motion patterns that change upon inflammatory stimuli. Monocytes patrol the vasculature to screen for pathogens, thereby exerting an early task of innate immunity. Here, we aimed to non-invasively analyse single patrolling monocyte behaviour upon inflammatory stimuli. METHODS We used time-lapse Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the murine brain to dynamically track single patrolling monocytes within the circulation distant to the actual site of inflammation in different inflammatory conditions, ranging from a subcutaneous pellet model to severe peritonitis and bacteraemia. FINDINGS Single patrolling immune cells with a velocity of <1 µm/s could be detected and followed dynamically using time-lapse MRI. We show, that due to local and systemic stimuli the slowly patrolling behaviour of monocytes is altered systemically and differs with type, duration and strength of the underlying stimulus. INTERPRETATION Using time-lapse MRI, it is now possible to investigate the behaviour of single circulating monocytes over the course of the systemic immune response. Monocyte patrolling behaviour is altered systemically even before the onset of clinical symptoms distant to and depending on the underlying inflammatory stimulus. FUNDING This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - CRC 1009 - 194468054 to AZ, CF and - CRC 1450 - 431460824 to MM, SN, HB, AZ, CF, the Joachim Herz Foundation (Add-on Fellowship for Interdisciplinary Life Sciences to MM), the Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF, core unit PIX) and the Medical Faculty of the University of Muenster (MEDK fellowship to FF and IF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Masthoff
- Clinic for Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Centre, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Felix Noah Freppon
- Clinic for Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Centre, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lisa Zondler
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Enrica Wilken
- Clinic for Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Centre, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lydia Wachsmuth
- Clinic for Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Centre, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Silke Niemann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Schwarz
- Clinic for Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Centre, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ina Fredrich
- Clinic for Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Centre, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Asli Havlas
- Clinic for Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Centre, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Helena Block
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Mirjam Gerwing
- Clinic for Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Centre, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Anne Helfen
- Clinic for Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Centre, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Walter Heindel
- Clinic for Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Centre, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Clinic for Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Centre, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Clinic for Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Centre, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Xu Y, Liu X, Li Y, Dou H, Liang H, Hou Y. SPION-MSCs enhance therapeutic efficacy in sepsis by regulating MSC-expressed TRAF1-dependent macrophage polarization. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:531. [PMID: 34627385 PMCID: PMC8501658 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The liver has a crucial role in sepsis and is also a target for sepsis-related injury. Macrophage polarization between the M1 and M2 types is involved in the progression and resolution of both inflammation and liver injury. Iron oxide-based synthetic nanoparticles (SPIONs) can be used as antibacterial agents to regulate the inflammatory response. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, sepsis, and other diseases. However, to date, both the effects of SPIONs on MSCs and the fate of SPION-labelled MSCs in sepsis and other diseases are still unclear. Methods Mice were subjected to caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction to develop sepsis models. The CLP or LPS models were treated with MSCs or SPION-labelled/pretreated MSCs (SPION-MSCs). Bone marrow (BM)-derived macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells were cocultured with MSCs or SPION-MSCs under different conditions. Flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Results We found that SPIONs did not affect the basic characteristics of MSCs. SPIONs promoted the survival of MSCs by upregulating HO-1 expression under inflammatory conditions. SPION-MSCs enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of liver injury in both the CLP- and LPS-induced mouse models of sepsis. Moreover, the protective effect of SPION-MSCs against sepsis-induced liver injury was related to macrophages. Systemic depletion of macrophages reduced the efficacy of SPION-MSC therapy. Furthermore, SPION-MSCs promoted macrophages to polarize towards the M2 phenotype under sepsis-induced liver injury in mice. The enhanced polarization towards M2 macrophages was attributed to their phagocytosis of SPION-MSCs. SPION-MSC-expressed TRAF1 was critical for promotion of macrophage polarization and alleviation of sepsis in mice. Conclusion MSCs labelled/pretreated with SPIONs may be a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent or treat sepsis and sepsis-induced liver injury. Highlights SPIONs enhance the viability of MSCs by promoting HO-1 expression. SPION-labelled/pretreated MSCs effectively improve sepsis by regulating macrophage polarization to M2 macrophages. SPION-labelled/pretreated MSCs regulate macrophage polarization in a manner dependent on MSC-expressed TRAF1 protein.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02593-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xinghan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Huaping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Wound Infection and Drug, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Wang J, Mei T, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Wang Y, Wu M, Yang C, Zhong X, Chen B, Cui Z, Le W, Liu Z. Dual-targeted and MRI-guided photothermal therapy via iron-based nanoparticles-incorporated neutrophils. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3968-3978. [PMID: 33666216 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00127b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) has shown promising capability for tumor therapy through the high local temperature at the tumor site generated by a photothermal agent (PTA) under visible or near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Improving the accumulation of PTA at the tumor site is crucial to achieving effective photothermal treatment. Here, we developed temperature-activatable engineered neutrophils (Ne) by combining indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded magnetic silica NIR-sensitive nanoparticles (NSNP), which provide the potential for dual-targeted photothermal therapy. The combined effect of neutrophil targeting and magnetic targeting increased the accumulation of PTA at the tumor site. According to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the retention of intravenous injected NSNP-incorporated neutrophils within the tumor site was markedly augmented as compared to free NSNP. Furthermore, when irradiated by NIR, NSNP could cause a high local temperature at the tumor site and the thermal stimulation of neutrophils. The heat can kill tumor cells directly, and also lead to the death of neutrophils, upon which active substances with tumor-killing efficacy will be released to kill residual tumor cells and thus reduce tumor recurrence. Thereby, our therapy achieved the elimination of malignancy in the mouse model of the pancreatic tumor without recurrence. Given that all materials used in this system have been approved for use in humans, the transition of this treatment method to clinical application is plausible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine & School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Tianxiao Mei
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine & School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine & School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine & School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Ziliang Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine & School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yihui Hu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine & School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Minliang Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chuanxue Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine & School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiangdong Zhong
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine & School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Bingdi Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine & School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zheng Cui
- Departments of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Wenjun Le
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine & School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine & School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Doble PA, de Vega RG, Bishop DP, Hare DJ, Clases D. Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Biology. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11769-11822. [PMID: 34019411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elemental imaging gives insight into the fundamental chemical makeup of living organisms. Every cell on Earth is comprised of a complex and dynamic mixture of the chemical elements that define structure and function. Many disease states feature a disturbance in elemental homeostasis, and understanding how, and most importantly where, has driven the development of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) as the principal elemental imaging technique for biologists. This review provides an outline of ICP-MS technology, laser ablation cell designs, imaging workflows, and methods of quantification. Detailed examples of imaging applications including analyses of cancers, elemental uptake and accumulation, plant bioimaging, nanomaterials in the environment, and exposure science and neuroscience are presented and discussed. Recent incorporation of immunohistochemical workflows for imaging biomolecules, complementary and multimodal imaging techniques, and image processing methods is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Doble
- Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Raquel Gonzalez de Vega
- Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - David P Bishop
- Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Dominic J Hare
- Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David Clases
- Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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Kimm MA, Klenk C, Alunni-Fabbroni M, Kästle S, Stechele M, Ricke J, Eisenblätter M, Wildgruber M. Tumor-Associated Macrophages-Implications for Molecular Oncology and Imaging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040374. [PMID: 33918295 PMCID: PMC8066018 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the largest group of leukocytes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors and orchestrate the composition of anti- as well as pro-tumorigenic factors. This makes TAMs an excellent target for novel cancer therapies. The plasticity of TAMs resulting in varying membrane receptors and expression of intracellular proteins allow the specific characterization of different subsets of TAMs. Those markers similarly allow tracking of TAMs by different means of molecular imaging. This review aims to provides an overview of the origin of tumor-associated macrophages, their polarization in different subtypes, and how characteristic markers of the subtypes can be used as targets for molecular imaging and theranostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Kimm
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Christopher Klenk
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Marianna Alunni-Fabbroni
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Sophia Kästle
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Matthias Stechele
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Michel Eisenblätter
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Freiburg University Hospital, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0-89-4400-76640
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15
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Molecular Imaging of Immunity and Inflammation and Its Impact on Precision Medicine. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010062. [PMID: 33440667 PMCID: PMC7827949 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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16
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Van de Walle A, Kolosnjaj-Tabi J, Lalatonne Y, Wilhelm C. Ever-Evolving Identity of Magnetic Nanoparticles within Human Cells: The Interplay of Endosomal Confinement, Degradation, Storage, and Neocrystallization. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2212-2224. [PMID: 32935974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Considerable knowledge has been acquired in inorganic nanoparticles' synthesis and nanoparticles' potential use in biomedical applications. Among different materials, iron oxide nanoparticles remain unrivaled for several reasons. Not only do they respond to multiple physical stimuli (e.g., magnetism, light) and exert multifunctional therapeutic and diagnostic actions but also they are biocompatible and integrate endogenous iron-related metabolic pathways. With the aim to optimize the use of (magnetic) iron oxide nanoparticles in biomedicine, different biophysical phenomena have been recently identified and studied. Among them, the concept of a "nanoparticle's identity" is of particular importance. Nanoparticles' identities evolve in distinct biological environments and over different periods of time. In this Account, we focus on the remodeling of magnetic nanoparticles' identities following their journey inside cells. For instance, nanoparticles' functions, such as heat generation or magnetic resonance imaging, can be highly impacted by endosomal confinement. Structural degradation of nanoparticles was also evidenced and quantified in cellulo and correlates with the loss of magnetic nanoparticle properties. Remarkably, in human stem cells, the nonmagnetic products of nanoparticles' degradation could be subsequently reassembled into neosynthesized, endogenous magnetic nanoparticles. This stunning occurrence might account for the natural presence of magnetic particles in human organs, especially the brain. However, mechanistic details and the implication of such phenomena in homeostasis and disease have yet to be completely unraveled.This Account aims to assess the short- and long-term transformations of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in living cells, particularly focusing on human stem cells. Precisely, we herein overview the multiple and ever-evolving chemical, physical, and biological magnetic nanoparticles' identities and emphasize the remarkable intracellular fate of these nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Van de Walle
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, MSC, UMR 7057, CNRS & University of Paris, 75205, Paris, Cedex 13, France
| | - Jelena Kolosnjaj-Tabi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Yoann Lalatonne
- Inserm, U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France
- Services de Biochimie et Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Avicenne Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-93009 Bobigny, France
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, MSC, UMR 7057, CNRS & University of Paris, 75205, Paris, Cedex 13, France
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17
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Liang C, Zhang X, Cheng Z, Yang M, Huang W, Dong X. Magnetic iron oxide nanomaterials: A key player in cancer nanomedicine. VIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Xinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
| | - Zijin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Wei Huang
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) Xi'an China
| | - Xiaochen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China
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18
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Zhou J, Geng S, Ye W, Wang Q, Lou R, Yin Q, Du B, Yao H. ROS-boosted photodynamic therapy against metastatic melanoma by inhibiting the activity of antioxidase and oxygen-producing nano-dopants. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104885. [PMID: 32434051 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant effect weakens the ability of PDT to resist melanoma, and the hypoxic tumor environment further restricts the application of photosensitizers in tumors. Therefore, to enhance the ability of PDT to resist melanoma, we designed a sequential enhanced PDT theranostic platform (Au@MTM-HA). Firstly, the nanotherapeutic platform uses TiO2 as a photosensitizer, which is doped with MnO2 to form a mesoporous MTM. The MTM can continuously provide oxygen, thereby increasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reducing the metastatic effect by alleviating tumor hypoxia. Furthermore, the released Au25Sv9 could inhibit the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes and reduce the scavenging of ROS and further enhance the PDT effect. Simultaneously, surface-modified HA could not only recognize CD44 receptor but also act as a sealing agent for carriers. Result: Au@MTM-HA could explosively produce a 3-fold higher ROS and improve the PDT effect. Therefore, this work may provide strong evidence for Au@MTM-HA as a new and promising PDT candidate for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
| | - Shizhen Geng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Weiran Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Qiaolei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Rui Lou
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Qianwen Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
| | - Hanchun Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
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20
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Alizadeh K, Sun Q, McGuire T, Thompson T, Prato FS, Koropatnick J, Gelman N, Goldhawk DE. Hepcidin-mediated Iron Regulation in P19 Cells is Detectable by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3163. [PMID: 32081948 PMCID: PMC7035373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging can be used to track cellular activities in the body using iron-based contrast agents. However, multiple intrinsic cellular iron handling mechanisms may also influence the detection of magnetic resonance (MR) contrast: a need to differentiate among those mechanisms exists. In hepcidin-mediated inflammation, for example, downregulation of iron export in monocytes and macrophages involves post-translational degradation of ferroportin. We examined the influence of hepcidin endocrine activity on iron regulation and MR transverse relaxation rates in multi-potent P19 cells, which display high iron import and export activities, similar to alternatively-activated macrophages. Iron import and export were examined in cultured P19 cells in the presence and absence of iron-supplemented medium, respectively. Western blots indicated the levels of transferrin receptor, ferroportin and ubiquitin in the presence and absence of extracellular hepcidin. Total cellular iron was measured by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and correlated to transverse relaxation rates at 3 Tesla using a gelatin phantom. Under varying conditions of iron supplementation, the level of ferroportin in P19 cells responds to hepcidin regulation, consistent with degradation through a ubiquitin-mediated pathway. This response of P19 cells to hepcidin is similar to that of classically-activated macrophages. The correlation between total cellular iron content and MR transverse relaxation rates was different in hepcidin-treated and untreated P19 cells: slope, Pearson correlation coefficient and relaxation rate were all affected. These findings may provide a tool to non-invasively distinguish changes in endogenous iron contrast arising from hepcidin-ferroportin interactions, with potential utility in monitoring of different macrophage phenotypes involved in pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling. In addition, this work demonstrates that transverse relaxivity is not only influenced by the amount of cellular iron but also by its metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Alizadeh
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qin Sun
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tabitha McGuire
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terry Thompson
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Physics and Astronomy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank S Prato
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Physics and Astronomy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jim Koropatnick
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil Gelman
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna E Goldhawk
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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