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Zhou S, Li C, Zeng J, Lv J, Liao J, Wang H, Yan Q, Gu S. Al(OTf) 3-Catalyzed Regioselective N 2-Arylation of Tetrazoles with Diazo Compounds. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38773955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Regioselective methods to access alkylated tetrazoles still remain a challenging goal. Herein, we describe a novel regioselective protocol for N2-arylation of tetrazoles with diazo compounds using inexpensive Al(OTf)3. This reaction could be conducted under mild conditions to access a diverse array of alkylated tetrazoles with 2-substituted tetrazoles as the major products, demonstrating a comprehensive range of substrate compatibility and excellent functional group compatibility. Mechanistic studies revealed a carbene-free process in this reaction procedure. Furthermore, the scale-up reaction and transformations of the N2-arylation of tetrazole products demonstrated the potential of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jie Liao
- Hubei Industrial Technology Institute of Dye Intermediates, Shishou 434400, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Key laboratory of Green Chemcial Engineering Precess of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Qiongjiao Yan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Shuangxi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Key laboratory of Green Chemcial Engineering Precess of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430205, China
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Babu A, Sinha A. Catalytic Tetrazole Synthesis via [3+2] Cycloaddition of NaN 3 to Organonitriles Promoted by Co(II)-complex: Isolation and Characterization of a Co(II)-diazido Intermediate. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21626-21636. [PMID: 38764698 PMCID: PMC11097157 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The [3+2] cycloaddition of sodium azide to nitriles to give 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles is efficiently catalyzed by a Cobalt(II) complex (1) with a tetradentate ligand N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)quinolin-8-amine. Detailed mechanistic investigation shows the intermediacy of the cobalt(II) diazido complex (2), which has been isolated and structurally characterized. Complex 2 also shows good catalytic activity for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles. These are the first examples of cobalt complexes used for the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction for the synthesis of 1H-tetrazoles under homogeneous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Babu
- Advanced Catalysis Facility,
Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore632 006, India
| | - Arup Sinha
- Advanced Catalysis Facility,
Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore632 006, India
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Wang T, Xu L, Dong J. FSO 2N 3-Enabled Synthesis of Tetrazoles from Amidines and Guanidines. Org Lett 2023; 25:6222-6227. [PMID: 37581428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the facile syntheses of tetrazoles enabled by FSO2N3 under mild conditions. FSO2N3 has been shown as the most powerful diazotizing reagent, which converts thousands of primary amines to azides fast and orthogonally. As the follow-up studies of the diazo transfer reaction using FSO2N3, we discover that amidines and guanidines are rapidly transformed into tetrazole derivatives when reacting with FSO2N3 under an aqueous environment, which is unprecedented for tetrazole synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Long Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, National Facility for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, National Facility for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai 200232, China
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