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Watson BT, Dias HVR. Going for gold - the chemistry of structurally authenticated gold(I)-ethylene complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4872-4889. [PMID: 38567496 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00676c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Gold coordination chemistry and catalysis involving unsaturated hydrocarbons such as olefins have experienced a remarkable growth during the last few decades. Despite the importance, isolable and well-characterized molecules with ethylene, the simplest and the most widely produced olefin, on gold are still limited. This review aims to cover features of, and strategies utilized to stabilize, gold-ethylene complexes and their diverse use in chemical transformations and homogeneous catalytic processes. Isolable and well-authenticated gold-ethylene complexes are important not only for structural, spectroscopic, and bonding studies but also as models for likely intermediates in gold mediated reactions of alkenes and gold-alkene species observed in the gas phase. There has also been development on AuI/III catalytic cycles. Nitrogen based ligands have been the most widely utilized ligand supports thus far for the successful stabilization of gold-ethylene adducts. Gold has a bright future in olefin chemistry and with ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon T Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
| | - H V Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
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2
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Lan R, Yager B, Jee Y, Day CS, Jones AC. Ligand effects, solvent cooperation, and large kinetic solvent deuterium isotope effects in gold(I)-catalyzed intramolecular alkene hydroamination. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:479-496. [PMID: 38440168 PMCID: PMC10910400 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Kinetic studies on the intramolecular hydroamination of protected variants of 2,2-diphenylpent-4-en-1-amine were carried out under a variety of conditions with cationic gold catalysts supported by phosphine ligands. The impact of ligand on gold, protecting group on nitrogen, and solvent and additive on reaction rates was determined. The most effective reactions utilized more Lewis basic ureas, and more electron-withdrawing phosphines. A DCM/alcohol cooperative effect was quantified, and a continuum of isotope effects was measured with low KIE's in the absence of deuterated alcoholic solvent, increasing to large solvent KIE's when comparing reactions in pure MeOH to those in pure MeOH-d4. The effects are interpreted both within the context of a classic gold π-activation/protodeauration mechanism and a general acid-catalyzed mechanism without intermediate gold alkyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Lan
- Chemistry, Wake Forest University, 1834 Gulley Rd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Brock Yager
- Chemistry, Wake Forest University, 1834 Gulley Rd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Yoonsun Jee
- Chemistry, Wake Forest University, 1834 Gulley Rd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Cynthia S Day
- Chemistry, Wake Forest University, 1834 Gulley Rd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Amanda C Jones
- Chemistry, Wake Forest University, 1834 Gulley Rd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
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3
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Muratov K, Gagosz F. Confinement‐Induced Selectivities in Gold(I) Catalysis—The Benefit of Using Bulky Tri‐(
ortho
‐biaryl)phosphine Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203452. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Muratov
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa K1N 6N5 Ottawa Canada
| | - Fabien Gagosz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa K1N 6N5 Ottawa Canada
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4
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Confinement‐Induced Selectivities in Gold(I) Catalysis—The Benefit of Using Bulky Tri‐(
ortho
‐biaryl)phosphine Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Navarro M, Alférez MG, de Sousa M, Miranda-Pizarro J, Campos J. Dicoordinate Au(I)-Ethylene Complexes as Hydroamination Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022; 12:4227-4241. [PMID: 35391904 PMCID: PMC8981211 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A series of gold(I)–ethylene
π-complexes containing a family of bulky phosphine ligands
has been prepared. The use of these sterically congested ligands is
crucial to stabilize the gold(I)–ethylene bond and prevent
decomposition, boosting up their catalytic performance in the highly
underexplored hydroamination of ethylene. The precatalysts bearing
the most sterically demanding phosphines showed the best results reaching
full conversion to the hydroaminated products under notably mild conditions
(1 bar of ethylene pressure at 60 °C). Kinetic analysis together
with density functional theory calculations revealed that the assistance
of a second molecule of the nucleophile as a proton shuttle is preferred
even when using an extremely congested cavity-shaped Au(I) complex.
In addition, we have measured a strong primary kinetic isotopic effect
that is consistent with the involvement of X–H bond-breaking
events in the protodeauration turnover-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Navarro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Macarena G. Alférez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Morgane de Sousa
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Juan Miranda-Pizarro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Jesús Campos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain
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6
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Navarro M, Miranda-Pizarro J, Moreno JJ, Navarro-Gilabert C, Fernández I, Campos J. A dicoordinate gold(I)-ethylene complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9280-9283. [PMID: 34519292 PMCID: PMC8438763 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02769g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of the exceptionally bulky tris-2-(4,4′-di-tert-butylbiphenylyl)phosphine ligand allows the isolation and complete characterization of the first dicoordinate gold(i)–ethylene adduct, filling a missing fundamental piece on the organometallic chemistry of gold. Besides, the bonding situation of this species has been investigated by means of state-of-the-art Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations indicating that π-backdonation plays a minor role compared with tricoordinate analogues. The use of the exceptionally bulky tris-2-(4,4′-di-tert-butylbiphenylyl)phosphine ligand allows the isolation and complete characterization of the first dicoordinate gold(i)–ethylene adduct, filling a missing fundamental piece on the organometallic chemistry of gold.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Navarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain.
| | - Juan Miranda-Pizarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain.
| | - Juan J Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain.
| | - Carlos Navarro-Gilabert
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain.
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain.
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Motloch P, Jašík J, Roithová J. Gold(I) and Silver(I) π-Complexes with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Organometallics 2021; 40:1492-1502. [PMID: 34054181 PMCID: PMC8155574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gold π-complexes have been studied largely in the past 2 decades because of their role in gold-catalyzed reactions. We report an experimental and theoretical investigation of the interaction between a wide range of unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkynes, alkadienes, and allenes) and triphenylphosphine-gold(I), triphenylphosphine-silver(I), and acetonitrile-silver(I) cations. The bond dissociation energies of these complexes were determined by mass spectrometry collision-induced dissociations and their structures were studied by density functional theory calculations and infrared photodissociation spectroscopy. The results show that with the same phosphine ligand, gold binds stronger to the π-ligands than silver and thereby activates the unsaturated bond more effectively. Ligand exchange of phosphine by acetonitrile at the silver complexes increases the binding energy as well as the activation of the π-ligands. We also show that the substitution of an unsaturated bond is more important than the bond type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Motloch
- Jesus
College, Jesus Lane, Cambridge CB5 8BL, U.K.
| | - Juraj Jašík
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 8 182 23, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department
of Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg AJ Nijmegen 135 6525, The Netherlands
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π-Alkene/alkyne and carbene complexes of gold(I) stabilized by chelating ligands. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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Straube A, Coburger P, Michak M, Ringenberg MR, Hey-Hawkins E. The core of the matter - arene substitution determines the coordination and catalytic behaviour of tris(1-phosphanyl-1'-ferrocenylene)arene gold(I) complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:16667-16682. [PMID: 33084677 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02743j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Changing the aromatic core of C3-symmetric tris(ferrocenyl)arene-based tris-phosphanes has profound effects on their coordination behaviour towards gold(i). Depending on the arene (s-triazine, benzene, or trifluorobenzene), four different coordination modes can be distinguished and their preference has been rationalised using computational methods. The corresponding 1 : 1 ligand-to-metal complexes, studied by variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy, revealed fluctional behaviour in solution. Given the presence of up to three or six ferrocenylene spacers per complex, their electrochemistry was investigated. The redox-responsive nature of the complexes can be advantageously exploited in the catalytic ring-closing isomerisation of N-(2-propyn-1-yl)benzamide, where the benzene-based 2 : 3 ligand-to-metal complex has been shown to display multiple activity states depending on the degree of (reversible) oxidation in a preliminary trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Straube
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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10
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Siewert JE, Schumann A, Fischer M, Schmidt C, Taeufer T, Hering-Junghans C. Terphenyl(bisamino)phosphines: electron-rich ligands for gold-catalysis. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12354-12364. [PMID: 32845265 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02435j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Terphenyl(bisamino)phosphines have been identified as effective ligands in cationic gold(i) complexes for the hydroamination of acetylenes. These systems are related to Buchwald phosphines and their steric properties have been evaluated. Effective hydroamination was noted even at low catalyst loadings and a series of cationic gold(i) complexes has been structurally characterized clearly indicating stabilizing effects through gold-arene interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Erik Siewert
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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