1
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He MY, Wu HY, Tang X, Ma JA, Zhang FG. Photoinduced [3 + 2] Radical Cyclization of α-Diazodifluoroethyl Sulfonium Salt with Hydrazones. J Org Chem 2025; 90:6834-6843. [PMID: 40354172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Here we report a photoinduced [3 + 2] radical cyclization reaction of α-diazodifluoroethane sulfonium reagent with hydrazones to give the corresponding N-amino-4-difluoromethyl-1,2,3-triazoles. This transformation proceeds under simple blue light irradiation conditions without the need of photocatalyst. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the formation of an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex between electron-deficient α-diazo sulfonium triflate and electron-rich hydrazone operates as the key mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue He
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Fa-Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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2
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Mujahid M, Vara V, Arshad U, Gamidi RK, Muthukrishnan M. Cu-Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction of Arylhydrazines with β-Ketoesters and TBN: One-Pot Access to N2-Aryl 1,2,3-Triazole-1-Oxides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:16990-16998. [PMID: 39540867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
We report a copper-catalyzed one-pot, multicomponent strategy for the convenient synthesis of N2-aryl 1,2,3-triazole-1-oxides using arylhydrazines, β-ketoesters, and tert-butyl nitrite. This mild and simple reaction proceeds in an atom-economic manner with broad substrate scope, affording a variety of N2-aryl 1,2,3-triazole-1-oxide derivatives. Other salient features of the reaction are good functional group tolerance, scalability, and product diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mujahid
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Department of Chemistry, Shri. Dr. R. G. Rathod Arts & Science College, Murtizapur 444107, India
| | - Vijay Vara
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Usman Arshad
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Rama Krishna Gamidi
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - M Muthukrishnan
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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3
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Kunz KA, Springer BL, Klahn P, Aldemir H, Mohr F, Kirsch SF. Synthesis of N2-Substituted 1,2,3-Triazoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:8816-8820. [PMID: 39378272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel synthetic approach for the synthesis of the 1,2,3-triazole core, with a particular focus on the direct and regioselective synthesis of the synthetically more challenging triazoles having additional substituents at the N2 nitrogen atom. Through treatment of readily accessible geminal diazides with organic hydrazines under mild thermolysis conditions, a broad spectrum of N2-alkyl- and N2-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles are easily generated. For example, geminal diazides derived from ketoesters, ketoamides, and ketones were converted under the reaction conditions. The product structures were confirmed via NMR as well as single-crystal structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Kunz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Bastian L Springer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Philipp Klahn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hülya Aldemir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Fabian Mohr
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stefan F Kirsch
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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4
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Zhao KH, Qi JM, Hu XM, Li YD, Huang R, Yan SJ. Cycloaddition and Skeleton Rearrangement of Heterocyclic Ketene Aminals (HKAs) with 1-Diazonaphthalen-2(1 H)-ones for the Synthesis of Functionalized 1,2,3-Triazoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:6866-6871. [PMID: 39093330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
We developed a protocol for the synthesis of highly functionalized 5,6-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-c][1,2,3]triazole derivatives 4-5 (DHITs) from 1-diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-one derivatives with heterocyclic ketene aminals (HKAs). This strategy involved cycloaddition and skeletal rearrangement entailing the heating of a mixture of substrates 1 with HKAs 2-3 and THF without any catalyst. As a result, a series of DHITs 4-5 were produced by cleaving one bond (1 C═N bond) and forming three bonds (1 N-N and 2 C-N bonds) in a single step. This protocol achieved the dual functionalization of diazo building blocks involving both the aromatic nitrogen alkylation reaction to form an ArC-N bond without any metal catalyst and the intermolecular cycloaddition of the N═N bond. These strategies can be used to synthesize functionalized DHITs for combinatorial and parallel syntheses via one-pot reactions without any catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Mei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Mei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Da Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Jiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
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5
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Bagad PK, Darole RS, Krishna GR, Senthilkumar B. Highly Selective C-N and C-S Dual Functionalization of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Derivatives Using TBHP as an Oxidant. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9371-9380. [PMID: 38913603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
A direct electrosynthesis/photocatalyst-free, atom-economical, and efficient method for the selective synthesis of (E)-3-amino-2-thiocyanato-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds is described through a given protocol. The present approach features the use of inexpensive ammonium thiocyanate to achieve dual functionalization of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds using TBHP as an oxidant, providing a rapid and practical route to the selective formation of both C-N and C-S bonds via a radical process. This method offers a broad substrate scope with excellent yield and allows for further exploration of the products to construct heterocyclic compounds and other functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja K Bagad
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Ratanamala S Darole
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - G Rama Krishna
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Beeran Senthilkumar
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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6
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Yin X, Liu X, Wu X, Liu X, Tian Q, Luo Q, Li Y. Design, Synthesis, and 3D-QASR of 2-Ar-1,2,3-triazole Derivatives Containing Hydrazide as Potential Fungicides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12415-12424. [PMID: 38779960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A series of novel 2-Ar-1,2,3-triazole derivatives were designed and synthesized based on our previously discovered active compound 6d against Rhizoctonia solani. Most of these compounds exhibited good antifungal activity against R. solani at a concentration of 25 μg/mL. Based on the results of biological activity, we established a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model that guided the synthesis of compound 7y. Compound 7y exhibited superior activity against R. solani (EC50 = 0.47 μg/mL) compared to the positive controls hymexazol (EC50 = 12.80 μg/mL) and tebuconazole (EC50 = 0.87 μg/mL). Furthermore, compound 7y demonstrated better protective activity than the aforementioned two commercial fungicides in both detached leaf assays and greenhouse experiments, achieving 56.21% and 65.75% protective efficacy, respectively, at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. The ergosterol content was determined and molecular docking was performed to explore the mechanism of these active molecules. DFT calculation and MEP analysis were performed to illustrate the results of this study. These results suggest that compound 7y could serve as a novel 2-Ar-1,2,3-triazole lead compound for controlling R. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qingqiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qiquan Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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7
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Sun N, Yang K, Yan W, Yao M, Yu C, Duan W, Gu X, Guo D, Jiang H, Xie C, Cheng J. Design and Synthesis of Triazole-Containing HDAC Inhibitors That Induce Antitumor Effects and Immune Response. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4802-4826. [PMID: 36934335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is an epigenetic antitumor drug target, but most existing HDAC inhibitors show limited antitumor activity and their use is often accompanied by serious adverse effects. To overcome these problems, we designed and synthesized a series of triazole-containing compounds as novel HDAC inhibitors. Among them, compound 19h exhibited potent and selective inhibition of HDAC1, with good antiproliferative activity in vitro and an excellent pharmacokinetic profile. Compound 19h significantly inhibited the growth of human tumor xenografts in nude mice and murine tumor growth in immune-competent mice bearing MC38 colon cancer. In the MC38 model, 19h increased the ratio of splenic CD4+ T effector cells and promoted complete tumor regression in 5/6 animals when combined with the mPD-1 antibody. These results suggested that selective class I HDAC inhibitors exert direct tumor growth inhibition and indirect immune cell-mediated antitumor effects and are synergistic with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenzhong Yan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Mingyue Yao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Chengcheng Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenwen Duan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaoke Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chengying Xie
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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8
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Zhang J, Jiang M, Wang CS, Guo K, Li QX, Ma C, Ni SF, Chen GQ, Zong Y, Lu H, Xu LW, Shao X. Transition-metal free C-N bond formation from alkyl iodides and diazonium salts via halogen-atom transfer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7961. [PMID: 36575172 PMCID: PMC9794826 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Construction of C-N bond continues to be one part of the most significant goals in organic chemistry because of the universal applications of amines in pharmaceuticals, materials and agrochemicals. However, E2 elimination through classic SN2 substitution of alkyl halides lead to generation of alkenes as major side-products. Thus, formation of a challenging C(sp3)-N bond especially on tertiary carbon center remains highly desirable. Herein, we present a practical alternative to prepare primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl amines with high efficiency between alkyl iodides and easily accessible diazonium salts. This robust transformation only employs Cs2CO3 promoting halogen-atom transfer (XAT) process under transition-metal-free reaction conditions, thus providing a rapid method to assemble diverse C(sp3)-N bonds. Moreover, diazonium salts served as alkyl radical initiator and amination reagent in the reaction. Mechanism studies suggest this reaction undergo through halogen-atom transfer process to generate active alkyl radical which couples with diazonium cations to furnish final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Quan-Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guang-dong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guang-dong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guang-dong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Gen-Qiang Chen
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan Zong
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hua Lu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinxin Shao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Meng FT, Wang YN, Qin XY, Li SJ, Li J, Hao WJ, Tu SJ, Lan Y, Jiang B. Azoarene activation for Schmidt-type reaction and mechanistic insights. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7393. [PMID: 36450750 PMCID: PMC9712421 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Schmidt rearrangement, a reaction that enables C-C or C-H σ bond cleavage and nitrogen insertion across an aldehyde or ketone substrate, is one of the most important and widely used synthetic tools for the installation of amides and nitriles. However, such a reaction frequently requires volatile, potentially explosive, and highly toxic azide reagents as the nitrogen donor, thus limiting its application to some extent. Here, we show a Schmidt-type reaction where aryldiazonium salts act as the nitrogen precursor and in-situ-generated cyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-yl acetates serve as pronucleophiles from gold-catalyzed Nazarov cyclization of 1,3-enyne acetates. Noteworthy is that cycloketone-derived 1,3-enyne acetates enabled ring-expansion relay to access a series of 2-pyridone-containing fused heterocycles, in which nonsymmetric cycloketone-derived counterparts demonstrated high regioselectivity. Aside from investigating the scope of this Schmidt-type reaction, mechanistic details of this transformation are provided by performing systematic theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Tao Meng
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qin
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
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10
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Cu2O/CuO@mont K 10 promoted one-pot synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles through azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Torabi M, Yarie M, Zolfigol MA, Azizian S, Gu Y. A magnetic porous organic polymer: catalytic application in the synthesis of hybrid pyridines with indole, triazole and sulfonamide moieties. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8804-8814. [PMID: 35424833 PMCID: PMC8984949 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00451h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis and characterization of a triazine-based magnetic ionic porous organic polymer are reported. The structure, morphology, and components of the prepared structure have been investigated with several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as FT-IR, EDX, elemental mapping, TGA/DTA, SEM, TEM, VSM, and BET analysis. Also, catalytic application of the prepared triazine-based magnetic ionic porous organic polymer was investigated for the synthesis of hybrid pyridine derivatives bearing indole, triazole and sulfonamide groups. Furthermore, the prepared hybrid pyridine systems were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass analysis. A cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation pathway was suggested for the synthesis of target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Torabi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran +988138380709 +988138282807
| | - Meysam Yarie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran +988138380709 +988138282807
| | - Mohammad Ali Zolfigol
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran +988138380709 +988138282807
| | - Saeid Azizian
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
| | - Yanlong Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 China
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12
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Baidya M, Mallick S, De Sarkar S. Regioselective Synthesis of N2-Aryl 1,2,3-Triazoles via Electro-oxidative Coupling of Enamines and Aryldiazonium Salts. Org Lett 2022; 24:1274-1279. [PMID: 35112868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic route for the construction of N2-aryl 1,2,3-triazoles is reported via sequential C-N bond formation and electro-oxidative N-N coupling under metal-free conditions. Readily accessible 2-aminoacrylates and aryldiazonium salts were used as starting materials, and the developed protocol displays excellent functional group tolerance, allowing an extensive range of substrate scope up to 91% isolated yield. Various mechanistic studies, along with the isolation of an intermediate adduct, refer to successive ionic and radical reaction sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmay Baidya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Samrat Mallick
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
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13
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Amine-catalyzed synthesis of N2-sulfonyl 1,2,3-triazole in water and the tunable N2-H 1,2,3-triazole synthesis in DMSO via metal-free enamine annulation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Guan C, Ji J, Li Z, Wei Q, Wu X, Liu S. Facile synthesis of N2-substituted-1,2,3-triazole from aryl ethynylene and azide via a one-pot two-step strategy. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Liang J, Rao Y, Zhu W, Wen T, Huang J, Chen Z, Chen L, Li Y, Chen X, Zhu Z. AgNO 3 as Nitrogen Source for Cu-Catalyzed Cyclization of Oximes with Isocyanates: A Facile Route to N-2-Aryl-1,2,3-triazoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:7028-7032. [PMID: 34459610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A versatile copper-catalyzed [3 + 1 + 1] annulation of oximes and isocyanates with AgNO3 is described. In this conversion, AgNO3 and isocyanates instead of conventional azide or diazonium reagents were used as the nitrogen source. This three-component transformation was achieved by cleaving N-O/C-H/C-N bonds and building C═N/N-N bonds, which provides a strategy to prepare N-2-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles with a good substrate and functional compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yingqi Rao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Weidong Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Tingting Wen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
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16
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Mo F, Qiu D, Zhang L, Wang J. Recent Development of Aryl Diazonium Chemistry for the Derivatization of Aromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5741-5829. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanyang Mo
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Di Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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17
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Zhou LN, Feng FF, Cheung CW, Ma JA. Cu-Enabled [3 + 2] Annulation of In Situ Formed Nitrile Ylides with Aryldiazonium Salts: Access to 5-Cyano-1,2,4-Triazoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:739-744. [PMID: 33428426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The unified construction of cyano-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles, particularly the 5-cyano counterparts, remains underdeveloped. Herein we describe a three-component method to access a wide range of 1-aryl 5-cyano-1,2,4-triazoles using readily available 2-diazoacetonitriles, nitriles, and aryldiazonium salts. This regiospecific synthesis relies on the dipolar [3 + 2] annulation of the in situ formed nitrile ylides with aryldiazonium salts. Furthermore, this protocol can be amendable to gram-scale synthesis, chemical transformations of the nitrile moieties, and access to chiral bis(cyano-triazole)-1,1'-naphthalene, which would all be likely applicable in the synthesis of structurally diverse bioactive compounds and novel bidentate ligands for asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Nan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Fang-Fang Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China
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18
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Yang H, Xu TH, Lu SN, Chen Z, Wu XF. Synthesis of 5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3-triazoles via base-mediated cascade annulation of diazo compounds with trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00445j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A metal-, azide- and CF3-reagent free approach for the synthesis of 5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3-triazoles via base-mediated cascade annulation of diazo compounds with trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefei Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Hui Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ning Lu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengkai Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
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19
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Tian Y, Zhang F, Nie J, Cheung CW, Ma J. Metal‐free Decarboxylative Annulation of 2‐Aryl‐2‐isocyano‐acetates with Aryldiazonium Salts: General Access to 1,3‐Diaryl‐1,2,4‐triazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ting Tian
- Department of Chemistry Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207 People's Republic of China
| | - Fa‐Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Chemistry Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207 People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Chemistry Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun‐An Ma
- Department of Chemistry Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207 People's Republic of China
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20
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Liu X, Zhai S, Feng F, Zhang F, Ma J. Silver‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition Approach to Coumarin‐Decorated Tetrazoles. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan‐Yu Liu
- Department of chemistry Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Shi‐Jing Zhai
- Department of chemistry Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Fang‐Fang Feng
- Department of chemistry Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Fa‐Guang Zhang
- Department of chemistry Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207 P.R. China
| | - Jun‐An Ma
- Department of chemistry Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207 P.R. China
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21
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Peng X, Zhang F, Ma J. Cu‐Catalysed Three‐Component Reaction of Aryldiazonium Salts with Fluorinated Diazo Reagents and Nitriles: Access to Difluoro‐ and Trifluoromethylated
N
1
‐Aryl‐1,2,4‐triazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Peng
- Department of Chemistry Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education) Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 People's Republic of China
| | - Fa‐Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education) Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun‐An Ma
- Department of Chemistry Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education) Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 People's Republic of China
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22
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Liu J, Jiang J, Zheng L, Liu Z. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles Using Arenediazonium Salts as Nitrogen Sources. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jidan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Clean Energy and Materials/Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Clean Energy and Materials/Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Liyao Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Clean Energy and Materials/Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao‐Qing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Clean Energy and Materials/Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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23
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Feng FF, Li JK, Liu XY, Zhang FG, Cheung CW, Ma JA. General Synthesis of Tri-Carbo-Substituted N2-Aryl-1,2,3-triazoles via Cu-Catalyzed Annulation of Azirines with Aryldiazonium Salts. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10872-10883. [PMID: 32691600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The general synthesis of fully substituted N2-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles is hitherto challenging compared with that of the N1-aryl counterparts. Herein, we describe a Cu-catalyzed annulation reaction of azirines and aryldiazonium salts. This regiospecific method allows access to a broad spectrum of tri-carbo N2-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles substituted with diverse aryl and alkyl moieties. Its utility is highlighted by the synthesis of several triazole precursors applicable in drug discovery, as well as novel chiral binaphthyl ligands bearing triazole moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Jun-Kuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Xuan-Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Fa-Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China
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24
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Zhang F, Chen Z, Cheung CW, Ma J. Aryl Diazonium
Salt‐Triggered
Cyclization and Cycloaddition Reactions: Past, Present, and Future. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fa‐Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 Fujian China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 Fujian China
| | - Jun‐An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 Fujian China
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