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Cook A, Newman SG. Alcohols as Substrates in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Arylation, Alkylation, and Related Reactions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6078-6144. [PMID: 38630862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Alcohols are abundant and attractive feedstock molecules for organic synthesis. Many methods for their functionalization require them to first be converted into a more activated derivative, while recent years have seen a vast increase in the number of complexity-building transformations that directly harness unprotected alcohols. This Review discusses how transition metal catalysis can be used toward this goal. These transformations are broadly classified into three categories. Deoxygenative functionalizations, representing derivatization of the C-O bond, enable the alcohol to act as a leaving group toward the formation of new C-C bonds. Etherifications, characterized by derivatization of the O-H bond, represent classical reactivity that has been modernized to include mild reaction conditions, diverse reaction partners, and high selectivities. Lastly, chain functionalization reactions are described, wherein the alcohol group acts as a mediator in formal C-H functionalization reactions of the alkyl backbone. Each of these three classes of transformation will be discussed in context of intermolecular arylation, alkylation, and related reactions, illustrating how catalysis can enable alcohols to be directly harnessed for organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cook
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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2
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Martínez-Balart P, Tóth BL, Velasco-Rubio Á, Fañanás-Mastral M. Direct C-H Allylation of Unactivated Alkanes by Cooperative W/Cu Photocatalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:6874-6879. [PMID: 36098628 PMCID: PMC9513794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a photocatalytic methodology that enables the direct allylation of strong aliphatic C-H bonds with simple allylic chlorides. The method relies on a cooperative interaction of two metal catalysts in which the decatungstate anion acts as a hydrogen-atom abstractor generating a nucleophilic carbon-centered radical that engages in an SH2' reaction with an activated allylic π-olefin-copper complex. Because of this dual catalysis, the protocol allows for the functionalization of a range of chemical feedstocks and natural products under mild conditions in short reaction times.
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A visible-light activated secondary phosphine oxide ligand enabling Pd-catalyzed radical cross-couplings. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4052. [PMID: 35831306 PMCID: PMC9279477 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although transition metal-catalyzed reactions have evolved with ligand development, ligand design for palladium-catalyzed photoreactions remains less explored. Here, we report a secondary phosphine oxide ligand bearing a visible-light sensitization moiety and apply it to Pd-catalyzed radical cross-coupling reactions. The tautomeric phosphinous acid coordinates to palladium in situ, allowing for pseudo-intramolecular single-electron transfer between the ligand and palladium. Molecular design of the metal complexes aided by time-dependent density functional theory calculations enables the involvement of allyl radicals from π-allyl palladium(II) complexes, and alkyl and aryl radicals from the corresponding halides and palladium(0) complex. This complex enables radical cross-couplings by ligand-to-Pd(II) and Pd(0)-to-ligand single-electron transfer under visible-light irradiation. Ligand design is key for improving the performance in light-enabled catalytic processes. Here, the authors report the synthesis of a visible-light–activated secondary phosphine oxide ligand and apply it to Pd-catalyzed radical cross-coupling reactions.
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Chen W, Ni S, Wang Y, Pan Y. Electrochemical-Promoted Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Allylation of Aryl Halides. Org Lett 2022; 24:3647-3651. [PMID: 35579336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Compared with conventional reductive coupling, reductive coupling under electrochemical conditions without external reductants is greener, milder, and more efficient and is of increasing interest to organic chemists. In this work, we report the sacrificial anode, nickel-catalyzed electrochemical allylation reaction of aryl and alkyl halides. The reaction can be applied to a range of allylation reagents such as trifluoroalkenes, oxalates, and acetates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangzhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shengyang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Song C, Zhang HH, Yu S. Regio- and Enantioselective Decarboxylative Allylic Benzylation Enabled by Dual Palladium/Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Song
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Chan AY, Perry IB, Bissonnette NB, Buksh BF, Edwards GA, Frye LI, Garry OL, Lavagnino MN, Li BX, Liang Y, Mao E, Millet A, Oakley JV, Reed NL, Sakai HA, Seath CP, MacMillan DWC. Metallaphotoredox: The Merger of Photoredox and Transition Metal Catalysis. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1485-1542. [PMID: 34793128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The merger of photoredox catalysis with transition metal catalysis, termed metallaphotoredox catalysis, has become a mainstay in synthetic methodology over the past decade. Metallaphotoredox catalysis has combined the unparalleled capacity of transition metal catalysis for bond formation with the broad utility of photoinduced electron- and energy-transfer processes. Photocatalytic substrate activation has allowed the engagement of simple starting materials in metal-mediated bond-forming processes. Moreover, electron or energy transfer directly with key organometallic intermediates has provided novel activation modes entirely complementary to traditional catalytic platforms. This Review details and contextualizes the advancements in molecule construction brought forth by metallaphotocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Chan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ian B Perry
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Noah B Bissonnette
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Benito F Buksh
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Grant A Edwards
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lucas I Frye
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Olivia L Garry
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Marissa N Lavagnino
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Beryl X Li
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yufan Liang
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Edna Mao
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Agustin Millet
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James V Oakley
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas L Reed
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Holt A Sakai
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ciaran P Seath
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Zhang HH, Tang M, Zhao JJ, Song C, Yu S. Enantioselective Reductive Homocoupling of Allylic Acetates Enabled by Dual Photoredox/Palladium Catalysis: Access to C2-Symmetrical 1,5-Dienes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12836-12846. [PMID: 34351745 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions have emerged as powerful protocols to construct C-C bonds. However, the development of enantioselective C(sp3)-C(sp3) reductive coupling remains challenging. Herein, we report a highly regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective reductive homocoupling of allylic acetates through cooperative palladium and photoredox catalysis using diisopropylethylamine or Hantzsch ester as a homogeneous organic reductant. This straightforward protocol enables the stereoselective construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds under mild reaction conditions. A series of C2-symmetrical chiral 1,5-dienes were easily prepared with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee), diastereoselectivities (up to >95:5 dr), and regioselectivities (up to >95:5 rr). The resultant chiral 1,5-dienes can be directly used as chiral ligands in asymmetric synthesis, and they can be also transformed into other valuable chiral ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhua Song
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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Zhang HY, Chen J, Lu CC, Han YP, Zhang Y, Zhao J. Visible-Light-Induced C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Cross-Dehydrogenative-Coupling Reaction of N-Heterocycles with N-Alkyl- N-methylanilines under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11723-11735. [PMID: 34369160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Disclosed herein is a cross-dehydrogenative-coupling reaction of N-heterocycles including 1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H, 4H)-diones and quinoxaline-2(1H)-ones with N-methylanilines to form C(sp2)-C(sp3) under visible-light illumination and ambient air at room temperature. In this process, easily available Ru(bpy)3Cl2·6H2O serves as the catalyst, and air acts as the green oxidant. This method features high atom economy, environmental friendliness, and convenient operation and provides an efficient and practical access to aminomethyl-substituted N-heterocycles with extensive functional group compatibility in 40-86% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Cong-Cong Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ping Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Yuecheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Jiquan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
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Masuda Y, Ito M, Murakami M. Dehydrative/Decarboxylative Coupling of Carboxylic Acids with Allylic Alcohols. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Masuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Misato Ito
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Shee M, Singh NDP. Cooperative photoredox and palladium catalysis: recent advances in various functionalization reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02071k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cooperative photoredox and palladium catalysis for various functionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maniklal Shee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur
- India
| | - N. D. Pradeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur
- India
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Yuan W, Zheng S, Hu Y. Recent Advances in C(sp3)–C(sp3) Cross-Coupling via Metallaphotoredox Strategies. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1344-2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTransition-metal-catalyzed carbon–carbon cross-coupling reactions represent a significant achievement in modern synthetic chemistry and they have become indispensable tools for the construction of organic molecules. Despite the important progress in this area, methods for coupling two C(sp3)-hybridized alkyl fragments remain elusive. To date, existing methods have largely relied on using organometallic reagents as the nucleophilic coupling partners, thereby inevitably limiting the compatibility of functional groups. Although cross-electrophile coupling may alleviate the pain somewhat, it is necessary to add a stoichiometric amount of a reductant to complete the catalytic cycle. Recently, the emergence of photoredox-mediated single-electron transmetalation has evoked an ideal paradigm for selectively manipulating C(sp3)–C(sp3) cross-coupling with the unprecedented application of native C(sp3) functionalities instead of organometallic reagents, thus opening a new window for C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond creation. This short review highlights the recent advances in this exciting subfield.1 Introduction2 Nickel/Photoredox-Catalyzed C(sp3)–C(sp3) Cross-Coupling3 Palladium/Photoredox-Catalyzed C(sp3)–C(sp3) Cross-Coupling4 Copper/Photoredox-Catalyzed C(sp3)–C(sp3) Cross-Coupling5 Direct C(sp3)–H Alkylation via Metallaphotoredox-Mediated Hydrogen Atom Transfer6 Conclusion and Perspectives
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