1
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Ferdeghini C, Wu M, Ranjan P, Würdemann MA, Pyschik J, Mitsos A, Ruijter E, Orru RV, Hansen T, Saya JM. Strong Hydrogen Bond Donating Solvents Accelerate the Passerini Three-Component Reaction. J Org Chem 2025; 90:5000-5007. [PMID: 40178043 PMCID: PMC11998065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2025] [Revised: 03/05/2025] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
We report enhanced reaction rates of the Passerini reaction (P-3CR) using 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as a cosolvent. Although alcoholic solvents typically increase the energy barrier of the rate-determining step for the P-3CR, we observed significant rate enhancements even when employing strong hydrogen bond donating (HBD) alcohols as cosolvents. This rate enhancement was observed for most aprotic organic solvents, with the exception of strong hydrogen bond accepting (HBA) solvents such as DMF. Experimental kinetic studies and DFT calculations provided a mechanistic rationale for our observations. An investigation of the substrate scope showed that this rate enhancement generally resulted in a (slight) increase of the overall yield in the P-3CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ferdeghini
- Biobased
Organic Chemistry, Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials
(AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, Geleen 6167RD, The Netherlands
| | - Minghui Wu
- Biobased
Organic Chemistry, Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials
(AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, Geleen 6167RD, The Netherlands
| | - Prabhat Ranjan
- Biobased
Organic Chemistry, Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials
(AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, Geleen 6167RD, The Netherlands
| | - Martien A. Würdemann
- Biobased
Organic Chemistry, Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials
(AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, Geleen 6167RD, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Pyschik
- Process Systems
Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstrasse 8, Aachen 52062, Germany
| | - Alexander Mitsos
- Process Systems
Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstrasse 8, Aachen 52062, Germany
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department
of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute
for Molecular & Life Science (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Romano V.A. Orru
- Biobased
Organic Chemistry, Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials
(AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, Geleen 6167RD, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Department
of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute
for Molecular & Life Science (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jordy M. Saya
- Biobased
Organic Chemistry, Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials
(AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, Geleen 6167RD, The Netherlands
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2
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Giustiniano M. Isonitrile Photochemistry: A Functional Group Class Coming in from the Cold. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402350. [PMID: 39286928 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Starting from a historical background that acknowledges isonitriles as a neglected class of compounds due to their unpleasant smell and hardly controlled reaction conditions with open shell species, the present concept article aims at highlighting the seeds of the modern isonitrile photochemistry. Representative essential transformations achieved via either UV light irradiation or radical initiators at high temperatures are brought into play to draw a parallel with the current literature relying on the exploitation of visible light photochemical methods. Such a comparison points out the potential of this enabling technology to further expand the scope of isonitrile chemistry and the unmet challenges which makes it a very stimulating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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3
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Ricardo MG, Llanes D, Rennert R, Jänicke P, Rivera DG, Wessjohann LA. Improved Access to Potent Anticancer Tubulysins and Linker-Functionalized Payloads Via an All-On-Resin Strategy. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401943. [PMID: 38771268 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Tubulysins are among the most recent antimitotic compounds to enter into antibody/peptide-drug conjugate (ADC/PDC) development. Thus far, the design of the most promising tubulysin payloads relied on simplifying their structures, e. g., by using small tertiary amide N-substituents (Me, Et, Pr) on the tubuvaline residue. Cumbersome solution-phase approaches are typically used for both syntheses and functionalization with cleavable linkers. p-Aminobenzyl quaternary ammonium (PABQ) linkers were a remarkable advancement for targeted delivery, but the procedures to incorporate them into tubulysins are only of moderate efficiency. Here we describe a novel all-on-resin strategy permitting a loss-free resin linkage and an improved access to super potent tubulysin analogs showing close resemblance to the natural compounds. For the first time, a protocol enables the integration of on-resin tubulysin derivatization with, e. g., a maleimido-Val-Cit-PABQ linker, which is a notable progress for the payload-PABQ-linker technology. The strategy also allows tubulysin diversification of the internal amide N-substituent, thus enabling to screen a tubulysin library for the discovery of new potent analogs. This work provides ADC/PDC developers with new tools for both rapid access to new derivatives and easier linker-attachment and functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel G Ricardo
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata & G, Havana, 10400, Cuba
- Present address: Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dayma Llanes
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Robert Rennert
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Paul Jänicke
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daniel G Rivera
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata & G, Havana, 10400, Cuba
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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4
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Vitali Forconesi G, Basso A, Banfi L, Gugliotta D, Lambruschini C, Nola M, Riva R, Rocca V, Moni L. Total Synthesis of 4- epi-Bengamide E. Molecules 2024; 29:1715. [PMID: 38675534 PMCID: PMC11052282 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bengamide E is a bioactive natural product that was isolated from Jaspidae sponges by Crews and co-workers in 1989. It displays a wide range of biological activities, including antitumor, antibiotic, and anthelmintic properties. With the aim of investigating the structural feature essential for their activity, several total syntheses of Bengamide E and its analogues have been reported in the literature. Nevertheless, no synthesis of the stereoisomer with modification of its configuration at C-4 carbon has been reported so far. Here, we report the first total synthesis of the 4-epi-Bengamide E. Key reactions in the synthesis include a chemoenzimatic desymmetrization of biobased starting materials and a diastereoselective Passerini reaction using a chiral, enantiomerically pure aldehyde, and a lysine-derived novel isocyanide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lisa Moni
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146 Genova, Italy; (G.V.F.); (A.B.); (L.B.); (D.G.); (C.L.); (M.N.); (R.R.); (V.R.)
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5
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Banfi L, Lambruschini C. 100 years of isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions. Mol Divers 2024; 28:1-2. [PMID: 38206427 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Banfi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy.
| | - Chiara Lambruschini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy
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6
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Larghi EL, Bracca ABJ, Simonetti SO, Kaufman TS. Recent developments in the total synthesis of natural products using the Ugi multicomponent reactions as the key strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:429-465. [PMID: 38126459 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01837g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The total syntheses of selected natural products using different versions of the Ugi multicomponent reaction is reviewed on a case-by-case basis. The revision covers the period 2008-2023 and includes detailed descriptions of the synthetic sequences, the use of state-of-the-art chemical reagents and strategies, as well as the advantages and limitations of the transformation and some remedial solutions. Relevant data on the isolation and bioactivity of the different natural targets are also briefly provided. The examples clearly evidence the strategic importance of this transformation and its key role in the modern natural products synthetic chemistry toolbox. This methodology proved to be a valuable means for easily building molecular complexity and efficiently delivering step-economic syntheses even of intricate structures, with a promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique L Larghi
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531 (2000), Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Andrea B J Bracca
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531 (2000), Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Sebastián O Simonetti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531 (2000), Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Teodoro S Kaufman
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531 (2000), Rosario, Argentina.
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7
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Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081009. [PMID: 36015157 PMCID: PMC9416173 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions 9i.e., those that engage three or more starting materials to form a product that contains significant fragments of all of them), have been widely employed in the construction of compound libraries, especially in the context of diversity-oriented synthesis. While relatively less exploited, their use in target-oriented synthesis offers significant advantages in terms of synthetic efficiency. This review provides a critical summary of the use of multicomponent reactions for the preparation of active pharmaceutical principles.
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8
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Dömling A. Innovations and Inventions: Why Was the Ugi Reaction Discovered Only 37 Years after the Passerini Reaction? J Org Chem 2022; 88:5242-5247. [PMID: 35881912 PMCID: PMC10167652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This year represents the 100th anniversary of the discovery of the Passerini three-component reaction. The related Ugi four-compound reaction was discovered 37 years after the Passerini reaction. Undoubtedly, both reactions are very important multicomponent reactions but the Ugi reactions outperform the Passerini reactions in terms of combinatorial space according to the equation xy [x is the number of building blocks per component, and y is the order of the multicomponent reaction (for Passerini, y = 3; for Ugi, y = 4)]. In this work, a historical but contemporary perspective of the discoveries and innovations of the two reactions is given. From a bird's eye view and in a more general sense, the discovery of novel reactions is discussed and how it relates to inventions and innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 AD, The Netherlands
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9
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White LED Light-Mediated Eosin Y-Photocatalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Novel 1,2,4-Triazol-3-Amines By Sequential Addition. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01590-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Wahby Y, Abdel-Hamid H, Ayoup MS. Two decades of recent advances of Passerini reactions: synthetic and potential pharmaceutical applications. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03832j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This perspective describes the applications of Passerini reactions in the last two decades from 2000 to 2021 in pharmaceutical applications and synthesis of peptides, natural products, macrocycles, dendrimers, and versatile types of heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Wahby
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | - Hamida Abdel-Hamid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Salah Ayoup
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zheng
- Department of Drug Design University of Groningen Design A. Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Kurpiewska
- Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University 30-387 Kraków Poland
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design University of Groningen Design A. Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
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12
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Iqbal N, Zahoor AF, Rasool N, Khan SG, Akhtar R, Ahmad R. Synthetic Approaches Towards the Total synthesis of tubulysin and its fragments: A review. Curr Org Synth 2021; 19:COS-EPUB-119628. [PMID: 34951368 DOI: 10.2174/1570179419666211222163417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubulysins, linear tetrapeptides show extraordinary cytotoxicity against various cancer cells, with IC50 values in nano or picomolar range. Due to their extremely vigorous anti-proliferative and antiangiogenic characteristics, tubulysins exhibit captivating prospects in the development of anticancer drugs. This review focuses on diverse routes for the total synthesis of natural and synthetic tubulysins as well as their fragments. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to present the synthetic strategies for the development of antitumor agents, tubulysins. CONCLUSION A range of synthetic pathways adopted for the total synthesis of tubulysins and their fragments have been described in this review. Synthesis of fragments, Tuv, Tup, and Tut can be accomplished by adopting appropriate strategies such as Manganese-mediated synthesis, Ireland-Claisen rearrangement, Mukaiyama aldol reaction, and Mannich process etc. Tubulysin B, D, U, V, and N14-desacetoxytubulysin H have been prepared through Mitsunobu reaction, tert-butanesulfinamide method, Tandem reaction, aza-Barbier reaction, Evans aldol reaction, and C-H activation strategies etc. The remarkable anticancer potential of tubulysins toward a substantiate target make them prominent leads for developing novel drugs against multidrug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Samreen Gul Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Rabia Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Raheel Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad. Pakistan
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13
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Banfi L, Basso A, Lambruschini C, Moni L, Riva R. The 100 facets of the Passerini reaction. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15445-15472. [PMID: 35003575 PMCID: PMC8654045 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03810a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This perspective aims at celebrating the 100th anniversary of the discovery of the Passerini three component reaction. After being nearly neglected for many years, now this reaction has become quite popular, thanks to the achievements of the last 30 years, which have revealed several chances of exploitation in organic synthesis. Though not being comprehensive, this review means to show the various ways that have been used in order to expand the utility of the Passerini reaction. Post-MCR transformations to give heterocycles or peptidomimetics, variants through single component replacement, stereochemical issues, and applications in total syntheses will be especially covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Banfi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Andrea Basso
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Chiara Lambruschini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Lisa Moni
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Renata Riva
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
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14
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Li M, Banerjee K, Friestad GK. Diastereocontrol in Radical Addition to β-Benzyloxy Hydrazones: Revised Approach to Tubuvaline and Synthesis of O-Benzyltubulysin V Benzyl Ester. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15139-15152. [PMID: 34636574 PMCID: PMC8576829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Radical addition to chiral N-acylhydrazones has generated unusual amino acids tubuphenylalanine (Tup) and tubuvaline (Tuv) that are structural components of the tubulysin family of picomolar antimitotic agents and previously led to a tubulysin tetrapeptide analog with a C-terminal alcohol. To improve efficiency in this synthetic route to tubulysins, and to address difficulties in oxidation of the C-terminal alcohol, here we present two alternative routes to Tuv that (a) improve step economy, (b) provide modified conditions for Mn-mediated radical addition in the presence of aromatic heterocycles, and (c) expose an example of double diastereocontrol in radical addition to a β-benzyloxyhydrazone with broader implications for asymmetric amine synthesis via radical addition. An efficient coupling sequence affords 11-O-benzyltubulysin V benzyl ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manshu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Koushik Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Gregory K. Friestad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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15
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Charoenpattarapreeda J, Walsh SJ, Carroll JS, Spring DR. Expeditious Total Synthesis of Hemiasterlin through a Convergent Multicomponent Strategy and Its Use in Targeted Cancer Therapeutics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen J. Walsh
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Cancer Research (UK) Cambridge Institute University of Cambridge Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - Jason S. Carroll
- Cancer Research (UK) Cambridge Institute University of Cambridge Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - David R. Spring
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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16
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Charoenpattarapreeda J, Walsh SJ, Carroll JS, Spring DR. Expeditious Total Synthesis of Hemiasterlin through a Convergent Multicomponent Strategy and Its Use in Targeted Cancer Therapeutics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23045-23050. [PMID: 32894646 PMCID: PMC7756509 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hemiasterlin is an antimitotic marine natural product with reported sub-nanomolar potency against several cancer cell lines. Herein, we describe an expeditious total synthesis of hemiasterlin featuring a four-component Ugi reaction (Ugi-4CR) as the key step. The convergent synthetic strategy enabled rapid access to taltobulin (HTI-286), a similarly potent synthetic analogue. This short synthetic sequence enabled investigation of both hemiasterlin and taltobulin as cytotoxic payloads in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). These novel ADCs displayed sub-nanomolar cytotoxicity against HER2-expressing cancer cells, while showing no activity against antigen-negative cells. This study demonstrates an improved synthetic route to a highly valuable natural product, facilitating further investigation of hemiasterlin and its analogues as potential payloads in targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen J. Walsh
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Cancer Research (UK) Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Jason S. Carroll
- Cancer Research (UK) Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - David R. Spring
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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