1
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Wang H, Lin S, Hong H, Hu Z, Huang Y, Zhang X, Lin SN, Yang BM. Photo-induced decarboxylative radical cascade cyclization of unactivated alkenes: access to CF- and CF 2-substituted ring-fused imidazoles. RSC Adv 2025; 15:12739-12745. [PMID: 40264862 PMCID: PMC12013602 DOI: 10.1039/d5ra02023a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2025] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025] Open
Abstract
A mild and effective visible-light-induced decarboxylative radical cascade reaction of olefin-containing imidazoles with α-fluorinated carboxylic acids as building blocks containing CF or ArCF2 moieties, has been developed to afford a series of monofluoromethylated or aryldifluoromethylated polycyclic imidazoles in medium to excellent yields with features of simple operation, available raw materials, and wide substrate scopes. In addition, the mechanistic experiments indicated that the methodology involved a radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao Normal University Shangrao 334001 China
| | - Shengbao Lin
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao Normal University Shangrao 334001 China
| | - Hui Hong
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao Normal University Shangrao 334001 China
| | - Zhangjie Hu
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao Normal University Shangrao 334001 China
| | - Yawen Huang
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao Normal University Shangrao 334001 China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao Normal University Shangrao 334001 China
| | - Sheng-Nan Lin
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao Normal University Shangrao 334001 China
| | - Bin-Miao Yang
- The International Joint Institute of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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2
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Shezaf JZ, Lee S, Teoh YS, Strong ZH, Xie PP, Wu J, Liu P, Krische MJ. Dearomative Addition-Hydrogen Autotransfer for Branch-Selective N-Heteroaryl C-H Functionalization via Ruthenium-Catalyzed C-C Couplings of Diene Pronucleophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:2021-2028. [PMID: 39761082 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2025]
Abstract
A novel mechanism for N-heteroaryl C-H functionalization via dearomative addition-hydrogen autotransfer is described. Upon exposure to the catalyst derived from RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3 and Xantphos, dienes 1a-1g suffer hydroruthenation to form allylruthenium nucleophiles that engage in N-heteroaryl addition-β-hydride elimination to furnish branched products of C-C coupling 3a-3s and 4a-4f. Oxidative cleavage of isoprene adducts 3j, 3k, 3l, and 3n followed by ruthenium-catalyzed dynamic kinetic asymmetric ketone reduction provides enantiomerically enriched N-heteroarylethyl alcohols 6a-6d and, therefrom, N-heteroarylethyl amines 7a-7d. Density functional theory calculations correlate experimentally observed regioselectivities with the magnitude of the N-heteroaryl LUMO coefficients and corroborate rate-determining dearomative allylruthenium addition. In the presence of 2-propanol and trifluoroethanol, dearomatized adducts derived from pyrimidine 2a and quinazoline 2n were isolated and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Z Shezaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712, Texas, United States
| | - Seoyoung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712, Texas, United States
| | - Yhin Sarah Teoh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712, Texas, United States
| | - Zachary H Strong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712, Texas, United States
| | - Pei-Pei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15260, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jessica Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712, Texas, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15260, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712, Texas, United States
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3
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Lin SN, Deng Y, Zhong H, Mao LL, Ji CB, Zhu XH, Zhang X, Yang BM. Visible Light-Induced Radical Cascade Difluoromethylation/Cyclization of Unactivated Alkenes: Access to CF 2H-Substituted Polycyclic Imidazoles. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:28129-28143. [PMID: 38973879 PMCID: PMC11223139 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
An efficient and mild protocol for the visible light-induced radical cascade difluoromethylation/cyclization of imidazoles with unactivated alkenes using easily accessible and bench-stable difluoromethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide as the precursor of the -CF2H group has been developed to afford CF2H-substituted polycyclic imidazoles in moderate to good yields. This strategy, along with the construction of Csp3-CF2H/C-C bonds, is distinguished by mild conditions, no requirement of additives, simple operation, and wide substrate scope. In addition, the mechanistic experiments have indicated that the difluoromethyl radical pathway is essential for the methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Lin
- College
of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao
Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- College
of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao
Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Hanxun Zhong
- College
of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao
Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Liu-Liang Mao
- College
of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao
Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Cong-Bin Ji
- College
of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao
Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Xian-Hong Zhu
- College
of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao
Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- College
of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao
Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Bin-Miao Yang
- Joint
School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
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4
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Mei P, Ma Z, Chen Y, Wu Y, Hao W, Fan QH, Zhang WX. Chiral bisphosphine Ph-BPE ligand: a rising star in asymmetric synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6735-6778. [PMID: 38826108 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Chiral 1,2-bis(2,5-diphenylphospholano)ethane (Ph-BPE) is a class of optimal organic bisphosphine ligands with C2-symmetry. Ph-BPE with its excellent catalytic performance in asymmetric synthesis has attracted much attention of chemists with increasing popularity and is growing into one of the most commonly used organophosphorus ligands, especially in asymmetric catalysis. Over two hundred examples have been reported since 2012. This review presents how Ph-BPE is utilized in asymmetric synthesis and how powerful it is as a chiral ligand or even a catalyst in a wide range of reactions including applications in the total synthesis of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Mei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zibin Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yue Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Wei Hao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing-Hua Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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5
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Das D, Pingoliya RK, Ghorai P. A One-Pot Cascade Strategy toward Organocatalytic Enantioselective Construction of Fused Benzimidazoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:4502-4507. [PMID: 38767405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe an asymmetric assembly of ortho-aromatic diamines and formyl tethered Michael acceptors forming chiral fused benzimidazoles. A cinchona-alkaloid-derived bifunctional squaramide catalyst enables the methodology through on-site dihydrobenzimidazole formation followed by an aza-Michael addition/oxidation cascade. This protocol stands out for its excellent catalytic efficiency over the background reaction and its mild conditions, making it more practical. Various Michael acceptors, including enones, ester, and thioester, were successful substrates in this study. Additionally, this methodology has demonstrated scalability and successfully showcased postsynthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-462066, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Pingoliya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-462066, India
| | - Prasanta Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-462066, India
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6
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Shekhar S, Ahmed TS, Ickes AR, Haibach MC. Recent Advances in Nonprecious Metal Catalysis. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Shekhar
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Tonia S. Ahmed
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Andrew R. Ickes
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Michael C. Haibach
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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7
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Liu Y, Zhang N, Xu Y, Chen Y. Visible-Light-Induced Radical Cascade Reaction of 1-Allyl-2-ethynylbenzoimidazoles with Thiosulfonates to Assemble Thiosulfonylated Pyrrolo[1,2- a]benzimidazoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16882-16891. [PMID: 34739244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced radical domino reaction of 1-allyl-2-ethynylbenzoimidazoles with thiosulfonates was developed, which generated the thiosulfonylated pyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles in moderate to good yields. This reaction proceeded under transition-metal-free conditions with good functional group tolerance and high regioselectivity. The possible pathway involved thiosulfonates were activated through the energy transfer route promoted by photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Pharmacy School, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Niuniu Zhang
- Pharmacy School, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Xu
- Pharmacy School, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Pharmacy School, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
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8
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Lin S, Cui J, Chen Y, Li Y. Copper-Catalyzed Direct Cycloaddition of Imidazoles and Alkenes to Trifluoromethylated Tricyclic Imidazoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15768-15776. [PMID: 34632765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We reported herein a copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylarylated cycloaddition of imidazoles and olefins using CF3SO2Cl as the radical source to synthesize highly functionalized tricyclic imidazoles. This procedure exhibits a wide range of substrate scope with 25%-93% isolated yields (36 examples). Mechanistic studies were carried out to support a free trifluoromethyl radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianchao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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9
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Abstract
CuH-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization and intermolecular allylation of benzimidazoles with allenes have been described. The reaction proceeded smoothly with the catalytic system of Cu(OAc)2/Xantphos and catalytic amount of (MeO)2MeSiH. This protocol features mild reaction conditions and a good tolerance of substrates bearing electron-withdrawing, electron-donating, or electron-neutral groups. A new catalytic mechanism was proposed for this copper hydride catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Dong
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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10
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Lin S, Chen Y, Luo X, Li Y. Sustainable Cascades to Difluoroalkylated Polycyclic Imidazoles. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng‐Nan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Xiao‐Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
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11
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Knippel JL, Ye Y, Buchwald SL. Enantioselective C2-Allylation of Benzimidazoles Using 1,3-Diene Pronucleophiles. Org Lett 2021; 23:2153-2157. [PMID: 33646778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although substituted benzimidazoles are common substructures in bioactive small molecules, synthetic methods for their derivatization are still limited. Previously, several enantioselective allylation reactions of benzimidazoles were reported that functionalize the nucleophilic nitrogen atom. Herein we describe a reversal of this inherent selectivity toward N-allylation by using electrophilic N-OPiv benzimidazoles with readily available 1,3-dienes as nucleophile precursors. This CuH-catalyzed approach utilizes mild reaction conditions, exhibits broad functional-group compatibility, and exclusively forms the C2-allylated product with excellent stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Levi Knippel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yuxuan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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