1
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Agrawal I, Lange M, Semmelmaier A, von Köller HF, Werz DB. Formal Carbene Insertion into Cyclopropanones: Access to 2-Aroyl Cyclobutanones via Sulfonium Ylides. J Org Chem 2025; 90:6162-6168. [PMID: 40298177 PMCID: PMC12070404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2025] [Revised: 04/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
This report presents a method for the synthesis of 2-aroyl cyclobutanones via the reaction of in situ-generated cyclopropanones with acyl sulfonium ylides representing a formal carbene insertion into cyclopropanones. The reaction is highly stereoselective in the case of 2-substituted cyclopropanones, and the cyclobutanones thus obtained are well suited to α-alkylation, offering versatile synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishika Agrawal
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marvin Lange
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arthur Semmelmaier
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinrich F. von Köller
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Liang Q, Bai S, Tan Y, Zhang HY, Zhang Y, Zhao J. Mn-catalyzed oxo-alkylation of 1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2 H,4 H)-diones with cyclic alkanols via oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2025; 23:4161-4165. [PMID: 40171606 DOI: 10.1039/d5ob00098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2025]
Abstract
An efficient and convenient pathway to synthesize diverse 3 or 4-oxo-alkyl substituted 1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-diones has been reported via an atom- and step-economical cross-dehydrogenation coupling strategy with good functional group tolerance and wide substrate scope. The present transformation employs inexpensive manganese salt catalysts and iodobenzene diacetate oxidants at room temperature. The synthetic utility of this pathway is further demonstrated by a gram scale reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China.
| | - Shuomeng Bai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China.
| | - Yushi Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China.
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China.
| | - Yuecheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China.
| | - Jiquan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China.
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3
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Jung M, Lindsay VNG. Concise Synthesis of Optically Active Cyclopropane β-Amino Acid Derivatives via Olefination of Cyclopropanone Surrogates. Org Lett 2025; 27:4196-4201. [PMID: 40207981 PMCID: PMC12045111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2025]
Abstract
An expedient synthesis of cyclopropane β-amino acid derivatives is reported from readily accessible cyclopropanone surrogates. The addition of stabilized phosphorus ylides to 1-sulfonylcyclopropanols leads to the formation of highly electrophilic alkylidenecyclopropanes shown to be reactive in a telescopic aza-Michael reaction, in mild conditions. The transformation proceeds with complete diastereocontrol in favor of the trans products and is amenable to the rapid production of highly enantioenriched β-amino acid derivatives, peptidomimetics and spirocyclic analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunggi Jung
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Vincent N. G. Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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4
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Laktsevich-Iskryk M, Hurski A, Ošeka M, Kananovich D. Recent advances in asymmetric synthesis via cyclopropanol intermediates. Org Biomol Chem 2025; 23:992-1015. [PMID: 39670922 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01746c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
Cyclopropanols have attracted significant attention in organic synthesis as versatile three-carbon synthons, as this readily available class of donor-activated cyclopropanes undergoes miscellaneous transformations, either via ring-opening or with retention of the cyclopropane ring. This review summarizes stereoselective and stereoretentive transformations suitable for asymmetric synthesis. The utility of cyclopropanols is discussed for two main strategies: (i) substrate-controlled transformations using enantiomerically enriched cyclopropanol intermediates through a traditional approach, and (ii) the use of nonchiral or racemic cyclopropanols, where asymmetric induction is achieved through a chiral catalyst, representing a direction that has recently emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Laktsevich-Iskryk
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Alaksiej Hurski
- Republican Scientific Center of Human Issues, Belarusian State University, Minsk 220064, Belarus
- Scientific Testing Center Campilab Ltd., Dynaraŭka 222202, Belarus
| | - Maksim Ošeka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Dzmitry Kananovich
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
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5
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Lange M, Werz DB. Ring-Enlargement of in Situ Generated Cyclopropanones by the Reaction with Sulfonium Ylides: One-Pot Synthesis of Cyclobutanones. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39513747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2024]
Abstract
In this report, we describe a simple method for the synthesis of 2-aryl-2-vinyl-cyclobutanones through the reaction of in situ generated cyclopropanones and cinnamylsulfonium ylides, representing an example of a formal carbene insertion into these three-membered rings. The cyclobutanones thus obtained are ideal substrates for palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions upon enol triflate formation, thereby providing access to densely functionalized cyclobutenes. A mechanistic proposal for the ring-enlargement is presented based on experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Lange
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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6
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Rivera RM, Ferrin ZR, Lindsay VNG. Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative Rearrangement of Cyclopropanone Hemiaminals: General Access to Pyrroloindolones from Indoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:4738-4743. [PMID: 38809772 PMCID: PMC11212033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A concise synthetic approach to medicinally relevant pyrroloindolones and related fused heterocycles is reported via the diastereoselective N-addition of unprotected indoles to readily accessible cyclopropanone equivalents. The resulting stable hemiaminals are shown to smoothly rearrange to pyrroloindolones in mild conditions using Fe(III) catalysis in the presence of inexpensive ammonium persulfate as a stoichiometric oxidant. Experimental evidence points toward the formation of a β-carboxylic radical intermediate prone to cyclization and oxidative rearomatization as the operative mechanistic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Machín Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zack R. Ferrin
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N. G. Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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7
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Jang Y, Deng W, Sprague IS, Lindsay VNG. Divergent Synthesis of β-Fluoroamides via Silver-Catalyzed Oxidative Deconstruction of Cyclopropanone Hemiaminals. Org Lett 2023; 25:5389-5394. [PMID: 37413978 PMCID: PMC10829026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
An expedient approach for the synthesis of challenging β-fluoroamides from readily accessible cyclopropanone equivalents is reported. Following the addition of pyrazole used here as a transient leaving group, silver-catalyzed regiospecific ring-opening fluorination of the resulting hemiaminal leads to a β-fluorinated N-acylpyrazole intermediate reactive to substitution with amines, ultimately affording β-fluoroamides. The process could also be extended to the synthesis of β-fluoroesters and γ-fluoroalcohols via the addition of alcohols or hydrides as terminal nucleophiles, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Jang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Weixia Deng
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ivan S. Sprague
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N. G. Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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8
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Blackburn MAS, Wagen CC, Bodrogean MR, Tadross PM, Bendelsmith AJ, Kutateladze DA, Jacobsen EN. Dual-Hydrogen-Bond Donor and Brønsted Acid Cocatalysis Enables Highly Enantioselective Protio-Semipinacol Rearrangement Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:15036-15042. [PMID: 37428959 PMCID: PMC10387361 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
A catalytic protio-semipinacol ring-expansion reaction has been developed for the highly enantioselective conversion of tertiary vinylic cyclopropyl alcohols into cyclobutanone products bearing α-quaternary stereogenic centers. The method relies on the cocatalytic effect of a chiral dual-hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) with hydrogen chloride. Experimental evidence is provided for a stepwise mechanism where protonation of the alkene generates a short-lived, high-energy carbocation, which is followed by C-C bond migration to deliver the enantioenriched product. This research applies strong acid/chiral HBD cocatalysis to weakly basic olefinic substrates and lays the foundation for further investigations of enantioselective reactions involving high-energy cationic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A S Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Corin C Wagen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - M Raul Bodrogean
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Pamela M Tadross
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Andrew J Bendelsmith
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Dennis A Kutateladze
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Eric N Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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9
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Jung M, Muir JE, Lindsay VNG. Expedient synthesis of spiro[3.3]heptan-1-ones via strain-relocating semipinacol rearrangements. Tetrahedron 2023; 134:133296. [PMID: 36937489 PMCID: PMC10019042 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for the formation of the highly strained spiro[3.3]heptan-1-one motif was developed through the reaction of 1-sulfonylcyclopropanols and lithiated 1-sulfonylbicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. Following initial nucleophilic addition to the cyclopropanone formed in situ, the resulting 1-bicyclobutylcyclopropanol intermediate is prone to a 'strain-relocating' semipinacol rearrangement in the presence of acid, directly affording the substituted spiro[3.3]heptan-1-one. The process is shown to be fully regio- and stereospecific when starting from a substituted cyclopropanone equivalent, leading to optically active 3-substituted spiro[3.3]heptan-1-ones. The reaction likely proceeds via initial protonation of the bicyclobutyl moiety followed by [1,2]-rearrangement of the resulting cyclopropylcarbinyl cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunggi Jung
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Joanna E Muir
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N G Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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10
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Abstract
Sulfone-substituted bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes and housanes have found widespread application in organic synthesis due to their bench stability and high reactivity in strain-releasing processes in the presence of nucleophiles or radical species. Despite their increasing utility, their preparation typically requires multiple steps in low overall yield. In this work, we report an expedient and general one-pot procedure for the synthesis of 1-sulfonylbicyclo[1.1.0]butanes from readily available methyl sulfones and inexpensive epichlorohydrin via the dialkylmagnesium-mediated formation of 3-sulfonylcyclobutanol intermediates. Furthermore, the process was extended to the formation of 1-sulfonylbicyclo[2.1.0]pentane (housane) analogues when 4-chloro-1,2-epoxybutane was used as the electrophile instead of epichlorohydrin. Both procedures could be applied on a gram scale with similar efficiency and are shown to be fully stereospecific in the case of housanes when an enantiopure epoxide was employed, leading to a streamlined access to highly valuable optically active strain-release reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunggi Jung
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N G Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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11
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Zanini M, Cataffo A, Echavarren AM. Synthesis of Cyclobutanones by Gold(I)-Catalyzed [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Ynol Ethers with Alkenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:8989-8993. [PMID: 34730987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A broad scope synthesis of cyclobutanones by gold(I)-catalyzed [2 + 2] cycloaddition of ynol ethers with alkenes has been developed. We also found that internal aryl ynol ethers can undergo (4 + 2) cycloaddition reaction with alkenes leading to the corresponding chromanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Zanini
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Andrea Cataffo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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