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Xiao T, Zhang P, Guo S, Su B, Chen Y, Zhao M, Yuan J, Si S, Zheng R, Li K, Chen M. Peunipyrone A, an Unexpected Highly Oxygenated γ-Pyrone with a 6/6/6/6/6 Pentacyclic Ring System from a Sponge-Derived Fungus Aspergillus peuniceus. Org Lett 2025; 27:4958-4963. [PMID: 40329452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5c01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
Abstract
A highly oxygenated γ-pyrone with an unprecedented carbon skeleton, peunipyrone A (1), was isolated from the sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus peuniceus. Compound 1 features a unique fused 6/6/6/6/6 pentacyclic ring system. The chemical structure of compound 1 was elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic techniques and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The plausible biosynthetic pathway of compound 1 was proposed. Compound 1 promoted leukemic cell apoptosis by increasing p53 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongmei Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Technology and Application for Anti-Infective New Drugs Research and Development, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Peitao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Technology and Application for Anti-Infective New Drugs Research and Development, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyue Guo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3K3, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Bingjie Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Technology and Application for Anti-Infective New Drugs Research and Development, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Technology and Application for Anti-Infective New Drugs Research and Development, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxuan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Technology and Application for Anti-Infective New Drugs Research and Development, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Si
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Technology and Application for Anti-Infective New Drugs Research and Development, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifang Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Uighur Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Technology and Application for Anti-Infective New Drugs Research and Development, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Technology and Application for Anti-Infective New Drugs Research and Development, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Uighur Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830004, People's Republic of China
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Hu B, Xi X, Xiao F, Bai X, Gong Y, Li Y, Qiao X, Tang C, Huang J. Significantly enhanced specific activity of Bacillus subtilis (2,3)-butanediol dehydrogenase through computer-aided refinement of its substrate-binding pocket. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 281:136443. [PMID: 39389503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
(2,3)-Butanediol dehydrogenases (BDHs) are widely utilized for the stereoselective interconversion between α-hydroxy ketones and vicinal diols to produce various functional building blocks. In this study, to enhance the specific activity towards (R)-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol (1a) for 2-hydroxyacetophenone (1b), the substrate-binding pocket of a Bacillus subtilis BDH (BsBDHA) was refined through site-directed mutagenesis. Based on molecular docking simulations, 14 residues were identified and subjected to alanine scanning mutagenesis. After screening, two residues, His42 and Gly292, were singled out for partial site-saturation mutagenesis. The results revealed that BsBDHAH42A and BsBDHAG292A displayed high activities of 3.21 and 1.97 U/mg, respectively. Employing combinatorial mutagenesis, a superior mutant, BsBDHAI49L/V266L/G292A, was developed, exhibiting significantly enhanced specific activity and catalytic efficiency towards (R)-1a, achieving 14.81 U/mg and 4.47 mM-1 s-1, respectively, which were 27.4- and 55.9-fold higher than those of BsBDHA. Further substrate spectrum analysis revealed that the superior mutant displayed increased specific activities for (R)-2a-6a by 1.4- to 10.3-fold. The integration of BsBDHAI49L/V266L/G292A into a three-enzymatic cascade for the synthesis of 1b effectively elevated the yield from 58.1 to 82.4%. Molecular mechanism analysis indicated that the mutation-induced changes in intermolecular forces resulted in a higher frequency of reactive conformations for (R)-1a in BsBDHAI49L/V266L/G292A compared to BsBDHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochun Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, PR China
| | - Xiaoqi Xi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, PR China; Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor and College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Fugang Xiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Bai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Gong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, PR China
| | - Yifan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, PR China
| | - Xueqin Qiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, PR China
| | - Cunduo Tang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor and College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China.
| | - Jihong Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, PR China.
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Lu ZY, Liao X, Jing WW, Liu KK, Ren QG, He YC, Hu D. Rational mutagenesis of an epoxide hydrolase and its structural mechanism for the enantioselectivity improvement toward chiral ortho-fluorostyrene oxide. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 282:136864. [PMID: 39476898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 10/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024]
Abstract
Chiral (S)-o-fluorostyrene oxide (oFSO) and vicinal diol (R)-o-fluorophenylethane-1,2-diol (oFPED) are important intermediates for synthesizing treatments for neuropathic diseases. This study aimed to engineer Aspergillus usamii epoxide hydrolase (AuEH2) through a rational mutagenesis strategy to customize high enantioselectivity mutant for rac-oFSO. Out of 181 single-site mutants screened, six showed elevated enantiomeric ratio (E value) ranging from 32 to 108 according to E value and activity mutability landscapes. By combinatorial mutagenesis of A250I with other five single-site mutants, we constructed five double-site mutants, with the best-performing mutant, D5 (A250I/L344V), achieving an E value of 180. This mutant enabled the efficient kinetic resolution of 400 mM rac-oFSO in pure water system using E. coli/Aueh2A250I/L344V, yielding (S)-oFSO (>99 % ees, 50 % yields) and (R)-oFPED (>99 % eep, 50 % yieldp) with space-time yields (STYs) of 331.5 and 376.1 g/L/d, respectively. Combining crystal structure resolution with theoretical computations clarified the enantioselectivity mechanism of D5, demonstrating that A250I reduced the funnel-shaped substrate binding pocket (SBP) while L344V extended its bottom, enhancing specific recognition of (R)-oFSO and inhibiting (S)-oFSO hydrolysis. These findings provide valuable insights for designing highly enantioselective enzyme mutants, advancing the field of asymmetric synthesis of chiral compounds using green biocatalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yi Lu
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Xiang Liao
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Jing
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Kang-Kai Liu
- Changzhou Kaikang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Qing-Gong Ren
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Yu-Cai He
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China.
| | - Die Hu
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China.
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Hu D, Lu ZY, Liao X, Jia XW, Song WH, Hu YY, He YC. Engineering an Epoxide Hydrolase for Chemoenzymatic Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Triazole Fungicide ( S)- and ( R)-Flutriafol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:21741-21751. [PMID: 39297229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c07318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Flutriafol, a globally utilized triazole fungicide in agriculture, is typically applied as a racemic mixture, but its enantiomers differ in bioactivity and environmental impact. The synthesis of flutriafol enantiomers is critically dependent on chiral precursors: 2,2-bisaryl-substituted oxirane [(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)oxirane, 1a] and 1,2-diol [1-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethane-1,2-diol, 1b]. Here, we engineered a Rhodotorula paludigensis epoxide hydrolase (RpEH), obtaining mutant Escherichia coli/RpehH336W/L360F with a 6.4-fold enhanced enantiomeric ratio (E) from 5.5 to 35.4. This enabled a gram-scale resolution of rac-1a by E. coli/RpehH336W/L360F, producing (S)-1a (98.2% ees) and (R)-1b (75.0% eep) with 44.3 and 55.7% analytical yields, respectively. As follows, chiral (S)-flutriafol (98.2% ee) and (R)-flutriafol (75.0% ee) were easily synthesized by a one-step chemocatalytic process from (S)-1a and a two-step chemocatalytic process from (R)-1b, respectively. This chemoenzymatic approach offers a superior alternative for the asymmetric synthesis of flutriafol enantiomers. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations revealed insight into the enantioselectivity improvement of RpEH toward bulky 2,2-bisaryl-substituted oxirane 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Hu
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Lu
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiang Liao
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xue-Wei Jia
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Wen-Hao Song
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yu-Ye Hu
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yu-Cai He
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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Hu D, Jia XW, Lu JL, Lu ZY, Tang CD, Xue F, Huang C, Ren QG, He YC. Chemoenzymatic Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Triazole Fungicide ( R)-Tebuconazole in High Optical Purity Mediated by an Epoxide Hydrolase from Rhodotorula paludigensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10428-10438. [PMID: 38660720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Tebuconazole is a chiral triazole fungicide used globally in agriculture as a racemic mixture, but its enantiomers exhibit significant enantioselective dissimilarities in bioactivity and environmental behaviors. The steric hindrance caused by the tert-butyl group makes it a great challenge to synthesize tebuconazole enantiomers. Here, we designed a simple chemoenzymatic approach for the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-tebuconazole, which includes the biocatalytic resolution of racemic epoxy-precursor (2-tert-butyl-2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl] oxirane, rac-1a) by Escherichia coli/Rpeh whole cells expressed epoxide hydrolase from Rhodotorula paludigensis (RpEH), followed by a one-step chemocatalytic synthesis of (R)-tebuconazole. It was observed that (S)-1a was preferentially hydrolyzed by E. coli/Rpeh, whereas (R)-1a was retained with a specific activity of 103.8 U/g wet cells and a moderate enantiomeric ratio (E value) of 13.4, which was remarkably improved to 43.8 after optimizing the reaction conditions. Additionally, a gram-scale resolution of 200 mM rac-1a was performed using 150 mg/mL E. coli/Rpeh wet cells, resulting in the retention of (R)-1a in a 97.0% ees, a 42.5% yields, and a 40.5 g/L/d space-time yield. Subsequently, the synthesis of highly optical purity (R)-tebuconazole (>99% ee) was easily achieved through the chemocatalytic ring-opening of the epoxy-precursor (R)-1a with 1,2,4-triazole. To elucidate insight into the enantioselectivity, molecular docking simulations revealed that the unique L-shaped substrate-binding pocket of RpEH plays a crucial role in the enantioselective recognition of bulky 2,2-disubstituted oxirane 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Hu
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xue-Wei Jia
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jia-Lan Lu
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Lu
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Cun-Duo Tang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor and College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, Henan, China
| | - Feng Xue
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No 1, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Process Research Department, STA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, A WuXi AppTec Company, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Qing-Gong Ren
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yu-Cai He
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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Hu BC, Li MR, Li YY, Yuan XS, Hu YY, Xiao FG. Engineering a BsBDHA substrate-binding pocket entrance for the improvement in catalytic performance toward (R)-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol based on the computer-aided design. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Bučko M, Kaniaková K, Hronská H, Gemeiner P, Rosenberg M. Epoxide Hydrolases: Multipotential Biocatalysts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7334. [PMID: 37108499 PMCID: PMC10138715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epoxide hydrolases are attractive and industrially important biocatalysts. They can catalyze the enantioselective hydrolysis of epoxides to the corresponding diols as chiral building blocks for bioactive compounds and drugs. In this review article, we discuss the state of the art and development potential of epoxide hydrolases as biocatalysts based on the most recent approaches and techniques. The review covers new approaches to discover epoxide hydrolases using genome mining and enzyme metagenomics, as well as improving enzyme activity, enantioselectivity, enantioconvergence, and thermostability by directed evolution and a rational design. Further improvements in operational and storage stabilization, reusability, pH stabilization, and thermal stabilization by immobilization techniques are discussed in this study. New possibilities for expanding the synthetic capabilities of epoxide hydrolases by their involvement in non-natural enzyme cascade reactions are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Bučko
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Katarína Kaniaková
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.K.); (H.H.); (M.R.)
| | - Helena Hronská
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.K.); (H.H.); (M.R.)
| | - Peter Gemeiner
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Michal Rosenberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.K.); (H.H.); (M.R.)
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