1
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Bajya KR, Maurya SK, Selvakumar S. Organophotocatalytic Regioselective Silylation/Germylation and Cascade Cyclization of N-Alkenyl α-CF 3 Acrylamides: Access to Densely Functionalized 4-Pyrrolin-2-ones. Org Lett 2024; 26:9269-9275. [PMID: 39432672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2024]
Abstract
We report an organophotoredox-catalyzed silylation/germylation cascade cyclization of N-alkenyl α-CF3 acrylamides under mild conditions. N-Aminopyridinium salts act as hydrogen atom transfer reagents under photoredox catalysis in the generation of silyl and germyl radicals. An array of silyl- and germyl-substituted 3-CF3-4-pyrrolin-2-one derivatives were constructed in a shorter reaction time with low catalyst loading in good to excellent yields at room temperature. Importantly, this protocol is amenable to the late-stage diversification of bioactive molecules, as well as to large-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalu Ram Bajya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shivam Kumar Maurya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sermadurai Selvakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
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2
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Lu XY, Qian YJ, Sun HL, Su MX, Wang ZZ, Jiang F, Zhou XY, Sun YX, Shi WL, Wan JR. Photoinduced decarboxylative germylation of α-fluoroacrylic acids: access to germylated monofluoroalkenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6556-6559. [PMID: 38845407 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02037e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a novel strategy is presented for the photoinduced decarboxylative and dehydrogenative cross-coupling of a wide range of α-fluoroacrylic acids with hydrogermanes. This methodology provides an efficient and robust approach for producing various germylated monofluoroalkenes with excellent stereoselectivity within a brief photoirradiation period. The feasibility of this reaction has been demonstrated through gram-scale reaction, conversion of germylated monofluoroalkenes, and modification of complex organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Lu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China.
| | - Yu-Jun Qian
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China.
| | - Hai-Lun Sun
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China.
| | - Meng-Xue Su
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China.
| | - Zi-Zhen Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China.
| | - Fan Jiang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China.
| | - Xin-Yue Zhou
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China.
| | - Yan-Xi Sun
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China.
| | - Wan-Li Shi
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China.
| | - Ji-Ru Wan
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou, 239000, China.
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3
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Rogova T, Ahrweiler E, Schoetz MD, Schoenebeck F. Recent Developments with Organogermanes: their Preparation and Application in Synthesis and Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314709. [PMID: 37899306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Within the sphere of traditional Pd0 /PdII cross coupling reactions, organogermanes have been historically outperformed both in terms of scope and reactivity by more conventional transmetalating reagents. Subsequently, this class of compounds has been largely underutilized as a coupling partner in bond-forming strategies. Most recent studies, however, have shown that alternative modes of activation of these notoriously robust building blocks transform organogermanes into the most reactive site of the molecule-capable of outcompeting other functional groups (such as boronic acids, esters and silanes) for both C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation. As a result, over the past few years, the literature has increasingly featured methodologies that explore the potential of organogermanes as chemoselective and orthogonal coupling partners. Herein we highlight some of these recent advances in the field of organogermane chemistry both with respect to their synthesis and applications in synthetic and catalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Rogova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eric Ahrweiler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus D Schoetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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4
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Xiong J, Yan M, Jin L, Song W, Xiao L, Xu D, Zhai C, Stephan DW, Guo J. B(C 6F 5) 3-catalyzed hydrogermylation of enones: a facile route to germacycles. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8098-8101. [PMID: 37800180 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01402a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Organogermacycles are important skeletons for medicinal chemistry and materials. Herein, we reported a B(C6F5)3 mediated domino hydrogermylation reaction of enones with dihydrogermanes, affording 21 variants of organogermacycle compounds. These germacyclic compounds were obtained in good to excellent yields (up to 99% yield) under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangkun Xiong
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Maying Yan
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lvnan Jin
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weihong Song
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lei Xiao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Dong Xu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chunyang Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Broniarz K, Hreczycho G. Access to Unsaturated Organogermanes via (De)Hydrosilylation Mediated by Cobalt Complexes. Org Lett 2023; 25:6528-6533. [PMID: 37646486 PMCID: PMC10496132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of alkynylgermanes using hydrosilanes was accomplished by employing cobalt catalysis. Depending on the reactants used, the reaction can proceed via dehydrogenative coupling or hydrosilylation. Importantly, the presented method is characterized by mild reaction conditions, allowing rapid access to a wide range of organogermanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstancja Broniarz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam
Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego St. 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Hreczycho
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam
Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego St. 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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6
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Stachowiak-Dłużyńska H, Kuciński K, Broniarz K, Szafoni E, Gruszczyński M, Lewandowski D, Consiglio G, Hreczycho G. Access to germasiloxanes and alkynylgermanes mediated by earth-abundant species. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5618. [PMID: 37024548 PMCID: PMC10079689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactions between silanols or terminal acetylenes with alkynylgermanes have been accomplished using potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide as the catalyst. This strategy has provided an entry point into various organogermanes including germasiloxanes and alkynylgermanes. Remarkably, not only KHMDS but also simple bases such as KOH can serve as efficient catalysts in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Stachowiak-Dłużyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego St. 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kuciński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego St. 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Konstancja Broniarz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego St. 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewelina Szafoni
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego St. 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Gruszczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego St. 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dariusz Lewandowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego St. 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Consiglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Grzegorz Hreczycho
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego St. 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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7
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Bloux H, Dahiya A, Hébert A, Fabis F, Schoenebeck F, Cailly T. Base-Mediated Radio-Iodination of Arenes by Using Organosilane and Organogermane as Radiolabelling Precursors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203366. [PMID: 36607172 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The radio-iodination of arenes is investigated from organosilane and organogermane precursors using ipso-electrophilic halogenation (IEH). Discovery of a mild base mediated process allows radio-iodination in HFIP (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol) of either aryl silane or germane, with germanes being more reactive. Clinical potential of arylgermanes as radio-iodination precursors is demonstrated through the labelling of [125 I]IMTO (iodometomidate) and [125 I]MIBG (meta-iodobenzylguanidine) thus offering an alternative to radio-iododestannylation processes using non-toxic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Bloux
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Amit Dahiya
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Hébert
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Frédéric Fabis
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Cailly
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France.,IMOGERE, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Côte de Nacre, 14000, Caen, France.,Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
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8
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Laglera-Gándara C, Ríos P, Fernández-de-Córdova FJ, Barturen M, Fernández I, Conejero S. σ-GeH and Germyl Cationic Pt(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20848-20859. [PMID: 36322561 PMCID: PMC9949701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The low electron count Pt(II) complexes [Pt(NHC')(NHC)][BArF] (where NHC is a N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and NHC' its metalated form) react with tertiary hydrogermanes HGeR3 at room temperature to generate the 14-electron platinum(II) germyl derivatives [Pt(GeR3)(NHC)2][BArF]. Low-temperature NMR studies allowed us to detect and characterize spectroscopically some of the σ-GeH intermediates [Pt(η2-HGeR3)(NHC')(NHC)][BArF] that evolve into the platinum-germyl species. One of these compounds has been characterized by X-ray diffraction studies, and the interaction of the H-Ge bond with the platinum center has been analyzed in detail by computational methods, which suggest that the main contribution is the donation of the H-Ge to a σ*(Pt-C) orbital, but backdonation from the platinum to the σ*(Ge-H) orbital is significant. Primary and secondary hydrogermanes also produce the corresponding platinum-germyl complexes, a result that contrasts with the reactivity observed with primary silanes, in which carbon-silicon bond-forming reactions have been reported. According to density functional theory calculations, the formation of Pt-Ge/C-H bonds is both kinetically and thermodynamically preferred over the competitive reaction pathway leading to Pt-H/C-Ge bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos
J. Laglera-Gándara
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Pablo Ríos
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain,
| | - Francisco José Fernández-de-Córdova
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Marina Barturen
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I y Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), facultad de Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain,
| | - Salvador Conejero
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain,
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9
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Dahiya A, Schoenebeck F. Orthogonal and Modular Arylation of Alkynylgermanes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dahiya
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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10
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Katir N, El Haskouri J, Amoros P, El Kadib A. Cooperative assembly of redistributed arylgermanium-bearing alkoxysilanes in a mesostructured siloxane network. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02868a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three redistributed arylgermanium-bearing mono-, bis- and tris-triethoxysilyl arms were designed, cocondensed with TEOS to access SBA-15-type materials and embedded in chitosan to prepare functional bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Katir
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, Rond-point de Bensouda, 30070, Fès, Morocco
| | - Jamal El Haskouri
- Instituto de Ciència de los Materials de la Universidad de Valencia, Calle catedratico José Beltran, 2 CP 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Amoros
- Instituto de Ciència de los Materials de la Universidad de Valencia, Calle catedratico José Beltran, 2 CP 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - Abdelkrim El Kadib
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, Rond-point de Bensouda, 30070, Fès, Morocco
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