1
|
Ji CB. Advances and Strategies towards Synthesis of Aspidosperma Indole Alkaloids Goniomitine. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400416. [PMID: 38587971 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Goniomitine is of the aspidosperma alkaloid family, with an angularly fused tetracyclic skeleton housing an all-carbon quaternary carbon chiral center alongside an aminal functional group. This natural product has garnered attention as a synthetic target due to its intriguing molecular architecture and anti-proliferative activity in recent years. Following the first synthesis of (-)-goniomitine by Takano in 1991, synthetic chemists have developed various methods. This review provides an overview of the methodologies used in the synthesis of goniomitine in racemic and enantiopure forms via divergent construction indole framework, indole functionalization, and the integrated oxidation/reduction/cyclization (iORC) sequence from 1991 to 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Bin Ji
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, 334001, Shangrao, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
LaPorte AJ, Feldner JE, Spies JC, Maher TJ, Burke MD. MIDA- and TIDA-Boronates Stabilize α-Radicals Through B-N Hyperconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309566. [PMID: 37540542 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional organoboron compounds increasingly enable the simple generation of complex, Csp3 -rich small molecules. The ability of boron-containing functional groups to modify the reactivity of α-radicals has also enabled a myriad of chemical reactions. Boronic esters with vacant p-orbitals have a significant stabilizing effect on α-radicals due to delocalization of spin density into the empty orbital. The effect of coordinatively saturated derivatives, such as N-methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronates and counterparts, remains less clear. Herein, we demonstrate that coordinatively saturated MIDA and TIDA boronates stabilize secondary alkyl α-radicals via σB-N hyperconjugation in a manner that allows site-selective C-H bromination. DFT calculated radical stabilization energies and spin density maps as well as LED NMR kinetic analysis of photochemical bromination rates of different boronic esters further these findings. This work clarifies that the α-radical stabilizing effect of boronic esters does not only proceed via delocalization of radical character into vacant boron p-orbitals, but that hyperconjugation of tetrahedral boron-containing functional groups and their ligand electron delocalizing ability also play a critical role. These findings establish boron ligands as a useful dial for tuning reactivity at the α-carbon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J LaPorte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Jack E Feldner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Jan C Spies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Tom J Maher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Martin D Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61820, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61820, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61820, USA
- Arnold and Mable Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61820, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61820, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Halford-McGuff JM, Slawin AMZ, Watson AJB. Steric Parameterization Delivers a Reciprocally Predictive Model for Substrate Reactivity and Catalyst Turnover in Rh-Catalyzed Diyne-Alkyne [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Halford-McGuff
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rastogi SK, Singh R, Kumar S, Mishra AK, Ahirwar MB, Deshmukh MM, Sinha AK, Kumar R. One-pot C-C, C-N, and C-S bond construction for synthesis of 3-sulfenylindoles directly from unactivated anilines involving dual palladium catalysis and mechanistic insights from DFT. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:838-845. [PMID: 36602157 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01606k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An efficient dual Pd-catalytic system was developed for one-pot synthesis of 3-sulfenylindoles via C-C, C-N and C-S bond construction directly from unactivated 2-iodo(NH)anilines under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, 3-selenyl/halo/carbon-functionalized indoles were synthesized in good yields and a short reaction time. The synthetic utility of 3-sulfenylindole was also demonstrated. The key role of solvent in palladium catalysis was unravelled by DFT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K Rastogi
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, UP, India. .,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP-201002, India
| | - Richa Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, UP, India. .,Department of Chemistry, Gaya College, Gaya, Bihar-823001, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, UP, India. .,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP-201002, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Mishra
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, UP, India.
| | - Mini Bharati Ahirwar
- Department of Chemistry, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Milind M Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Arun K Sinha
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, UP, India. .,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP-201002, India.,Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-834001, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, UP, India. .,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP-201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Halford‐McGuff JM, Israel EM, West MJ, Vantourout JC, Watson AJB. Direct Chan–Lam Amination and Etherification of Aryl BMIDA Reagents. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Halford‐McGuff
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Eva M. Israel
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Matthew J. West
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Julien C. Vantourout
- CNRS INSA CPE-Lyon ICBMS UMR 5246 Université Lyon 1 1 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang B, Ren H, Cao HJ, Lu C, Yan H. A switchable redox annulation of 2-nitroarylethanols affording N-heterocycles: photoexcited nitro as a multifunctional handle. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11074-11082. [PMID: 36320483 PMCID: PMC9516892 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03590a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient transformation of nitroaromatics to functional molecules such as N-heterocycles has been an attractive and significant topic in synthesis chemistry. Herein, a photoexcited nitro-induced strategy for switchable annulations of 2-nitroarylethanols was developed to construct N-heterocycles including indoles, N-hydroxyl oxindoles and N-H oxindoles. The metal- and photocatalyst-free reaction proceeds through intramolecular redox C-N coupling of branched hydroxyalkyl and nitro units, which is initiated by a double hydrogen atom abstraction (d-HAA) process. The key to the switchable reaction outcomes is the mediation of a diboron reagent by its favorable oxy-transfer reactivity to in situ generated nitroso species. The utility of this protocol was well demonstrated by broad substrate scope, excellent yields, functional group tolerance and wide applications. Finally, detailed mechanistic studies were performed, and kinetic isotope effect (KIE) experiments indicate that the homolysis of the C-H bond is involved in the rate-determining step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hongyuan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hou-Ji Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University XinXiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Changsheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| |
Collapse
|