1
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Yu T, Zhao X, Nie Z, Qin L, Ding Z, Xu L, Li P. Diverse Synthesis of Arene-Fused [n.1.1]-Bridged Molecules via Catalytic Cycloaddition and Rearrangement Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202420831. [PMID: 39714393 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202420831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2024] [Revised: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
Although great advancement has been made in synthesis of 3D bridged bicyclic[n.1.1]-bioisosteres, facile construction of 2D/3D merged molecules incorporating bridged rings, as novel chemical space in drug discovery, remains a significant challenge. Herein a collective, selective, and diversity-oriented approach for up to 6 types of 2D/3D polycyclic scaffolds featuring bicyclo[n.1.1] substructure is reported. A boronyl radical-catalyzed [2σ+2π] cycloaddition between bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes and ortho-quinone methides afforded spirocyclic compounds containing a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes unit, which were used as intermediates for synthesis of three types of 2D/3D scaffolds via judiciously controlled Lewis acid-catalyzed rearrangements. The reaction and rearrangement of para-quinone methides worked analogously and provided another two polycyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Zaicheng Nie
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Lulu Qin
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Zhengwei Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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2
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Zheng L, Yang YM, Liu ZP, Wang W, Liang WJ, Jiang HL, Yang L, Lin C, Su W, Xiao JA. Palladium-Catalyzed Strain-Enabled [2π + 2σ] Cycloadditions of Vinyl Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with Methyleneindolinones. Org Lett 2025; 27:229-234. [PMID: 39723988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c04224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed [2π + 2σ] cycloaddition of vinyl bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with methyleneindolinones has been developed. The reaction enables the construction of spirobicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes bearing an all-carbon quaternary center in moderate to good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities. This method features a broad substrate scope with good functional group compatibility. The practical utility of this protocol was further demonstrated by gram-scale synthesis and postsynthetic transformations of desired product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Min Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ping Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Lian Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Chenxiang Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
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3
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Brunetti A, Garbini M, Autuori G, Zanardi C, Bertuzzi G, Bandini M. Electrochemical Synthesis of Itaconic Acid Derivatives via Chemodivergent Single and Double Carboxylation of Allenes with CO 2. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401754. [PMID: 38923037 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Leveraging electrochemistry, a new synthesis of non-natural derivatives of itaconic acid is proposed by utilizing carbon dioxide (CO2) as a valuable C1 synthon. An electrochemical cross-electrophile coupling between allenoates and CO2 was targeted, allowing for the synthesis of both mono- and di-carboxylation products in a catalyst- and additive-free environment (yields up to 87 %, 30 examples). Elaboration of the model mono-carboxylation product, and detailed cyclovoltammetric, as well as mechanistic analyses complete the present investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti, 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis, C3, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti, 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Garbini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti, 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis, C3, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti, 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Autuori
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti, 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Zanardi
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, via Torino, 155, 30170, Venezia (Mestre), Italy
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti, 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis, C3, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti, 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti, 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis, C3, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti, 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
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4
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Giovanelli R, Monda G, Kiriakidi S, Silva López C, Bertuzzi G, Bandini M. Direct Access to Benzolactams and Benzolactones via Nickel Catalyzed Carbonylation with CO 2. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401658. [PMID: 38890146 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
A new nickel catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling for accessing γ-lactams (isoindolinones) as well as γ-lactones (isobenzofuranones) via carbonylation with CO2 is documented. The protocol exploits the synergistic role of redox-active Ni(II) complexes and AlCl3 as a CO2 activator/oxygen scavenger, leading to the formation of a wide range of cyclic amides and esters (28 examples) in good to high yields (up to 87 %). A dedicated computational investigation revealed the multiple roles played by AlCl3. In particular, the simultaneous transient protection of the pendant amino group of the starting reagents and the formation of the electrophilically activated CO2-AlCl3 adduct are shown to concur in paving the way for an energetically favorable mechanistic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Giovanelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Monda
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Kiriakidi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, AS Lagoas (Marcosende) s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Silva López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, AS Lagoas (Marcosende) s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Giulio Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
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5
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Lin Z, Ren H, Lin X, Yu X, Zheng J. Synthesis of Azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptenes Enabled by Catalyst-Controlled Annulations of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with Vinyl Azides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18565-18575. [PMID: 38935924 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Bridged bicyclic scaffolds are emerging bioisosteres of planar aromatic rings under the concept of "escape from flatland". However, adopting this concept into the exploration of bioisosteres of pyridines remains elusive due to the challenge of incorporating a N atom into such bridged bicyclic structures. Herein, we report practical routes for the divergent synthesis of 2- and 3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptenes (aza-BCHepes) as potential bioisosteres of pyridines from the readily accessible vinyl azides and bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) via two distinct catalytic annulations. The reactivity of vinyl azides tailored with BCBs is the key to achieving divergent transformations. TiIII-catalyzed single-electron reductive generation of C-radicals from BCBs allows a concise (3 + 3) annulation with vinyl azides, affording novel 2-aza-BCHepe scaffolds. In contrast, scandium catalysis enables an efficient dipolar (3 + 2) annulation with vinyl azides to generate 2-azidobicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes, which subsequently undergo a chemoselective rearrangement to construct 3-aza-BCHepes. Both approaches efficiently deliver unique azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptene scaffolds with a high functional group tolerance. The synthetic utility has been further demonstrated by scale-up reactions and diverse postcatalytic transformations, providing valuable azabicyclics including 2- and 3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes and rigid bicyclic amino esters. In addition, the related sp2-hybridized nitrogen atom and the similar geometric property between pyridines and corresponding aza-BCHepes indicate that they are promising bioisosteres of pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongren Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Haosong Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xinbo Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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6
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Li S, Nakahara S, Adachi T, Murata T, Takaishi K, Ema T. Skeletal Formation of Carbocycles with CO 2: Selective Synthesis of Indolo[3,2- b]carbazoles or Cyclophanes from Indoles, CO 2, and Phenylsilane. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14935-14941. [PMID: 38722086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic reactions of indoles with CO2 and phenylsilane afforded indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles, where the fused benzene ring was constructed by forming two C-H bonds and four C-C bonds with two CO2 molecules via deoxygenative conversions. Nine-membered cyclophanes made up of three indoles and three CO2 molecules were also obtained, where the cyclophane framework was constructed by forming six C-H bonds and six C-C bonds. These multicomponent cascade reactions giving completely different carbocycles were switched simply by choosing the solvent, acetonitrile or ethyl acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shoko Nakahara
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Taishin Adachi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takumi Murata
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuto Takaishi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ema
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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7
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Zhang J, Su JY, Zheng H, Li H, Deng WP. Eu(OTf) 3 -Catalyzed Formal Dipolar [4π+2σ] Cycloaddition of Bicyclo-[1.1.0]butanes with Nitrones: Access to Polysubstituted 2-Oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318476. [PMID: 38288790 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we have synthesized multifunctionalized 2-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes, which are considered potential bioisosteres for meta-substituted arenes, through Eu(OTf)3 -catalyzed formal dipolar [4π+2σ] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with nitrones. This methodology represents the initial instance of fabricating bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes adorned with multiple heteroatoms. The protocol exhibits both mild reaction conditions and a good tolerance for various functional groups. Computational density functional theory calculations support that the reaction mechanism likely involves a nucleophilic addition of nitrones to bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes, succeeded by an intramolecular cyclization. The synthetic utility of this novel protocol has been demonstrated in the concise synthesis of the analogue of Rupatadine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jia-Yi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hanliang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wei-Ping Deng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, China
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