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Alabi PE, Gautier C, Murphy TP, Gu X, Lepas M, Aimanianda V, Sello JK, Ene IV. Small molecules restore azole activity against drug-tolerant and drug-resistant Candida isolates. mBio 2023; 14:e0047923. [PMID: 37326546 PMCID: PMC10470600 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00479-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Each year, fungi cause more than 1.5 billion infections worldwide and have a devastating impact on human health, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or patients in intensive care units. The limited antifungal arsenal and emerging multidrug-resistant species necessitate the development of new therapies. One strategy for combating drug-resistant pathogens is the administration of molecules that restore fungal susceptibility to approved drugs. Accordingly, we carried out a screen to identify small molecules that could restore the susceptibility of pathogenic Candida species to azole antifungals. This screening effort led to the discovery of novel 1,4-benzodiazepines that restore fluconazole susceptibility in resistant isolates of Candida albicans, as evidenced by 100-1,000-fold potentiation of fluconazole activity. This potentiation effect was also observed in azole-tolerant strains of C. albicans and in other pathogenic Candida species. The 1,4-benzodiazepines selectively potentiated different azoles, but not other approved antifungals. A remarkable feature of the potentiation was that the combination of the compounds with fluconazole was fungicidal, whereas fluconazole alone is fungistatic. Interestingly, the potentiators were not toxic to C. albicans in the absence of fluconazole, but inhibited virulence-associated filamentation of the fungus. We found that the combination of the potentiators and fluconazole significantly enhanced host survival in a Galleria mellonella model of systemic fungal infection. Taken together, these observations validate a strategy wherein small molecules can restore the activity of highly used anti-infectives that have lost potency. IMPORTANCE In the last decade, we have been witnessing a higher incidence of fungal infections, due to an expansion of the fungal species capable of causing disease (e.g., Candida auris), as well as increased antifungal drug resistance. Among human fungal pathogens, Candida species are a leading cause of invasive infections and are associated with high mortality rates. Infections by these pathogens are commonly treated with azole antifungals, yet the expansion of drug-resistant isolates has reduced their clinical utility. In this work, we describe the discovery and characterization of small molecules that potentiate fluconazole and restore the susceptibility of azole-resistant and azole-tolerant Candida isolates. Interestingly, the potentiating 1,4-benzodiazepines were not toxic to fungal cells but inhibited their virulence-associated filamentous growth. Furthermore, combinations of the potentiators and fluconazole decreased fungal burdens and enhanced host survival in a Galleria mellonella model of systemic fungal infections. Accordingly, we propose the use of novel antifungal potentiators as a powerful strategy for addressing the growing resistance of fungi to clinically approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip E. Alabi
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cécile Gautier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Fungal Heterogeneity Group, Paris, France
| | - Thomas P. Murphy
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Xilin Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mathieu Lepas
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Molecular Mycology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Vishukumar Aimanianda
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Molecular Mycology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Jason K. Sello
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Iuliana V. Ene
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Fungal Heterogeneity Group, Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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2
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Fan X, Wu H, Tang Z, Zhang H, Cai L, Bi X, Zhao H. Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition Between in situ Formed 1,4‐Benzodiazepin‐2‐One‐Based Azomethine Ylides and Azodicarboxylic Acid Derivatives: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spiro‐1,4‐Benzodiazepin‐2‐Ones. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Zu Fan
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui‐Hui Wu
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Tang
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Lu‐Yu Cai
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐Fan Bi
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong‐Wu Zhao
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
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3
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Dalovai P, Karunakar GV, Damodaran Nadar V, Doddi VR, Kanaparthy S. Gold-catalyzed formation of substituted aminobenzophenone derivatives via intramolecular 6-endo-dig cyclization. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-020-01860-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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Bond AG, Testa A, Ciulli A. Stereoselective synthesis of allele-specific BET inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7533-7539. [PMID: 32756710 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01165g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing stereoselective synthetic routes that are efficient and cost-effective allows easy access to biologically active molecules. Our previous syntheses of allele-selective bumped inhibitors of the Bromo and Extra-Terminal (BET) domain proteins, Brd2, Brd3, Brd4 and BrdT, required a wasteful, late-stage alkylation step and expensive chiral separation. To circumvent these limitations, we developed a route based on stereocontrolled alkylation of an N-Pf protected aspartic acid derivative that was used in a divergent, racemisation-free protocol to yield structurally diverse and enantiopure triazolodiazepines. With this approach, we synthesized bumped thienodiazepine-based BET inhibitor, ET-JQ1-OMe, in five steps and 99% ee without the need for chiral chromatography. Exquisite selectivity of ET-JQ1-OMe for Leu-Ala and Leu-Val mutants over wild-type bromodomain was established by isothermal titration calorimetry and X-ray crystallography. Our new approach provides unambiguous chemical evidence for the absolute stereochemistry of the active, allele-specific BET inhibitors and a viable route that will open wider access to this compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Bond
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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5
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Xie F, Zhang B, Chen Y, Jia H, Sun L, Zhuang K, Yin L, Cheng M, Lin B, Liu Y. A Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization to Benzo[
b
]indeno[1,2‐
e
][1,4]diazepines from
o
‐Phenylenediamines and Ynones. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fukai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Kaitong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Yin
- Shenyang Heshi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Shengyang 110163 People's Republic of China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
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Knutson DE, Roni R, Mian Y, Cook JM, Stafford DC, Arnold LA. Improved scale-up synthesis and purification of clinical asthma candidate MIDD0301. Org Process Res Dev 2020; 24:1467-1476. [PMID: 32952391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report an improved and scalable synthesis of MIDD0301, a positive GABAA receptor modulator that is under development as oral and inhaled treatments for asthma. In contrast to other benzodiazepines in clinical use, MIDD0301 is a chiral compound that has limited brain absorption. The starting material to generate MIDD0301 is 2-amino-5-bromo-2'-fluorobenzophenone, which has a non-basic nitrogen due to electron withdrawing substituents in the ortho and para positions, reducing its reactivity towards activated carboxylic acids. Investigations of peptide coupling reagents on multigram scale resulted in moderate yields due to incomplete conversions. Secondly, basic conditions used for the formation of the seven-membered 1,4-diazepine ring resulted in racemization of the chiral center. We found that neutral conditions comparable to the pKa of the primary amine were sufficient to support the formation of the intramolecular imine but did not enable the simultaneous removal of the protecting group. Both difficulties were overcome with the application of the N-carboxyanhydride of D-alanine. Activated in the presence of acid, this compound reacted with non-basic 2-amino-5-bromo-2'-fluorobenzophenone and formed the 1,4-diazepine upon neutralization with triethylamine. Carefully designed workup procedures and divergent solubility of the synthetic intermediates in solvents and solvent combinations were utilized to eliminate the need for column chromatography. To improve compatibility with large scale reactors, temperature-controlled slow addition of reagents generated the imidazodiazepine at -20 °C. All intermediates were isolated with a purity of >97% and impurities were identified and quantified. After the final hydrolysis step, MIDD0301 was isolated in a 44% overall yield and purity of 98.9% after recrystallization. The enantiomeric excess was greater than 99.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Knutson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Rashid Roni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Yeunus Mian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Douglas C Stafford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States.,Pantherics Incorporated, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Leggy A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States.,Pantherics Incorporated, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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7
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Sugisawa N, Otake Y, Nakamura H, Fuse S. Single-Step, Rapid, and Mild Synthesis of β-Amino Acid N-Carboxy Anhydrides Using Micro-Flow Technology. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:79-84. [PMID: 31778028 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
β-Amino acid N-carboxy anhydrides (β-NCAs) are rarely used in the synthesis of β-peptides, which is due mainly to the poor availability of these potentially useful substrates. Herein, we describe the heretofore challenging synthesis of β-NCAs via a single-step, rapid, and mild formation using pH flash switching and flash dilution, which are aspects of micro-flow technology. We synthesized 15 β-NCAs in good to excellent yields that included acid-labile β-NCAs that cannot be readily synthesized using the conventional Leuchs approach. Scaled-up synthesis using this process can be readily achieved via continuous operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Sugisawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuma Otake
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Fuse
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Present address: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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8
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Ahmed N, Shamsabadi A, Chudasama V. Formation of Synthetically Versatile 2-Aminobenzophenones from Readily Accessed Acyl Hydrazides. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:22601-22612. [PMID: 31909344 PMCID: PMC6941372 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the transformation of readily accessed acyl hydrazides into protected 2-aminobenzophenones via a two-step process involving an aryne-based molecular rearrangement followed by a one-pot addition-elimination procedure. The assembly of the scaffold is tolerant of a wide variety of functional groups, and the carbamate group on the product can be facilely removed to afford highly valuable 2-aminobenzophenones. Application of the protocol was demonstrated in the synthesis of neurological medicine phenazepam.
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9
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Laconde G, Amblard M, Martinez J. Unexpected Reactivity of N
-Acyl-Benzotriazoles with Aromatic Amines in Acidic Medium (ABAA Reaction). European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Laconde
- Department of Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins; Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR5247 CNRS; Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie; 15 avenue Charles Flahault 34093 Montpellier France
| | - Muriel Amblard
- Department of Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins; Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR5247 CNRS; Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie; 15 avenue Charles Flahault 34093 Montpellier France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Department of Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins; Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR5247 CNRS; Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie; 15 avenue Charles Flahault 34093 Montpellier France
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10
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Hyland IK, O'Toole RF, Smith JA, Bissember AC. Progress in the Development of Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor (PAFr) Antagonists and Applications in the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1873-1884. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel K. Hyland
- School of Natural Sciences Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Hobart Australia
| | | | - Jason A. Smith
- School of Natural Sciences Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Hobart Australia
| | - Alex C. Bissember
- School of Natural Sciences Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Hobart Australia
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11
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Feng T, Tian M, Zhang X, Fan X. Tunable Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclohexa-1,3-dienes and 2-Aminobenzophenones/Benzoate from the Cascade Reactions of Allenic Ketones/Allenoate with Amines and Enones. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5313-5322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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12
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13
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Wang Q, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of 2-aminobenzophenones through acylation of anilines with α-oxocarboxylic acids assisted by tert-butyl nitrite. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7737-7747. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01846d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly facile all-in-one-pot synthesis of 2-aminobenzophenones directly from anilines, tert-butyl nitrite and α-oxocarboxylic acids under the catalysis of Pd(OAc)2 is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Xuesen Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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14
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Synthesis of 2,3,6-trisubstituted pyridines by transition-metal free cyclization of 1,3-diynes with amino acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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