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Chen F, Zhao XX, Zhang HT, Ma YN, Chen X. Facile Friedel-Crafts alkylation of arenes under solvent-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2187-2191. [PMID: 38391292 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The Friedel-Crafts alkylation of arenes is an important part of electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. However, the reactivity of arenes is weakened by electron-withdrawing substituents, leading to limited substrate scopes and applications. Herein, we developed an efficient HOTf-promoted Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of broad arenes with α-aryl-α-diazoesters under metal-free and solvent-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feijing Chen
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Xiao-Xiao Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Hao-Tian Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Yan-Na Ma
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Xuenian Chen
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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2
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Babbar A, Yamini P, Saleem M, Yadagiri D. Transition metal-catalyzed reactivity of carbenes with boronic acid derivatives for arylation (alkylation) and beyond. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7062-7078. [PMID: 37610724 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review article discussed the reactivity of carbenes with boronic acid derivatives for the one-pot synthesis of diarylmethanes, difluoromethylated arenes, aryl and alkyl boron compounds, arylacetic acid derivatives, furan derivatives, and many other compounds. We have summarized the arylation, vinylation, and alkylation of carbenes utilizing various transition metals, viz. palladium, rhodium, copper, and platinum, for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds, carbon-boron bonds, and beyond through the cross-coupling strategy. The reason for the increasing popularity of these novel methodologies is their application in the synthesis and late-stage functionalization of biologically active compounds and natural products. Notably, organoboron compounds are exemplified as versatile synthetic intermediates for constructing various bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Babbar
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Pokhriyal Yamini
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Dongari Yadagiri
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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3
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Boni YT, Vaitla J, Davies HML. Catalyst Controlled Site- and Stereoselective Rhodium(II) Carbene C(sp 3)-H Functionalization of Allyl Boronates. Org Lett 2023; 25:5-10. [PMID: 36563330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium(II) catalyst-controlled site- and stereoselective carbene insertion into the distal allylic C(sp3)-H bond of allyl boronates is reported. The optimum chiral catalyst for this reaction is Rh2(S-TPPTTL)4. The fidelity and asymmetric induction of this catalytic transformation allows for a highly diastereoselective and enantioselective C-C bond formation without interference from the allyl boronate functionality. The resulting functionalized allyl boronates are susceptible to stereoselective allylations, generating products with control of stereochemistry at four contiguous stereogenic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick T Boni
- Emory University, Department of Chemistry, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Janakiram Vaitla
- Emory University, Department of Chemistry, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huw M L Davies
- Emory University, Department of Chemistry, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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4
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Abstract
The scientific community has found deep interest in anthraquinone-based compounds due to their therapeutic properties and challenging structural elements. Various architecturally beautiful natural products have been successfully synthesized in recent decades utilizing two main strategies: either an early-stage synthesis of the anthraquinone and further elongation of the system, or a late-stage introduction of the anthraquinone ring moiety. Select syntheses of complex anthraquinone monomers and dimers within the past 20 years are described with an emphasis on the retrosynthetic disconnections that shape the anthraquinone-installation strategy.
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5
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Gartman JA, Tambar UK. Synthetic Studies of the Rubellin Natural Products: Development of a Stereoselective Strategy and Total Synthesis of (+)-Rubellin C. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11237-11262. [PMID: 34288689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript describes our studies of the class of natural products known as the rubellins, culminating in the total synthesis of (+)-rubellin C. These anthraquinone-based natural products contain a variety of stereochemical and architectural motifs, including a 6-5-6-fused ring system, 5 stereogenic centers, and a central quaternary center. Herein, we report our development of a strategy to target the stereochemically dense core and anthraquinone nucleus, including approaches such as a bifunctional allylboron and vinyl triflate reagent, an anthraquinone benzylic metalation strategy, and a late-stage anthraquinone introduction strategy. Our studies culminate in a successful route to highly functionalized anthraquinone-based natural product scaffolds and a stereoselective total synthesis of (+)-rubellin C. These strategies and outcomes will aid in synthetic planning toward anthraquinone-based natural products of high interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson A Gartman
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Uttam K Tambar
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
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6
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Hatridge TA, Wei B, Davies HML, Jones CW. Copper-Catalyzed, Aerobic Oxidation of Hydrazone in a Three-Phase Packed Bed Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Hatridge
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
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7
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Liu W, Twilton J, Wei B, Lee M, Hopkins MN, Bacsa J, Stahl SS, Davies HML. Copper-Catalyzed Oxidation of Hydrazones to Diazo Compounds Using Oxygen as the Terminal Oxidant. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Jack Twilton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Maizie Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Melissa N. Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
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8
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Abstract
The rubellins are a family of stereochemically complex anthraquinoid heterodimers containing an unprecedented chemical scaffold. Although the rubellins have been known for over three decades, no total synthesis has been achieved since their discovery. Their topology is characterized by a 6-5-6 fused ring system, five neighboring stereocenters including a quaternary center all in a convoluted core, and an anthraquinone nucleus. The rubellin architecture has been shown to inhibit and reverse the aggregation of tau protein, a therapeutically relevant target for Alzheimer's disease. Herein, we describe the first stereoselective synthesis of a member of the family, (+)-rubellin C, in 16 steps. Strategic disconnections allow expedient construction of stereochemical and topological intricacy in a short sequence of borylative and transition metal-catalyzed steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson A Gartman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Uttam K Tambar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
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9
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da Silva AF, Afonso MAS, Cormanich RA, Jurberg ID. Room Temperature Coupling of Aryldiazoacetates with Boronic Acids Enhanced by Blue Light Irradiation. Chemistry 2020; 26:5648-5653. [PMID: 31999021 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted photochemical protocol is reported for the coupling of aryldiazoacetates with boronic acids. This photochemical reaction shows great enhancement compared to the same protocol performed in the absence of light. Except for a few cases, the room temperature coupling in the dark (thermal process) generally does not work. When it does, it is likely to also involve free carbenes as key intermediates. Alternatively, photochemical reactions show a broad scope, can be performed under air and tolerate a wide variety of functional groups. Reaction-evolution monitoring, DFT calculations and control experiments have been used to evaluate the main aspects of this intricate mechanistic scenario. Biologically active molecules Adiphenine, Benactyzine and Aprophen have been prepared as examples of synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F da Silva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 270, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco A S Afonso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 270, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Cormanich
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 270, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor D Jurberg
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 270, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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10
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Iwamoto H, Hayashi Y, Ozawa Y, Ito H. Silyl-Group-Directed Linear-Selective Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Trisubstituted Allylboronates Using a Copper(I) Catalyst. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Iwamoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yuta Hayashi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yu Ozawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
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11
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Da Ho L, Otog N, Fujisawa I, Iwasa S. Catalytic Asymmetric Carbene Transfer Reactions of Diazo Oxime Ethers with Olefins and Their Synthetic Applications. Org Lett 2019; 21:7470-7474. [PMID: 31482700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first catalytic asymmetric cyclopropanation of diazo oxime ethers with olefins was developed. In the presence of a Ru(II)-Pheox catalyst, various optically active cyclopropyl oxime derivatives were obtained in high yields (up to 99%) with high enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee). Furthermore, optically active cyclopropyl oxime ethers could be successfully converted into the corresponding cyclopropyl methylamine derivatives via metal hydride and Grignard reagent mediated Beckmann rearrangement, which are potential candidates for the assessment of biological and pharmaceutical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Da Ho
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science , Toyohashi University of Technology , 1-1 Hibarigaoka , Tempaku-cho , Toyohashi 441-8580 , Japan
| | - Nansalmaa Otog
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science , Toyohashi University of Technology , 1-1 Hibarigaoka , Tempaku-cho , Toyohashi 441-8580 , Japan
| | - Ikuhide Fujisawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science , Toyohashi University of Technology , 1-1 Hibarigaoka , Tempaku-cho , Toyohashi 441-8580 , Japan
| | - Seiji Iwasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science , Toyohashi University of Technology , 1-1 Hibarigaoka , Tempaku-cho , Toyohashi 441-8580 , Japan
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12
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Payet A, Blondeau B, Behr JB, Vasse JL. Synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted cyclohexenes from dienylethers via sequential hydrozirconation/deoxygenative cyclisation. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:798-802. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02925c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of 1,3-disubstituted cyclohexenes from 3-methoxyhexa-1,5-dienes involving a sequential hydrozirconation/TMSOTf-mediated activation is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Payet
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims
- CNRS (UMR 7312) and Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2
- France
| | - Benjamin Blondeau
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims
- CNRS (UMR 7312) and Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2
- France
| | - Jean-Bernard Behr
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims
- CNRS (UMR 7312) and Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2
- France
| | - Jean-Luc Vasse
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims
- CNRS (UMR 7312) and Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2
- France
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13
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2017. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Wang D, de Wit MJM, Szabó KJ. Synthesis of Densely Substituted Conjugated Dienes by Transition-Metal-Free Reductive Coupling of Allenylboronic Acids and Tosylhydrazones. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8786-8792. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin J. M. de Wit
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kálmán J. Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Thomas BN, Moon PJ, Yin S, Brown A, Lundgren RJ. Z-Selective iridium-catalyzed cross-coupling of allylic carbonates and α-diazo esters. Chem Sci 2018; 9:238-244. [PMID: 29629093 PMCID: PMC5869292 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04283c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A well-defined Ir-allyl complex catalyzes the Z-selective cross-coupling of allyl carbonates with α-aryl diazo esters. The process overrides the large thermodynamic preference for E-products typically observed in metal-mediated coupling reactions to enable the synthesis of Z,E-dieneoates in good yield with selectivities consistently approaching or greater than 90 : 10. This transformation represents the first productive merger of Ir-carbene and Ir-allyl species, which are commonly encountered intermediates in allylation and cyclopropanation/E-H insertion catalysis. Potentially reactive functional groups (aryl halides, ketones, nitriles, olefins, amines) are tolerated owing to the mildness of reaction conditions. Kinetic analysis of the reaction suggests oxidative addition of the allyl carbonate to an Ir-species is rate-determining. Mechanistic studies uncovered a pathway for catalyst activation mediated by NEt3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce N Thomas
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada .
| | - Patrick J Moon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada .
| | - Shengkang Yin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada .
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada .
| | - Rylan J Lundgren
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada .
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