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Walker KL, Loach RP, Movassaghi M. Total synthesis of complex 2,5-diketopiperazine alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2023; 90:159-206. [PMID: 37716796 PMCID: PMC10955524 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) motif is present in many biologically relevant, complex natural products. The cyclodipeptide substructure offers structural rigidity and stability to proteolysis that makes these compounds promising candidates for medical applications. Due to their fascinating molecular architecture, synthetic organic chemists have focused significant effort on the total synthesis of these compounds. This review covers many such efforts on the total synthesis of DKP containing complex alkaloid natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Richard P Loach
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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2
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Koshizuka M, Shinoda K, Makino K, Shimada N. Concise Synthesis of 2,5-Diketopiperazines via Catalytic Hydroxy-Directed Peptide Bond Formations. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37125993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
2,5-Diketopiperazines (DKPs) with hydroxymethyl functional groups are essential structures found in many bioactive molecules and functional materials. We have established a simple protocol for the concise synthesis of this type of DKPs through diboronic acid anhydride-catalyzed hydroxy-directed peptide bond formations. The sequential reactions in this report, which consist of three steps, an intermolecular catalytic condensation reaction in which water is the only byproduct, a simple deprotection of the nitrogen-protecting group, and an intramolecular cyclization, enabled the synthesis of functionalized DKPs in high to excellent yields without any intermediate purification. The utility of this protocol has been demonstrated by synthesizing natural products, phomamide and Cyclo(Deala-l-Leu).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Koshizuka
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kaito Shinoda
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuishi Makino
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Shimada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Molecular Transformations, Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Natural Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
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3
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Alvin Tan CX, Mei GJ, Lu Y. Phosphine-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Achiral MBH Carbonates with 3,3'-Bisindolines: Enantioselective Construction of Quaternary Stereogenic Centers. Org Lett 2021; 23:1787-1792. [PMID: 33615793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) of achiral Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) carbonates with 3,3'-bisindolines under the catalysis of amino-acid-derived bifunctional phosphines was accomplished. With the AAA approach introduced herein, challenging 3,3'-bisindolines bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter (C3a) have been constructed in good yields with good to excellent enantioselectivties. In addition, the synthetic value of this protocol was demonstrated by the facile synthesis of the core skeleton of gliocladin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xiang Alvin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore.,Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 117456 Singapore
| | - Guang-Jian Mei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore.,Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore.,Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 117456 Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, Fujian 350207, China
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4
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Kaur BP, Kaur J, Chimni SS. Arenesulfonyl indole: new precursor for diversification of C-3 functionalized indoles. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2126-2140. [PMID: 35424187 PMCID: PMC8693840 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09133b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arenesulfonyl indoles, bearing a good leaving group, are effective precursors for vinylogous imine intermediates which are generated in situ under basic conditions. This intermediate can readily react with other nucleophilic reagents to obtain C-3 substituted indole derivatives. In the last few years, a plethora of exciting synthetic applications of this substrate have been exploited. The stability of arylsulfonyl-containing substrates, mild reaction conditions, and the large variety of nucleophiles involved in these procedures are the key to their success in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banni Preet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, U.G.C. Centre of Advance Study-II, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab India
| | - Jasneet Kaur
- Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry, Khalsa College Amritsar Punjab India
| | - Swapandeep Singh Chimni
- Department of Chemistry, U.G.C. Centre of Advance Study-II, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab India
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5
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Banerjee A, Panda G. Total synthesis of selected bioactive alkaloids, their structure–function relationships and molecular target interactions: A comparative synthetic analysis of tryptophan originated chiral pool approaches vs other synthons. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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6
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Hajra S, Roy S, Mondal AS. Co(III)salen Catalyzed Enantioselective C3‐Indolylation of Spiro‐Epoxyoxindoles and Its Mechanistic Studies. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Hajra
- Center of Biomedical Research Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 India
| | - Sayan Roy
- Center of Biomedical Research Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 India
| | - Ananda Shankar Mondal
- Center of Biomedical Research Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 India
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Koji Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
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8
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Tasdan Y, Mei GJ, Lu Y. Enantioselective synthesis of mixed 3,3'-bisindoles via a phosphine-catalyzed umpolung γ-addition of 3'-indolyl-3-oxindoles to allenoates. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:557-563. [PMID: 36659187 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective umpolung γ-addition reaction of 3'-indolyl-3-oxindoles to allenoates catalyzed by amino acid-derived bifunctional phosphine catalysts has been developed. A wide range of chiral mixed 3,3'-bisindole scaffolds containing an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center were obtained in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities. 3,3'-Bisindoles are valuable synthetic intermediates, the employment of which led to formal total syntheses of (+)-Chimonanthine, (+)-Folicanthine and (-)-Calycanthine, as well as facile creation of useful pyrrolidinoindoline core structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yildiz Tasdan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Guang-Jian Mei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 359297, China; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
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9
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Thakur N, Patil RA, Talebi M, Readel ER, Armstrong DW. Enantiomeric impurities in chiral catalysts, auxiliaries, and synthons used in enantioselective syntheses. Part 5. Chirality 2019; 31:688-699. [PMID: 31318099 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The enantiomeric excess of chiral starting materials is one of the important factors determining the enantiopurity of products in asymmetric synthesis. Fifty-one commercially available chiral reagents used as building blocks, catalysts, and auxiliaries in various enantioselective syntheses were assayed for their enantiomeric purity. The test results were classified within five impurities level (ie, <0.01%, 0.01%-0.1%, 0.1%-1%, 1%-10%, >10%). Previously from 1998 to 2013, several reports have been published on the enantiomeric composition of more than 300 chiral reagents. This series of papers is necessitated by the fact that new reagents are forthcoming and that the enantiomeric purity of the same reagent can vary from batch to batch and/or from supplier to supplier. This report presents chiral liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) methods to separate enantiomers of chiral compounds and evaluate their enantiomeric purities. The accurate and efficient LC analysis was done using newly introduced superficially porous particle (SPP 2.7 μm) based chiral stationary phases (TeicoShell, VancoShell, LarihcShell-P, and NicoShell).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Rahul A Patil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Mohsen Talebi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Elizabeth R Readel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
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10
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Mao K, Dai L, Liu Y, Rong L. An Efficient Five‐Component Reaction for the Synthesis of 4,4′‐((2‐Oxoindoline‐3,3‐diyl)bis(methylene))bis(2‐aryl‐1
H
‐pyrrolo[3,4‐
c
]quinoline‐1,3(2
H
)‐dione) Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - Liangce Rong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
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11
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Abe T, Aoyama S, Ohmura M, Taniguchi M, Yamada K. Revisiting Furodiindolines: One-Pot Synthesis of Furodiindolines Using Indole 2,3-Epoxide Surrogates and Their Synthetic Applications. Org Lett 2019; 21:3367-3371. [PMID: 30997809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Furodiindolines have emerged as versatile intermediates in various transformations, which are easily obtained from indole 2,3-epoxide surrogates via a one-pot procedure and allowed access to heterocyclic compounds with structural diversity and complexity. Four types of transformations from the furodiindolines have been achieved: (i) dehydrative rearrangement to afford 2,3'-biindoles, (ii) hydrolysis/cyclization to give 3,4-disubstituted quinolines, (iii) ring-opening/cyclization to give pyrroloindolines, and (iv) aminal cleavage to give a 3,3-disubstituted 2-oxindole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293 , Japan
| | - Sakura Aoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293 , Japan
| | - Masami Ohmura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293 , Japan
| | - Masato Taniguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293 , Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293 , Japan
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12
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Min W, Li H, Quan Z, Yang C, Huo C. Auto-Oxidation-Induced Construction of Isatins from Glycine Derivatives. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Min
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University Lanzhou; Gansu 730070 China
| | - Haitao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University Lanzhou; Gansu 730070 China
| | - Zhengjun Quan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University Lanzhou; Gansu 730070 China
| | - Caixia Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University Lanzhou; Gansu 730070 China
| | - Congde Huo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University Lanzhou; Gansu 730070 China
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13
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Xi YK, Zhang H, Li RX, Kang SY, Li J, Li Y. Total Synthesis of Spirotryprostatins through Organomediated Intramolecular Umpolung Cyclization. Chemistry 2019; 25:3005-3009. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kai Xi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan province, State Key Laboratory for, Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan; School of, Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming Yunnan 650091 P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan province, State Key Laboratory for, Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan; School of, Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming Yunnan 650091 P. R. China
| | - Rui-Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan province, State Key Laboratory for, Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan; School of, Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming Yunnan 650091 P. R. China
| | - Shi-Yuan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan province, State Key Laboratory for, Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan; School of, Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming Yunnan 650091 P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan province, State Key Laboratory for, Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan; School of, Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming Yunnan 650091 P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan province, State Key Laboratory for, Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan; School of, Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming Yunnan 650091 P. R. China
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14
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Hodges TR, Benjamin NM, Martin SF. Concise approach to the syntheses of (±)-gliocladin C and related diketopiperazine alkaloids. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiwu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanxing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
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16
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Schlegel M, Schneider C. Lewis acid-catalyzed Friedel–Crafts reactions toward highly versatile, α-quaternary oxime ethers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11124-11127. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06823b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary 2-hydroxy oxime ethers are converted into α-functionalized, all-carbon-substituted products under Lewis acid catalysis in a SN1-reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schlegel
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Leipzig
- D-04103 Leipzig
- Germany
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17
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Tayu M, Hui Y, Takeda S, Higuchi K, Saito N, Kawasaki T. Total Synthesis of (+)-Gliocladin C Based on One-Pot Construction of a 3a-(3-Indolyl)pyrroloindoline Skeleton by Sulfonium-Mediated Cross-Coupling of Tryptophan and Indole. Org Lett 2017; 19:6582-6585. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Tayu
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Yi Hui
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Shiori Takeda
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | | | - Nozomi Saito
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kawasaki
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
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