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Shen Y, Liang X, Ma T, Zhou D, Liu W, Ma J, Wu W, Yu Z, Yang C. Phenacetin[3]Arenes: Mannich-Type Macrocyclization, Unique Structure, Versatile Functionalization, and Strong Allosteric Binding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025:e202504211. [PMID: 40317725 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202504211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2025] [Revised: 05/02/2025] [Accepted: 05/02/2025] [Indexed: 05/07/2025]
Abstract
This work introduces a novel NAm-CH₂-CAr macrocyclization pathway, diverging from the conventional CAr-CH₂-CAr linkages prevalent in macrocyclic arenes. This approach involves a one-pot condensation of - Phenacetin and its homologs with formaldehyde, yielding phenacetin[3]arenes (Ph[3]s) in yields up to 25.9%. Ph[3] exhibits an unsymmetrical hourglass-shaped architecture, featuring an upper rim adorned with amide groups and a lower rim comprising an alkoxylbenzene cavity. This unique structure facilitates reversible equilibrium between conformers via benzene ring flipping, which simultaneously reverses the orientation of amide groups, establishing equilibrium between C3 and F conformers. Increasing concentrations of organic ammonium guests lead to a transition from a predominantly 1:1 to 1:2 host-guest complexation. The estimated binding constants for the 1:1 complexes are in the order of 104-105 M-1, the overall binding constants for the 1:2 complexes are greater than 106 M-2. This stepwise complexation triggers a conformational shift from the C3 to F conformer, demonstrating intriguing allosteric behavior. Furthermore, interactions with chiral guests selectively influence the equilibrium of planar chiral conformers, generating chiroptical responses suitable for chirality sensing applications. The distinct functional groups on the two rims facilitate diverse chemical modifications, including reduction, deprotection, and condensation, providing synthetic flexibility for post-chemical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaotong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Tianning Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Dayang Zhou
- Comprehensive Analysis Center, ISIR and Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Wenjia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jingyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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2
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Wang Y, Yao H, Yang L, Quan M, Jiang W. Synthesis, Configurational Analysis, Molecular Recognition and Chirality Sensing of Methylene‐Bridged Naphthotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211853. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Fang Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Huan Yao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Liu‐Pan Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Mao Quan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
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3
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Wang YF, Yao H, Yang LP, Quan M, Jiang W. Synthesis, Configurational Analysis, Molecular Recognition and Chirality Sensing of Methylene‐Bridged Naphthotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang Wang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Huan Yao
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Liu-Pan Yang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Xueyuan Blvd 1088Nanshan District 518055 Shenzhen CHINA
| | - Mao Quan
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Xueyuan Blvd 1088Nanshan District 518055 Shenzhen CHINA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Nanshan District 518055 Shenzhen CHINA
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4
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Shi Q, Wang X, Liu B, Qiao P, Li J, Wang L. Macrocyclic host molecules with aromatic building blocks: the state of the art and progress. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12379-12405. [PMID: 34726202 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic host molecules play the central role in host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry. The highly structural symmetry of macrocyclic host molecules can meet people's pursuit of aesthetics in molecular design, and generally means a balance of design, synthesis, properties and applications. For macrocyclic host molecules with highly symmetrical structures, building blocks, which could be described as repeat units as well, are the most fundamental elements for molecular design. The structural features and recognition ability of macrocyclic host molecules are determined by the building blocks and their connection patterns. Using different building blocks, different macrocyclic host molecules could be designed and synthesized. With decades of developments of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry, diverse macrocyclic host molecules with different building blocks have been designed and synthesized. Aromatic building blocks are a big family among the various building blocks used in constructing macrocyclic host molecules. In this feature article, the recent developments of macrocyclic host molecules with aromatic building blocks were summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xuping Wang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Panyu Qiao
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jing Li
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Strength Lightweight Metallic Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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5
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Ding Y, Jiao J, Sun B, Yang Z, Lin C, Wang L. The facile preparation of p-(methoxy)calix[n]arenes (n = 6, 7, or 8) and their permethylated derivatives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang JQ, Han Y, Chen CF. 3,6-Fluoren[5]arenes: synthesis, structure and complexation with fullerenes C60 and C70. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3987-3990. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00916h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
3,6-Fluoren[5]arenes with big and rich-electron cavities were conveniently synthesized, which could form stable 1 : 1 complexes with fullerenes in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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7
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Tominaga M, Fujimaru K, Hyodo T, Yamaguchi K. Selective alkane co-inclusion by methylene- and adamantane-bridged macrocycle with biphenyl units. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00722j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A methylene- and adamantane-bridged macrocycle with biphenyl units showed selective co-inclusion of n-hexane among the hexane isomers through crystallization. In the use of n-pentane or n-heptane, inclusion crystals with alkanes were not formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Tominaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus
- Tokushima Bunri University
- Sanuki
- Japan
| | - Kousuke Fujimaru
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus
- Tokushima Bunri University
- Sanuki
- Japan
| | - Tadashi Hyodo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus
- Tokushima Bunri University
- Sanuki
- Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus
- Tokushima Bunri University
- Sanuki
- Japan
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8
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Wu JR, Wang Y, Yang YW. Elongated-Geminiarene: Syntheses, Solid-State Conformational Investigations, and Application in Aromatics/Cyclic Aliphatics Separation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003490. [PMID: 32697434 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Energy-saving separation and purification of industrially important compounds with similar physical and chemical properties by novel molecular crystalline materials are of great importance and highly desired. Here a newly enlarged version of geminiarene, namely elongated-geminiarene (ElGA), is first designed and synthesized. Taking advantages of both geminiarenes and biphenarenes, ElGA shows great features including scalable synthesis, nanometer-sized cavity, rich blend of conformational features, and excellent solid-state host-guest properties. Significantly, the functional crystalline materials of ElGA are highly effective in the separation of aromatics and cyclic aliphatics, showing a preference for dimethylbenzene over its corresponding hydrogenation products and paving a new avenue for separation science and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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9
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Cohen Y, Slovak S. Diffusion NMR for the characterization, in solution, of supramolecular systems based on calixarenes, resorcinarenes, and other macrocyclic arenes. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00329k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of diffusion NMR in studying calixarenes and other arene-based supramolecular systems is described, emphasizing the pivotal role played by the calixarene community in transforming the methods into a routine tool used in supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Cohen
- School of Chemistry
- The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv
- Israel
| | - Sarit Slovak
- School of Chemistry
- The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv
- Israel
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10
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Abstract
This feature article summarizes the latest research progress in the design and development of new synthetic macrocyclic arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC)
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- 2699 Qianjin Street
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC)
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- 2699 Qianjin Street
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11
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Athar M, Das S, Jha PC, Jha AM. Conformational equilibrium study of calix[4]tetrolarenes using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Molecular Dynamics simulations. Supramol Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2018.1517876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Athar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Soubhik Das
- Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Prakash C. Jha
- Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Anand M. Jha
- Department of Chemistry, KSR College Sarairanjan, Samastipur, India
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12
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Tashiro S, Umeki T, Kubota R, Shionoya M. Rational synthesis of benzimidazole[3]arenes by Cu II-catalyzed post-macrocyclization transformation. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7614-7619. [PMID: 30393521 PMCID: PMC6187690 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03086c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of calix[n]arene analogues, benzimidazole[3]arenes, was rationally synthesized by CuII-catalyzed post-macrocyclization transformation of a tris(o-phenylenediamine) macrocycle, and fully characterized by NMR, MS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses.
A new series of calix[n]arene analogues, benzimidazole[3]arenes, was rationally synthesized by CuII-catalyzed post-macrocyclization transformation of a tris(o-phenylenediamine) macrocycle, and fully characterized by NMR, MS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The resulting syn- and anti-benzimidazole[3]arenes have a bowl-shaped and a warped structure, respectively, in their crystalline states, and both display a dynamic inversion behavior in solution. This modification resulted in strong fluorescence due to the generated benzimidazole moieties. The mechanistic study of the post-macrocyclization transformation demonstrated that the formation of both benzimidazole[3]arenes was catalyzed, via triimine intermediates, by CuII ions in air through oxidation and cyclization of the tris(o-phenylenediamine) macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan .
| | - Tsutomu Umeki
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan .
| | - Ryou Kubota
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan .
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan .
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Lande DN, Gejji SP. Exploring Chimeric Calix[4]tetrolarene Molecular Scaffolds: Theoretical Investigations. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4189-4197. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipali N. Lande
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Shridhar P. Gejji
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007, India
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Yang Z, Chen Y, Li G, Tian Z, Zhao L, Wu X, Ma Q, Liu M, Yang P. Supramolecular Recognition of Three Way Junction DNA by a Cationic Calix[3]carbazole. Chemistry 2018; 24:6087-6093. [PMID: 29315943 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
DNA three-way junctions (TWJ-DNA) are intermediate structures in DNA replication and/or recombination. They play very important roles in biological processes, but more subtle functions are still unknown due partially to the lack of a fluorescent ligand. In this study, a cationic calix[3]carbazole (2) has been synthesized and its properties of interacting with TWJ-DNA have been evaluated by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), gel electrophoresis, and 1 H NMR studies. The results show that 2 binds to the central hydrophobic cavity of TWJ-DNA. Moreover, it could selectively bind to TWJ-DNA over duplex and quadruplex DNA. Furthermore, 2 possesses the capability of serving as the TWJ-DNA probe as its trap-II excimer emission is turned on by TWJ-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozheng Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Zhangmin Tian
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Xi Wu
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Qi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
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