3-Methylene-4-amido-1,2-diazetidine as a Formal 1,4-Dipole Precursor: Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Addition with Silylated Nucleophiles

Construction of a 1,2-diazetidine core based on a multicomponent reaction of N,N'-(2,3-dimethylbutane-2,3-diyl)bis(hydroxylamine), arylglyoxals, and Meldrum's acid

Assembly of a 1,2-diazetidine moiety on the basis of vicinal bis(hydroxylamines) was implemented for the first time. This transformation was demonstrated using the multicomponent condensation of N,N'-(2,3-dimethylbutane-2,3-diyl)bis(hydroxylamine) (BHA) with various arylglyoxals and Meldrum's acid as an example. It was found that the investigated process leads to zwitterionic 1,2-diazetidines containing a 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione moiety. As a result of the performed research, a facile approach for the synthesis of target products was developed. We show that the application of acetonitrile as a solvent is the distinctive feature of the proposed method. A one-step synthetic protocol involving readily available starting compounds, simple reaction conditions, atom economy, and a convenient preparative procedure without chromatographic purification are advantages of the presented approach. The structure of one of the synthesized compounds was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray analysis.

Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Between (E)-1,2-Diiodoethene and Carbazates: Entry to β-Functionalized N-Alkenylcarbazates

Aims:

This work aims to widen the scope of methodologies to prepare functionalized N-alkenylcarbazates.

Background:

Alkenylcarbazates are generally prepared via Aza-Baylis-Hillman reactions, nucleophilic attack on ketones or a tandem carbometallation/amidation reaction of alkynes.

Objective:

The objective of this work is to develop a method to prepare functionalized Nalkenylcarbazates that alleviates the problem encountered in the above methods (use of electron deficient alkenes, use of stoiechiometric amounts of metal, access to symmetrical dicarbazates only).

Methods:

Use of copper-catalyzed cross-coupling between vinylic diiodide and carbazates to prepare functionalized N-alkenylcarbazates.

Results:

Various β-iodovinylcarbazates were synthesized with up to good yields. The highest yields were obtained using dicarbazates. Functionalization of β-iodovinylcarbazate demonstrated that the vinyl iodide moiety of these molecules can be substituted by a variety of functional groups via transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions.

Conclusion:

Copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction is efficient to prepare functionalized N-alkenylcarbazates.

Synthesis of strained 1,2-diazetidines via [3 + 1] cycloaddition of C,N-cyclic azomethine imines with isocyanides and synthetic derivation

Strained diazetidines are assembled simply from 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of isocyanides and C,N-cyclic azomethine imines, and their diversified transformations are presented.

Copper-catalyzed stereoselective alkylhydrazination of alkynes

An efficient copper-catalyzed stereoselective alkylhydrazination of alkynes, leading to tri-substituted (E)-alkenylhydrazines, has been developed.

Synthesis of 4,5-Diazaspiro[2.3]hexanes and 1,2-Diazaspiro[3.3]heptanes as Hexahydropyridazine Analogues

4,5-Diazaspiro[2.3]hexanes are made by dihalocarbene addition across the exocyclic double bond of readily accessible 3-alkylidene-1,2-diazetidines. Using difluorocarbene, generated from TMSCF₃/NaI, these spirocycles were produced in yields up to 97% by stereospecific addition across the alkene. Lower yields (up to 64%) were observed using more reactive dichlorocarbene, due to competitive insertion of the carbene into the N-N bond. Larger 1,2-diazaspiro[3.3]heptanes are produced by [2 + 2] cycloaddition of 3-alkylidene-1,2-diazetidines with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) in up to 99% yield.