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Bhagat S, Goel N, Kumari P, Gunjan, Khullar A. Total synthesis of natural products via conjugated ynone intermediates: a new millennium update. Org Biomol Chem 2025. [PMID: 40366135 DOI: 10.1039/d5ob00524h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
Natural products play a vital role in both medicinal chemistry and industrial chemistry due to their unique structural diversity, biological activity, and ability to serve as precursors for the development of therapeutic agents, materials, and chemicals. Drug discovery has always been influenced by natural compounds, which have served as the basis for many medicinal compounds. Ynones, or α,β-acetylenic ketones, are valuable intermediates in organic synthesis and have been used to prepare a variety of natural products and bioactive compounds due to their exceptional reactivity and adaptability. Ynones not only are integral to the biosynthesis of certain natural products but also serve as crucial building blocks in synthetic chemistry due to their ability to undergo various reactions, such as Michael addition and cycloaddition, which can lead to a wide array of structural motifs with diverse biological activities. These substances make it possible for atom-economical processes like cyclizations and rearrangements to produce intricate molecular structures with improved pharmacological characteristics. The synthetic methods developed using ynones from 2005 to 2024 are discussed in this review, with a focus on innovative and environmentally conscious methods of producing natural compounds. Their critical role in medicinal chemistry is highlighted through insights into developments and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Bhagat
- Department of Chemistry, ARSD College, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021, India.
| | - Nikita Goel
- Department of Chemistry, ARSD College, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021, India.
| | - Poonam Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, ARSD College, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021, India.
| | - Gunjan
- Department of Chemistry, ARSD College, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021, India.
| | - Ananya Khullar
- Department of Chemistry, ARSD College, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021, India.
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2
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Smolobochkin A, Gazizov A, Sidlyaruk N, Akylbekov N, Zhapparbergenov R, Burilov A. Cyclic Imines and Their Salts as Universal Precursors in the Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Alkaloids. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 26:288. [PMID: 39796143 PMCID: PMC11719575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26010288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2024] [Revised: 12/28/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are predominantly nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds that are usually isolated from plants, and sometimes from insects or animals. Alkaloids are one of the most important types of natural products due to their diverse biological activities and potential applications in modern medicine. Cyclic imines were chosen as starting compounds for the synthesis of alkaloids due to their high synthetic potential. Thus, this review summarizes the achievements in the synthesis of various alkaloids from cyclic imines, paying special attention to stereoselective methods used for their preparation. Information on the biological activity of some alkaloids, their application and occurrence in natural objects is presented. Synthesis methods are classified based on the type of alkaloid obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Smolobochkin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.G.); (N.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Almir Gazizov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.G.); (N.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Nikita Sidlyaruk
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.G.); (N.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Nurgali Akylbekov
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile, Department of Engineering Technology, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Aiteke bi Str., 29A, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan;
| | - Rakhmetulla Zhapparbergenov
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile, Department of Engineering Technology, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Aiteke bi Str., 29A, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan;
| | - Alexander Burilov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.G.); (N.S.); (A.B.)
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3
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Raison B, Dussart N, Gueyrard D. Modified Julia olefination on pyrrolidinone: Application to the total synthesis of indolizidine 209D. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Raison
- ICBMS Equipe CO2-Glyco: Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moleculaires et Supramoleculaires Equipe de Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie Chemistry 1 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne FRANCE
| | - Nicolas Dussart
- ICBMS Equipe CO2-Glyco: Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moleculaires et Supramoleculaires Equipe de Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie Chemistry 1 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne FRANCE
| | - David Gueyrard
- UCBL LCO2 43 bd du 11 novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne FRANCE
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4
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Chen K, Huang D, Sun X. Strategy Analysis of Ynones’ Radical Reactions. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x18666210810154051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
This review highlights the multifaceted synthetic applications of ynones in radical reactions.
Substantial progress has been made over the last decade (2010-2020) in the utilization of
ynones. Herein, the chemistry of ynones is divided into three sections based on the classes of critical
mechanistic insights: (1) radical addition and intramolecular cyclization; (2) radical addition
and intermolecular annulation; (3) radical addition and coupling. We hope that this review will
promote future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Lishui University, Lishui City 323000, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Dayun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Lishui University, Lishui City 323000, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- Torch High Technology Industry Development Center, Ministry of Science & Technology, Xicheng District, Beijing, P.R. China
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Inprung N, Ho HE, Rossi-Ashton JA, Epton RG, Whitwood AC, Lynam JM, Taylor RJK, James MJ, Unsworth WP. Indole-ynones as Privileged Substrates for Radical Dearomatizing Spirocyclization Cascades. Org Lett 2022; 24:668-674. [PMID: 34985297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Indole-ynones have been established as general substrates for radical dearomatizing spirocyclization cascade reactions. Five distinct and varied synthetic protocols have been developed─cyanomethylation, sulfonylation, trifluoromethylation, stannylation and borylation─using a variety of radical generation modes, ranging from photoredox catalysis to traditional AIBN methods. The simple and easily prepared indole-ynones can be used to rapidly generate diverse, densely functionalized spirocycles and have the potential to become routinely used to explore radical reactivity. Experimental and computational investigations support the proposed radical cascade mechanism and suggest that other new methods are now primed for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantachai Inprung
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Hon Eong Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | | | - Ryan G Epton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Adrian C Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jason M Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Richard J K Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Michael J James
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - William P Unsworth
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
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Inprung N, James MJ, Taylor RJK, Unsworth WP. A Thiol-Mediated Three-Step Ring Expansion Cascade for the Conversion of Indoles into Functionalized Quinolines. Org Lett 2021; 23:2063-2068. [PMID: 33645997 PMCID: PMC8041380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
An operationally simple, high yielding three-step cascade process is described for the direct conversion of indole-tethered ynones into functionalized quinolines. A single "multitasking" thiol reagent is used to promote a three-step dearomatizing spirocyclization, nucleophilic substitution, and one-atom ring expansion reaction cascade under remarkably mild conditions. In addition, a novel route to thio-oxindoles is described, which was discovered by serendipity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantachai Inprung
- Department of Chemistry, University
of York, Heslington, York, U.K.., YO10 5DD
| | - Michael J. James
- Department of Chemistry, University
of York, Heslington, York, U.K.., YO10 5DD
| | | | - William P. Unsworth
- Department of Chemistry, University
of York, Heslington, York, U.K.., YO10 5DD
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Perspective: Reflections on a career in synthetic organic chemistry, 1970 to 2020. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang ZY, Wang KK, Chen R, Liu H, Chen K. Ynones in Reflex-Michael Addition, CuAAC, and Cycloaddition, as Well as their Use as Nucleophilic Enols, Electrophilic Ketones, and Allenic Precursors. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinxiang University; 453000 Xinxiang Henan P. R. of China
| | - Kai-Kai Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinxiang University; 453000 Xinxiang Henan P. R. of China
| | - Rongxiang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinxiang University; 453000 Xinxiang Henan P. R. of China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinxiang University; 453000 Xinxiang Henan P. R. of China
| | - Kaijun Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Lishui University; No. 1, Xueyuan Road 323000 Lishui City Zhejiang Province P. R. China
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9
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Sahoo SR, Sarkar D, Henkel F, Reuter H. Copper(I)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Functionalized Indolizinones from Substituted Pyridine Homologated Ynones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:902-911. [PMID: 31868359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient two-component copper-catalyzed cyclization cascade approach toward highly functionalized indolizinone heterocycles has been developed from reactions of pyridine-, isoquinoline-, and quinoline ynones, via 5-exo-dig cyclization. The catalysis involves the activation by diorgano diselenide and diorgano disulfide and also their incorporation into the indolizinone core. In addition, the obtained substituted indolizinones were readily transformed into 1-(organochalcogenyl)indolizin-2-ols, which are important building blocks in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushree Ranjan Sahoo
- Organic Synthesis and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela 769008 , India
| | - Debayan Sarkar
- Organic Synthesis and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela 769008 , India
| | - Felix Henkel
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials , University of Osnabrück , Barbarastraβe-6 , Osnabrück 49076 , Germany
| | - Hans Reuter
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials , University of Osnabrück , Barbarastraβe-6 , Osnabrück 49076 , Germany
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10
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Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent bifunctional enzyme catalyzed biosynthesis of indolizidine alkaloids in fungi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:1174-1180. [PMID: 31882449 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914777117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Indolizidine alkaloids such as anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine are exceptionally attractive due to their widespread occurrence, prominent bioactivity, complex structure, and sophisticated involvement in the chemical defense for the producing organisms. However, the versatility of the indolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis remains incompletely addressed since the knowledge about such biosynthetic machineries is only limited to several representatives. Herein, we describe the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) for the biosynthesis of curvulamine, a skeletally unprecedented antibacterial indolizidine alkaloid from Curvularia sp. IFB-Z10. The molecular architecture of curvulamine results from the functional collaboration of a highly reducing polyketide synthase (CuaA), a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent aminotransferase (CuaB), an NADPH-dependent dehydrogenase (CuaC), and a FAD-dependent monooxygenase (CuaD), with its transportation and abundance regulated by a major facilitator superfamily permease (CuaE) and a Zn(II)Cys6 transcription factor (CuaF), respectively. In contrast to expectations, CuaB is bifunctional and capable of catalyzing the Claisen condensation to form a new C-C bond and the α-hydroxylation of the alanine moiety in exposure to dioxygen. Inspired and guided by the distinct function of CuaB, our genome mining effort discovers bipolamines A-I (bipolamine G is more antibacterial than curvulamine), which represent a collection of previously undescribed polyketide alkaloids from a silent BGC in Bipolaris maydis ATCC48331. The work provides insight into nature's arsenal for the indolizidine-coined skeletal formation and adds evidence in support of the functional versatility of PLP-dependent enzymes in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Nájera
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, Alicante E-03080, Spain
| | - Leiv K. Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, Bergen NO-5007, Norway
| | - Miguel Yus
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, Alicante E-03080, Spain
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12
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Li Y, Yu J, Bi Y, Yan G, Huang D. Tandem Reactions of Ynones:viaConjugate Addition of Nitrogen‐, Carbon‐, Oxygen‐, Boron‐, Silicon‐, Phosphorus‐, and Sulfur‐Containing Nucleophiles. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of ChemistryLishui University No. 1 Xueyuan Road Lishui City 323000 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of ChemistryLishui University No. 1 Xueyuan Road Lishui City 323000 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yicheng Bi
- Department of ChemistryQingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Guobing Yan
- Department of ChemistryLishui University No. 1 Xueyuan Road Lishui City 323000 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Dayun Huang
- Department of ChemistryLishui University No. 1 Xueyuan Road Lishui City 323000 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
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13
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Epton RG, Clarke AK, Taylor RJK, Unsworth WP, Lynam JM. Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies into the Rearrangement of Spirocyclic Indolenines into Quinolines. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G. Epton
- Department of Chemistry University of York YO10 5DD York United Kingdom
| | - Aimee K. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry University of York YO10 5DD York United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jason M. Lynam
- Department of Chemistry University of York YO10 5DD York United Kingdom
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Clarke AK, Ho HE, Rossi‐Ashton JA, Taylor RJK, Unsworth WP. Indole Synthesis Using Silver Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1900-1911. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hon E. Ho
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of York York YO10 5DD UK
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Bai X, Wang J, He Y. Iridium‐Catalyzed Propenylation Reactions for the Synthesis of 4‐Pyridone Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐dan Bai
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science & Technology Nanjing 210094 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science & Technology Nanjing 210094 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying He
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science & Technology Nanjing 210094 People's Republic of China
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Clarke AK, Lynam JM, Taylor RJK, Unsworth WP. “Back-to-Front” Indole Synthesis Using Silver(I) Catalysis: Unexpected C-3 Pyrrole Activation Mode Supported by DFT. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aimee K. Clarke
- University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Jason M. Lynam
- University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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