1
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Li T, Sun Z, Zhang S, Ma Q, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Jia X. Single-Electron Reduction of "Push-Pull" C-C Single Bond and Decyanation Using Tertiary Amines as the Organic Electron Donor. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2516-2524. [PMID: 38319086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Using commercially available tertiary amines as an organic electron donor (OED), the reduction of "push-pull" C-C single bond and reductive decyanation of tetrahydroisoquinolines were realized. These reactions exhibited higher reaction efficiency and better functional group tolerance compared with those of metallic reductants, and the mechanistic study indicated that a radical intermediate was involved in the reduction of the C-C single bond, which provides a new way to the OED-enabled mild reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
- Economic Development Bureau, Jiangsu Hangji Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Yangzhou 225111, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiyuan Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Li SY, Yang XY, Shen PH, Xu L, Xu J, Zhang Q, Xu HJ. Selective Defluoroalkylation and Hydrodefluorination of Trifluoromethyl Groups Photocatalyzed by Dihydroacridine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38054778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The selective functionalization of trifluoromethyl groups through C-F cleavage poses a significant challenge due to the high bond energy of the C(sp3)-F bonds. Herein, we present dihydroacridine derivatives as photocatalysts that can functionalize the C-F bond of trifluoromethyl groups with various alkenes under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations revealed that upon irradiation, the dihydroacridine derivatives exhibit high reducibility and function as photocatalysts for reductive defluorination. This process involves a sequential single-electron transfer mechanism. This research provides valuable insights into the properties of dihydroacridine derivatives as photocatalysts, highlighting the importance of maintaining a planar conformation and a large conjugated system for optimal catalytic activity. These findings facilitate the efficient catalytic reduction of inert chemical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Hui Shen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Industry & Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Jian Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
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3
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Yang YF, Lin JH, Xiao JC. Starting from Styrene: A Unified Protocol for Hydrotrifluoromethylation of Diversified Alkenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:9277-9282. [PMID: 34797075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In contrast with unactivated alkenes, the corresponding hydrotrifluoromethylation of styrene has remained challenging due to the strong propensity of styrene for oligomerization and polymerization. On the basis of our newly developed trifluoromethylation reagent, TFSP, herein we present a general method for the hydrotrifluoromethylation of styrene under photoredox catalysis. The substrate scope was further extended to unactivated alkenes, acrylates, acrylamides, and vinyl-heteroatom-substituted alkenes. The tunability of this method was showcased via the relevant deprotonative trifluoromethylation and trifluoromethyltrifluoroethoxylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin-Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ji-Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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4
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Paul N, Patra T, Maiti D. Recent Developments in Hydrodecyanation and Decyanative Functionalization Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Paul
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi Telangana 502285 India
| | - Tuhin Patra
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI) Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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5
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Wu K, Ling Y, Sun N, Hu B, Shen Z, Jin L, Hu X. Ni-catalyzed reductive decyanation of nitriles with ethanol as the reductant. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2273-2276. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07743g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol, as an environmentally friendly and renewable reagent, was applied as a hydride donor to convert C–CN to C–H bonds in this nickel-catalyzed protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- P. R. China
| | - Yichen Ling
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- P. R. China
| | - Nan Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- P. R. China
| | - Baoxiang Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenlu Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- P. R. China
| | - Liqun Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation
| | - Xinquan Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation
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6
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Guo W, Cai L, Xie Z, Mei W, Liu G, Deng L, Zhuo X, Zhong Y, Zou X, Zheng L, Fan X. Photocatalyzed intermolecular amination for the synthesis of hydrazonamides. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00338k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A photocatalyzed intermolecular amination strategy for the synthesis of hydrazonamides is reported by a multi-component reaction of β-ketonitriles with N,N-disubstituted hydrazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Liuhuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Weijie Mei
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Gongping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Ling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Xiaoya Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Yumei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Xiaoying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
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7
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Kawamoto T, Oritani K, Kawabata A, Morioka T, Matsubara H, Kamimura A. Hydrodecyanation of Secondary Alkyl Nitriles and Malononitriles to Alkanes using DiMeImd-BH 3. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6137-6142. [PMID: 32227846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The decyanation of secondary aliphatic nitriles and the 2-fold decyanation of malononitriles leading to alkanes in the presence of 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene borane (diMeImd-BH3) are reported. These reactions proceed via a radical mechanism that involves the addition of a borane radical to the nitrile to form an iminyl radical, followed by cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond. Theoretical calculations suggest that the β-cleavage of these iminyl radicals, which affords NHC-BH2CN and the corresponding alkyl radicals, is the rate-determining step in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Kawamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Kyohei Oritani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawabata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Morioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Akio Kamimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
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8
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Weweler J, Younas SL, Streuff J. Titanium(III)-Catalyzed Reductive Decyanation of Geminal Dinitriles by a Non-Free-Radical Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17700-17703. [PMID: 31513329 PMCID: PMC6899653 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A titanium-catalyzed mono-decyanation of geminal dinitriles is reported. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, tolerates numerous functional groups, and can be applied to quaternary malononitriles. A corresponding desulfonylation is demonstrated as well. Mechanistic experiments support a catalyst-controlled cleavage without the formation of free radicals, which is in sharp contrast to traditional stoichiometric radical decyanations. The involvement of two TiIII species in the C-C cleavage is proposed, and the beneficial role of added ZnCl2 and 2,4,6-collidine hydrochloride is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Weweler
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Sara L. Younas
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
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9
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Ding Y, Luo S, Ma L, An J. Reductive Cleavage of Unactivated Carbon-Cyano Bonds under Ammonia-Free Birch Conditions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15827-15833. [PMID: 31686518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A general protocol for the reductive cleavage of unactivated carbon-cyano bonds in aliphatic nitriles has been achieved under single-electron-transfer conditions using Na/15-crown-5/H2O. Electron is supplied by the electride derived from bench-stable sodium dispersions and recoverable 15-crown-5. H2O provides the proton source and suppresses the reduction of aromatic moieties. Compared with the Na/NH3 electride system generated under traditional Birch conditions, this ammonia-free electride system is more practical and features better reactivity and chemoselectivity for the decyanations of a broad range of aliphatic nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Ding
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Shihui Luo
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Lifu Ma
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Jie An
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
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10
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Weweler J, Younas SL, Streuff J. Titan(III)‐katalysierte, reduktive Decyanierung geminaler Dinitrile ohne freie Radikalintermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Weweler
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Deutschland
| | - Sara L. Younas
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Deutschland
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Deutschland
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11
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Xia A, Xie X, Hu X, Xu W, Liu Y. Dehalogenative Deuteration of Unactivated Alkyl Halides Using D 2O as the Deuterium Source. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13841-13857. [PMID: 31566377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The general dehalogenation of alkyl halides with zinc using D2O or H2O as a deuterium or hydrogen donor has been developed. The method provides an efficient and economic protocol for deuterium-labeled derivatives with a wide substrate scope under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies indicated that a radical process is involved for the formation of organozinc intermediates. The facile hydrolysis of the organozinc intermediates provides the driving force for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
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12
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Lopp JM, Schmidt VA. Intermolecular Phosphite-Mediated Radical Desulfurative Alkene Alkylation Using Thiols. Org Lett 2019; 21:8031-8036. [PMID: 31552741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the development of a S atom transfer process using triethyl phosphite as the S atom acceptor that allows thiols to serve as precursors of C-centered radicals. A range of functionalized and electronically unbiased alkenes including those containing common heteroatom-based functional groups readily participate in this reductive coupling. This process is driven by the exchange of relatively weak S-H and C-S bonds of aliphatic thiols for C-H, C-C, and S-P bonds of the products formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Lopp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Valerie A Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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13
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Reche I, Mena S, Gallardo I, Guirado G. Electrocarboxylation of halobenzonitriles: An environmentally friendly synthesis of phthalate derivatives. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Sivaguru P, Wang Z, Zanoni G, Bi X. Cleavage of carbon–carbon bonds by radical reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2615-2656. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00386f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review provides insights into the in situ generated radicals triggered carbon–carbon bond cleavage reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramasivam Sivaguru
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- China
| | - Zikun Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- China
| | | | - Xihe Bi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- China
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