1
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Roos CB, Chiang CH, Murray LAM, Yang D, Schulert L, Narayan ARH. Stereodynamic Strategies to Induce and Enrich Chirality of Atropisomers at a Late Stage. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10641-10727. [PMID: 37639323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomers, where chirality arises from restricted rotation around a single bond, are atropisomers. Due to the unique nature of the origins of their chirality, synthetic strategies to access these compounds in an enantioselective manner differ from those used to prepare enantioenriched compounds containing point chirality arising from an unsymmetrically substituted carbon center. In particular stereodynamic transformations, such as dynamic kinetic resolutions, thermodynamic dynamic resolutions, and deracemizations, which rely on the ability to racemize or interconvert enantiomers, are a promising set of transformations to prepare optically pure compounds in the late stage of a synthetic sequence. Translation of these synthetic approaches from compounds with point chirality to atropisomers requires an expanded toolbox for epimerization/racemization and provides an opportunity to develop a new conceptual framework for the enantioselective synthesis of these compounds.
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2
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Dai L, Liu Y, Xu Q, Wang M, Zhu Q, Yu P, Zhong G, Zeng X. A Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Approach to Axially Chiral Diaryl Ethers by Catalytic Atroposelective Transfer Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216534. [PMID: 36536515 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diaryl ethers are widespread in biologically active compounds, ligands and catalysts. It is known that the diaryl ether skeleton may exhibit atropisomerism when both aryl rings are unsymmetrically substituted with bulky groups. Despite recent advances, only very few catalytic asymmetric methods have been developed to construct such axially chiral compounds. We describe herein a dynamic kinetic resolution approach to axially chiral diaryl ethers via a Brønsted acid catalyzed atroposelective transfer hydrogenation (ATH) reaction of dicarbaldehydes with anilines. The desired diaryl ethers could be obtained in moderate to good chemical yields (up to 79 %) and high enantioselectivities (up to 95 % ee) under standard reaction conditions. Such structural motifs are interesting precursors for further transformations and may have potential applications in the synthesis of chiral ligands or catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlong Dai
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Chemistry, Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Yuheng Liu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meifang Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaohong Zhu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guofu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Atropoenantioselective synthesis of heterobiaryl N-oxides via dynamic kinetic resolution. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Zhang J, Fan J, Wu Y, Guo Z, Wu J, Xie M. Pd-Catalyzed Atroposelective C–H Acyloxylation Enabling Access to an Axially Chiral Biaryl Phenol Organocatalyst. Org Lett 2022; 24:5143-5148. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jian Fan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yehe Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Ziyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jiaping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Meihua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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5
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Lv Y, Luo G, Liu Q, Jin Z, Zhang X, Chi YR. Catalytic atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral benzonitriles via chirality control during bond dissociation and CN group formation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:36. [PMID: 35013312 PMCID: PMC8748609 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The applications of axially chiral benzonitriles and their derivatives remain mostly unexplored due to their synthetic difficulties. Here we disclose an unusual strategy for atroposelective access to benzonitriles via formation of the nitrile unit on biaryl scaffolds pre-installed with stereogenic axes in racemic forms. Our method starts with racemic 2-arylbenzaldehydes and sulfonamides as the substrates and N-heterocyclic carbenes as the organocatalysts to afford axially chiral benzonitriles in good to excellent yields and enantioselectivities. DFT calculations suggest that the loss of p-toluenesulfinate group is both the rate-determining and stereo-determining step. The axial chirality is controlled during the bond dissociation and CN group formation. The reaction features a dynamic kinetic resolution process modulated by both covalent and non-covalent catalytic interactions. The axially chiral benzonitriles from our method can be easily converted to a large set of functional molecules that show promising catalytic activities for chemical syntheses and anti-bacterial activities for plant protections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Lv
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Guoyong Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Xinglong Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138632, Singapore.
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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6
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Shao YD, Feng JS, Han DD, Pan KH, Zhang L, Wang YF, Ma ZH, Wang PR, Yin M, Cheng DJ. Construction of axially chiral styrene-type allylamines via chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric reductive amination. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01672e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral styrene-type allylamines through chiral phosphoric acid mediated atroposelective reductive amination of 1-enal substituted 2-naphthols is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Dong Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, China
| | - Jin-Shuo Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, China
| | - Dan-Dan Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, China
| | - Kang-Hui Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, China
| | - Zhong-Hui Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, China
| | - Pei-Ru Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, China
| | - Mingjing Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, China
| | - Dao-Juan Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
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7
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Guo D, Peng Q, Zhang B, Wang J. Atroposelective Dynamic Kinetic Resolution via In Situ Hemiaminals Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbene. Org Lett 2021; 23:7765-7770. [PMID: 34569804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Axially chiral amino acids and its derivatives are vital building blocks of bioactive molecules, artificial peptides, and asymmetric catalysts. Herein, we report an unprecedented carbene-catalyzed atroposelective dynamic kinetic resolution to access axially chiral amino esters via in situ hemiaminals. This protocol features a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance and allows the rapid assembly of axially chiral amino esters in good to high yields with high enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qiupeng Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Bei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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8
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Cheng JK, Xiang SH, Li S, Ye L, Tan B. Recent Advances in Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of Atropisomers. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4805-4902. [PMID: 33775097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atropisomerism is a stereochemical behavior portrayed by three-dimensional molecules that bear rotationally restricted σ bond. Akin to the well-represented point-chiral molecules, atropisomerically chiral compounds are finding increasing utilities in many disciplines where molecular asymmetry is influential. This provides steady demand on atroposelective synthesis, where numerous synthetic pursuits have been rewarded with conceptually novel and streamlined methods while expanding the structural diversity of atropisomers. This review summarizes key achievements in stereoselective preparation of biaryl, heterobiaryl, and nonbiaryl atropisomers documented between 2015 and 2020. Emphasis is placed on the synthetic strategies for each structural class, while examples are cited to illustrate the potential applications of the accessed atropochiral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kee Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shao-Hua Xiang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaoyu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liu Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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9
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Carmona JA, Rodríguez-Franco C, López-Serrano J, Ros A, Iglesias-Sigüenza J, Fernández R, Lassaletta JM, Hornillos V. Atroposelective Transfer Hydrogenation of Biaryl Aminals via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Synthesis of Axially Chiral Diamines. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José A. Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-Franco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA). Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49,41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Abel Ros
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Iglesias-Sigüenza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosario Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. Lassaletta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valentín Hornillos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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10
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Carmona JA, Rodríguez-Franco C, Fernández R, Hornillos V, Lassaletta JM. Atroposelective transformation of axially chiral (hetero)biaryls. From desymmetrization to modern resolution strategies. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2968-2983. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00870b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Atroposelective transformations of (hetero)biaryls are classified into desymmetrization, kinetic resolution, dynamic kinetic resolution, and dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation depending on the nature and behavior of the starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- C/Américo Vespucio, 49
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-Franco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- C/Américo Vespucio, 49
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Rosario Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Universidad de Sevilla
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Valentín Hornillos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- C/Américo Vespucio, 49
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - José M. Lassaletta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- C/Américo Vespucio, 49
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
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11
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Kim K, Kang DW, Im HG, Choi Y, Lee JW. Effects of Propylene Oxide End Capping on Amination of Polyalkylene Glycols. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26545-26550. [PMID: 33110982 PMCID: PMC7581240 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyalkylene glycols with two different end-capping groups of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) were used for amination to produce polyetheramine (PEA) on cobalt-based catalysts. Although it is known that the amination of secondary alcohol is more difficult than that of primary alcohol, PO end-capped block copolymers showed remarkably enhanced activity toward PEA and selectivity toward the primary amine compared to EO end-capped block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjun Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- LOTTE
Chemical R&D Center, 115, Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34110, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Kang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Im
- LOTTE
Chemical R&D Center, 115, Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34110, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngheon Choi
- LOTTE
Chemical R&D Center, 115, Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34110, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae W. Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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12
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Kasama K, Aoyama H, Akai S. Enantiodivergent Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biphenyls from σ-Symmetric 1,1'-Biphenyl-2,6-diol Derivatives by Single Lipase-Catalyzed Acylative and Hydrolytic Desymmetrization. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Kasama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871 Osaka Japan
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13
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Hu L, Zhang Y, Chen GQ, Lin BJ, Zhang QW, Yin Q, Zhang X. CuH-Catalyzed Atropoenantioselective Reduction of Bringmann’s Lactones via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Org Lett 2019; 21:5575-5580. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Le’an Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Gen-Qiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Bi-Jin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Qin Yin
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xumu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China
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