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Hamada S, Sumida M, Yamazaki R, Kobayashi Y, Furuta T. Oxidative Deprotection of Benzyl Protecting Groups for Alcohols by an Electronically Tuned Nitroxyl-Radical Catalyst. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12464-12473. [PMID: 37586039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative deprotection of benzyl (Bn) groups using nitroxyl-radical catalyst 1 and co-oxidant phenyl iodonium bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) is reported. This catalyst is highly active for the oxidation of benzylic ethers because of the electronic tuning on account of the electron-withdrawing ester groups next to the catalytically active center. This catalytic system promotes deprotections at ambient temperature and has a broad substrate scope, including substrates possessing hydrogenation-sensitive functional groups, while the deprotection hardly proceeds when using well-known nitroxyl-radical catalysts such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine N-oxyl (TEMPO). The 1/PIFA system also promotes the deprotection of several benzylic protecting groups, including 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) and 4-methylbenzyl (MBn) groups. Catalyst 1 was also effective for the direct synthesis of ketones and aldehydes from Bn ethers via deprotected alcohols using an excess of the co-oxidant PIFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Hamada
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Maiko Sumida
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Rikako Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takumi Furuta
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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2
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Greve RD, Jensen HH. Lewis Acid Promoted Deprotection of Benzylidene Acetals and p-Methoxybenzyl Ethers with Mercaptoacid Acid as Scavenger. Org Lett 2023; 25:3628-3632. [PMID: 37191475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a new and high-yielding method for removal of benzylidene acetals and para-methoxybenzyl ethers under catalytic conditions (BF3:OEt2 orFeCl3, 10 mol%) with mercaptoacetic acid as a scavenger. The reaction coproducts are converted to water-soluble molecules, which can be removed by aqueous extraction, thereby bypassing the need for chromatographic purification. The reaction was demonstrated on both multimilligram and multigram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus D Greve
- Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik H Jensen
- Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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3
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Mullapudi VB, Craig KC, Guo Z. Synthesis of a Bifunctionalized Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchor Useful for the Study of GPI Biology. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203457. [PMID: 36445784 PMCID: PMC10038835 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new, bifunctional glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) derivative containing the highly conserved core structure of all natural GPI anchors with a photoactivable diazirine in the lipid chain and clickable alkynes in the glycan was synthesized by a convergent [3+2] glycosylation strategy with late stage protecting group manipulation and regioselective phosphorylation. The challenges of this synthesis were due to the presence of several distinctive functional groups in the synthetic target, which complicated the protection tactics, in addition to the inherent difficulties associated with GPI synthesis. This bifunctional GPI derivative can cross-react with molecules in proximity upon photoactivation and be subsequently labeled with other molecular tags via click reaction. Therefore, it should be a valuable probe for biological studies of GPIs, such as analysis of GPI-interacting membrane proteins, and gaining insights into their functional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kendall C Craig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Wilt IK, Demeritte AR, Wang W, Wuest WM. Total Synthesis and Antibacterial Investigations of 1-Hydroxyboivinianin A. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200363. [PMID: 36129386 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic investigations of natural products has been instrumental in the development of novel antibacterial small molecules. 1-hydroxyboivinianin A, a lactone containing phenolic bisabolane isolated from marine sediment, has reported antibacterial activity against the aquatic pathogen Vibrio harveyi. The total synthesis of 1-hydroxyboivinianin A and its enantiomer was completed in a six-step sequence in 42 % overall yield. The synthesis leveraged a key diastereoselective nucleophilic addition with chiral imidazolidinone to establish the benzylic tertiary alcohol and intramolecular Horner-Wadsworth Emmons to furnish the lactone. Both enantiomers were found to have negligible antibacterial activity against a panel of gram-positive and negative bacteria and minimal antifungal activity against phytopathogens. Investigations of a possible in vitro lactone hydrolysis to produce an inactive linear acid led to the discovery of a spontaneous cyclization, suggesting the lactone is resistant to hydrolysis and the lactone is not degrading to produce an inactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid K Wilt
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Adrian R Demeritte
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Corteva AgriscienceTM, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA
| | - William M Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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5
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Mullapudi VB, Craig KC, Guo Z. Design and Synthesis of a Doubly Functionalized Core Structure of a Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Containing Photoreactive and Clickable Functional Groups. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9419-9425. [PMID: 35766889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A bifunctional derivative of the core structure of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors having a clickable alkynyl group and a photoreactive diazirine group attached to the GPI glucosamine and lipid moieties, respectively, was synthesized from myo-inositol, d-glucosamine, and (R)-1,2-O-acetonized glycerol. The target molecule should be useful for the investigation of GPI-interacting components in the cell membrane that play a key role in the signal transduction and other biological functions of GPI-anchored proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkanna Babu Mullapudi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kendall C Craig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Abstract
Logical manipulation of protecting groups is one of the vital strategies involved in the synthesis of complex oligosachharides. As opposed to the robust permanent protecting groups, the chemoselective protection-deprotection processes on orthogonal protecting groups have facilitated the synthesis of the target molecules with higher effeciency. While the derivatives of benzyl ethers are the most popular orthogonal ether based protecting groups for hydroxyls, the exploration of methyl ethers for similar synthetic application is much limited. We herein report cyanomethyl (CNMe) ether as a readily synthesized orthogonal protecting group for saccharides. The ether moiety was rapidly removed under Na-naphthalenide conditions in good to excellent yields and was found to be compatible with other well-known benzyl/methyl/silyl ether and acetal protecting groups. Additionally, the CNMe group was observed to be tolerant to standard reagents used for the deprotection of ether, ester and acetal protecting groups. The protection and deprotection steps remained unaffected by the position of hydroxyl, the configuration of monosaccharides or the presence of olefins in the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rima Thakur
- National Institute of Technology Patna, Ashok Rajpath, Patna 800005, India.
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Gupta S, Sharma A, Mondal D, Bera S. Advancement of the Cleavage Methods of Carbohydrate-derived Isopropylidene and Cyclohexylidene Ketals. CURR ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272826666220426104217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Carbohydrates, amino acids, and nucleosides, the fundamental building blocks of complex biomolecules in nature, are essential starting materials for the fabrication of natural and unnatural structural entities, which necessitate the masking and demasking of various functional groups with the utmost chemoselectivity, mildness, and efficiency to avoid unintended bond breaking and formation, as well as associated reactions. Ketals, benzylidene, methoxymethyl, p-methoxybenzyl, silyl ethers, trityl, tert-butyl carbamate, and other functional groups are widely used in modern organic synthesis. In carbohydrate chemistry, the commonly used protecting functionality of isopropylidene and cyclohexylidene ketals necessitates effective methods for selective cleavage. This review summarises different methods for deblocking isopropylidene and cyclohexylidene ketals using inorganic acids, Lewis acid, silica-supported inorganic acids, Amberlite-120 (H+) resin, phosphotungstic acid, Nafion-H, NaBArF4.2H2O, montmorillonite clay, Dowex 50W-X8, camphorsulphonic acid (CSA), ceric ammonium nitrate, molecular iodine, ionic liquids, zeolites and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Gupta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India
| | - Dhananjoy Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India
| | - Smritilekha Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India
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Radix S, Hallé F, Mahiout Z, Teissonnière A, Bouchez G, Auberger L, Barret R, Lomberget T. A journey through Hemetsberger‐Knittel, Leimgruber‐Batcho and Bartoli reactions: access to several hydroxy 5‐ and 6‐azaindoles. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thierry Lomberget
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246 Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Faculté de Pharmacie-ISPB, 8, Avenue Rockefeller, F-69373, Lyon, Cedex 08, France FRANCE
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Pongener I, Pepe DA, Ruddy JJ, McGarrigle EM. Stereoselective β-mannosylations and β-rhamnosylations from glycosyl hemiacetals mediated by lithium iodide. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10070-10075. [PMID: 34377400 PMCID: PMC8317664 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01300a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereoselective β-mannosylation is one of the most challenging problems in the synthesis of oligosaccharides. Herein, a highly selective synthesis of β-mannosides and β-rhamnosides from glycosyl hemi-acetals is reported, following a one-pot chlorination, iodination, glycosylation sequence employing cheap oxalyl chloride, phosphine oxide and LiI. The present protocol works excellently with a wide range of glycosyl acceptors and with armed glycosyl donors. The method doesn't require conformationally restricted donors or directing groups; it is proposed that the high β-selectivities observed are achieved via an SN2-type reaction of α-glycosyl iodide promoted by lithium iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imlirenla Pongener
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Dionissia A Pepe
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Joseph J Ruddy
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Eoghan M McGarrigle
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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Abstract
AbstractThis report discloses the deallylation of O- and N-allyl functional groups by using a combination of a Ni-H precatalyst and excess Brønsted acid. Key steps are the isomerization of the O- or N-allyl group through Ni-catalyzed double-bond migration followed by Brønsted acid induced O/N–C bond hydrolysis. A variety of functional groups are tolerated in this protocol, highlighting its synthetic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Berkefeld
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen
| | - Ivana Fleischer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen
| | - Prasad M. Kathe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen
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11
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McCone JAJ, Somarathne KK, Orme CL, Hewitt RJ, Grant ER, Hall KR, Ackerley DF, La Flamme AC, Harvey JE. Total Synthesis and Bioactivity Studies of Fungal Metabolite (-)-TAN-2483B. Org Lett 2020; 22:9427-9432. [PMID: 33232161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of (-)-TAN-2483B, a fungal metabolite possessing a densely functionalized furo[3,4-b]pyran-5-one framework, is achieved in 14 steps from d-mannose. Generation of the 2,6-trans-pyran is by cyclopropane ring expansion followed by α-selective alkynylation. Julia-Kocienski olefination introduces the E-propenyl side chain. Alkyne functionalization and carbonylation stereoselectively establish the bicyclic core of (-)-TAN-2483B. Inhibition of kinases Btk and Bmx, bacterial priority pathogens, and cytokine production in splenocytes indicates promising therapeutic potential.
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Ikeuchi K, Murasawa K, Arai T, Yamada H. p-Methylbenzyl 2,2,2-Trichloroacetimidate: Simple Preparation and Application to Alcohol Protection. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazutada Ikeuchi
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kentaro Murasawa
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Tomoki Arai
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Hidetsohi Yamada
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Ghosh
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Suvarn S. Kulkarni
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
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