1
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Chen C, Shen X, Guo S, Yan R, Yu H, Han Y, Sun Q, Zhu S. Site-selective alkylation of electron-deficient aromatic cycles: visible-light photoredox-catalyzed radical di-functionalization of [1.1.1]propellane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2025. [PMID: 40370004 DOI: 10.1039/d5cc01948f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2025]
Abstract
We report herein a visible-light photoredox-catalyzed three-component radical coupling of [1.1.1]propellane with electron-deficient aromatic cycles and Katritzky salts, accessing structurally diverse alkyl arylated bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes in good isolated yields. The use of electron-deficient aromatic cycles as an aryl source was crucial for the site-selective arylation of tertiary BCP carbon radicals. The synthetic utility of the present protocol was demonstrated by a large-scale reaction and synthetic derivatization of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Shen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Shengkun Guo
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Ruizhe Yan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Huaguang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Ying Han
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Qiu Sun
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Shaoqun Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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2
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Bai Y, Sheng Y, Fu Y, Zhou Z, Wu J. Enzymatic Synthesis of Saturated Bioisosteres of Ortho-Substituted Benzenes by Artificial Photoenzyme. Chemistry 2025; 31:e202404519. [PMID: 39959939 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202404519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2025] [Indexed: 02/22/2025]
Abstract
Saturated bioisosteres of ortho-substituted benzenes are of significant interest due to their enhanced pharmacokinetic properties, such as improved metabolic stability and reduced toxicity, making them valuable in drug design and development. However, efficient synthesis of them remains a challenge in organic chemistry. Herein, we report the biocatalytic synthesis of saturated bioisosteres of ortho-substituted benzenes using engineered artificial photoenzymes. The artificial photoenzyme, incorporating genetically encoded unnatural amino acids with benzophenone photosensitizer residue, facilitate the formation of chiral saturated bioisosteres with moderate enantiomeric excess via the energy transfer process. Our results demonstrate the versatility of artificial photoenzymes in mediating new-to-nature reactions that are difficult to achieve with conventional chemical or enzymatic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Bai
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yuhui Sheng
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yi Fu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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3
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Cho H, Tong X, Zuccarello G, Anderson RL, Fu GC. Synthesis of tertiary alkyl amines via photoinduced copper-catalysed nucleophilic substitution. Nat Chem 2025; 17:271-278. [PMID: 39754014 PMCID: PMC11853627 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01692-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2025]
Abstract
In view of the high propensity of tertiary alkyl amines to be bioactive, the development of new methods for their synthesis is an important challenge. Transition-metal catalysis has the potential to greatly expand the scope of nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl electrophiles; unfortunately, in the case of alkyl amines as nucleophiles, only one success has been described so far: the selective mono-alkylation of primary amines to form secondary amines. Here, using photoinduced copper catalysis, we report the synthesis of tertiary alkyl amines from secondary amines and unactivated alkyl electrophiles, two readily available coupling partners. Utilizing an array of tools, we have analysed the mechanism of this process; specifically, we have structurally characterized the three principal copper-based intermediates that are detected during catalysis and provided support for the key steps of the proposed catalytic cycle, including the coupling of a copper(II)-amine intermediate with an alkyl radical to form a C-N bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungdo Cho
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Zuccarello
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Robert L Anderson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Gregory C Fu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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4
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Li F, Dong J, Wang C, Liao H, Dang J, Zhou J, Li G, Xue D. Benzyl Alcohol Functionalization of [1.1.1]Propellane with Alkanes and Aldehydes. Org Lett 2024; 26:9276-9281. [PMID: 39432247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) play a crucial role in drug discovery research as C(sp3)-rich bioisosteres of benzene rings. However, the preparation of BCPs with strong alkane C(sp3)-H bonds has not been reported to date. In this study, we reported a method for light-induced benzyl alcohol functionalization of [1.1.1]propellane with aliphatic hydrocarbons (which have not previously been explored for this purpose) and aldehydes under metal- and photocatalyst-free conditions. The BCP products could be transformed into various useful derivatives, demonstrating the utility of the method. Notably, we achieved the synthesis of functionalized BCPs with simple alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
- Department of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Chenya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Huijuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Jiayi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
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5
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Liu J, Qian Y, Zhao H, Liu Y, Qin Z, Zhang Z, Rong L. Electrochemical Selenized Reaction of N-Arylbicyclo[1.1.0]butane-1-carboxamides: Access to 3-(Arylselanyl)spiro[cyclobutane-1,3'-indolin]-2'-one Derivatives. J Org Chem 2024; 89:15914-15923. [PMID: 39440833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
A novel selenized reaction of N-arylbicyclo [1.1.0]butane-1-carboxamides with diselenide for the synthesis of polycyclic indoline derivatives is developed under electrochemical conditions. The synthesis is achieved by the bicyclo[1.1.0]butane strain-release reaction and intramolecular cyclization process. In addition, this approach features a wide range of substrates, good group tolerance, shorter reaction time, and mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Yuliang Qian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Haicheng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Zhenglong Qin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Zifeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Liangce Rong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
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6
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Dang X, Li Z, Shang J, Zhang C, Wang C, Xu Z. Photoinduced C(sp 3)-H Bicyclopentylation Enabled by an Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex-Mediated Chemoselective Three-Component Radical Relay. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400494. [PMID: 38598042 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The photoredox electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex-mediated radical coupling reaction has gained prominence in the field of organic synthesis, finding widespread application in two-component coupling reactions. However, EDA complex-promoted multi-component reactions are not well developed with only a limited number of examples have been reported. Herein, we report a photoinduced and EDA complex-promoted highly chemoselective three-component radical arylalkylation of [1.1.1]propellane, which allows the direct functionalization of C(sp3)-H with bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCP)-aryl groups under mild conditions. A variety of unnatural α-amino acids, featuring structurally diversified 1,3-disubstituted BCP moieties, were synthesized in a single-step process. Notably, leveraging the high tension release of [1.1.1]propellane, the highly unstable transient aryl radical undergoes rapid conversion into a relatively stable tertiary alkyl transient radical, and consequently, the competing side-reaction of two-component coupling was entirely suppressed. The strategic use of this transient radical conversion approach would be useful for the design of diverse EDA complex-mediated multi-component reactions. It is noteworthy that the highly chemoselective late-stage incorporation of the 1,3-disubstituted BCP pharmacophores into peptides was achieved both in liquid-phase and solid-phase reactions. This advancement is anticipated to have significant application potential in the future development of peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Dang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jinlong Shang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Research Unit of Peptide Science, 2019RU066, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Technology & Engineering Institute of Lanzhou University, Gongyuan Road, Baiyin, 730900, China
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Research Unit of Peptide Science, 2019RU066, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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7
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Ripenko V, Sham V, Levchenko V, Holovchuk S, Vysochyn D, Klymov I, Kyslyi D, Veselovych S, Zhersh S, Dmytriv Y, Tolmachev A, Sadkova I, Pishel I, Horbatok K, Kosach V, Nikandrova Y, Mykhailiuk PK. Light-enabled scalable synthesis of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane halides and their functionalizations. NATURE SYNTHESIS 2024; 3:1538-1549. [PMID: 39664797 PMCID: PMC11628397 DOI: 10.1038/s44160-024-00637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
In 2012, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes were demonstrated to be bioisosteres of the benzene ring. Here, we report a general scalable reaction between alkyl iodides and propellane that provides bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane iodides in milligram, gram and even kilogram quantities. The reaction is performed in flow and requires just light; no catalysts, initiators or additives are needed. The reaction is clean enough that, in many cases, evaporation of the reaction mixture provides products in around 90% purity that can be directly used in further transformations without any purification. Combined with the subsequent functionalization, >300 bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes for medicinal chemistry have been prepared. So far, this is the most general and scalable approach towards functionalized bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yurii Dmytriv
- Enamine Ltd., Kyiv, Ukraine
- National Technical University of Ukraine, Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
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8
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Tsien J, Hu C, Merchant RR, Qin T. Three-dimensional saturated C(sp 3)-rich bioisosteres for benzene. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:605-627. [PMID: 38982260 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Benzenes, the most ubiquitous structural moiety in marketed small-molecule drugs, are frequently associated with poor 'drug-like' properties, including metabolic instability, and poor aqueous solubility. In an effort to overcome these limitations, recent developments in medicinal chemistry have demonstrated the improved physicochemical profiles of C(sp3)-rich bioisosteric scaffolds relative to arenes. In the past two decades, we have witnessed an exponential increase in synthetic methods for accessing saturated bioisosteres of monosubstituted and para-substituted benzenes. However, until recent discoveries, analogous three-dimensional ortho-substituted and meta-substituted biososteres have remained underexplored, owing to their ring strain and increased s-character hybridization. This Review summarizes the emerging synthetic methodologies to access such saturated motifs and their impact on the application of bioisosteres for ortho-substituted, meta-substituted and multi-substituted benzene rings. It concludes with a perspective on the development of next-generation bioisosteres, including those within novel chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jet Tsien
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rohan R Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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9
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Zhao Y, Zhang J, Zhan ZJ, Fan Q, Xiao XQ, Bai Y, Ni SF, Shao X. Synthesis of Azo-Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) via Base-Promoted Halogen Atom Transfer. Org Lett 2024; 26:4406-4410. [PMID: 38742800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Because of the three-dimensional bioisosteric feature, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines (BCPAs) are valuable scaffolds in synthetic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. Here, we report a Halogen Atom Transfer (XAT) mediated radical C-N coupling between C3-iodo-BCPs and diazonium salts in the presence of base. Similarly, a multicomponent reaction (MCR) enables the simultaneous construction of the C-C bond and C-N bond simultaneously. Versatile roles of diazonium salts were also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchuang Zhao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jin Zhan
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guang-dong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
| | - Qiujin Fan
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Qiong Xiao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Ying Bai
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guang-dong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Shao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
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10
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Bai Z, Lansbergen B, Ritter T. Bicyclopentylation of Alcohols with Thianthrenium Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25954-25961. [PMID: 38010346 PMCID: PMC10704608 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present the first method for the synthesis of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl (BCP) alkyl ethers from alcohols. The reaction uses BCP-thianthrenium reagents and is catalyzed by a dual copper/photoredox catalyst system. Unlike known alkylations of tertiary alcohols via carbocation intermediates, our Cu-mediated radical process circumvents the labile BCP carbocations. The approach demonstrates a broad tolerance for functional groups when applied to primary, secondary, and even tertiary alcohols. In addition, we highlight the utility of this method in late-stage functionalizations of both natural products and pharmaceuticals as well as in the rapid construction of BCP analogs of known pharmaceuticals that would otherwise be difficult to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Bai
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Beatrice Lansbergen
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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11
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Yasukawa T, Håheim KS, Cossy J. Synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by cross-coupling induced by transition metals - formation of C-C bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7666-7680. [PMID: 37702418 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01036h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs), by forming a C-C bond, can be achieved by cross-coupling reactions using transition metal catalysts. Two main strategies are described to access these 1,3-disubstituted BCPs, either from nucleophilic BCPs or electrophilic BCPs. Mechanisms are included where relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yasukawa
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris - PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Katja S Håheim
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris - PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris - PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
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12
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Shire B, Anderson EA. Conquering the Synthesis and Functionalization of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. JACS AU 2023; 3:1539-1553. [PMID: 37388694 PMCID: PMC10301682 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have become established as attractive bioisosteres for para-substituted benzene rings in drug design. Conferring various beneficial properties compared with their aromatic "parents," BCPs featuring a wide array of bridgehead substituents can now be accessed by an equivalent variety of methods. In this perspective, we discuss the evolution of this field and focus on the most enabling and general methods for BCPs synthesis, considering both scope and limitation. Recent breakthroughs on the synthesis of bridge-substituted BCPs are described, as well as methodologies for postsynthesis functionalization. We further explore new challenges and directions for the field, such as the emergence of other rigid small ring hydrocarbons and heterocycles possessing unique substituent exit vectors.
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13
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Denisenko A, Garbuz P, Voloshchuk NM, Holota Y, Al-Maali G, Borysko P, Mykhailiuk PK. 2-Oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes as saturated bioisosteres of the ortho-substituted phenyl ring. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01222-0. [PMID: 37277469 PMCID: PMC10396955 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ortho-substituted phenyl ring is a basic structural element in chemistry. It is found in more than three hundred drugs and agrochemicals. During the past decade, scientists have tried to replace the phenyl ring in bioactive compounds with saturated bioisosteres to obtain novel patentable structures. However, most of the research in this area has been devoted to the replacement of the para-substituted phenyl ring. Here we have developed saturated bioisosteres of the ortho-substituted phenyl ring with improved physicochemical properties: 2-oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. Crystallographic analysis revealed that these structures and the ortho-substituted phenyl ring indeed have similar geometric properties. Replacement of the phenyl ring in marketed agrochemicals fluxapyroxad (BASF) and boscalid (BASF) with 2-oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes dramatically improved their water solubility, reduced lipophilicity and most importantly retained bioactivity. This work suggests an opportunity for chemists to replace the ortho-substituted phenyl ring in bioactive compounds with saturated bioisosteres in medicinal chemistry and agrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Galeb Al-Maali
- Bienta, Kyiv, Ukraine
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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14
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Yu IF, Manske JL, Diéguez-Vázquez A, Misale A, Pashenko AE, Mykhailiuk PK, Ryabukhin SV, Volochnyuk DM, Hartwig JF. Catalytic undirected borylation of tertiary C-H bonds in bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes and bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. Nat Chem 2023; 15:685-693. [PMID: 36973434 PMCID: PMC10684141 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic borylations of sp3 C-H bonds occur with high selectivities for primary C-H bonds or secondary C-H bonds that are activated by nearby electron-withdrawing substituents. Catalytic borylation at tertiary C-H bonds has not been observed. Here we describe a broadly applicable method for the synthesis of boron-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes and (hetero)bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes by an iridium-catalysed borylation of the bridgehead tertiary C-H bond. This reaction is highly selective for the formation of bridgehead boronic esters and is compatible with a broad range of functional groups (>35 examples). The method is applicable to the late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals containing this substructure and the synthesis of novel bicyclic building blocks. Kinetic and computational studies suggest that C-H bond cleavage occurs with a modest barrier and that the turnover-limiting step of this reaction is an isomerization that occurs prior to reductive elimination that forms the C-B bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac F Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jenna L Manske
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander E Pashenko
- The Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- The Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergey V Ryabukhin
- The Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M Volochnyuk
- The Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine.
- Enamine Ltd, Kyiv, Ukraine.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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15
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Alonso M, Cañellas S, Delgado F, Serrano M, Diéguez-Vázquez A, Gómez JE. Accelerated Synthesis of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines: A High-Throughput Approach. Org Lett 2023; 25:771-776. [PMID: 36724762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Strained bicyclic substructures such as bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines (BCPAs) are increasingly targeted in medicinal chemistry as arylamine bioisosteres. Here, we leverage high-throughput automated synthesis to rapidly develop library-amenable reaction conditions and maximize design space to expand access to BCPAs. This new protocol relies on a copper-mediated C-N coupling approach and uses accessible and bench-stable iodo-BCP building blocks. Its applicability has been exemplified by incorporating BCPs in drug-like compounds, providing straightforward access to a library of valuable aniline-like isosteres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maialen Alonso
- Chemical Capabilities, Analytical & Purification, Global Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/Jarama 75A, E-45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Santiago Cañellas
- Chemical Capabilities, Analytical & Purification, Global Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/Jarama 75A, E-45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Francisca Delgado
- Chemical Capabilities, Analytical & Purification, Global Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/Jarama 75A, E-45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Marta Serrano
- Chemical Capabilities, Analytical & Purification, Global Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/Jarama 75A, E-45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Diéguez-Vázquez
- Chemical Capabilities, Analytical & Purification, Global Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/Jarama 75A, E-45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - José Enrique Gómez
- Chemical Capabilities, Analytical & Purification, Global Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/Jarama 75A, E-45007 Toledo, Spain
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16
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Pang Q, Li Y, Xie X, Tang J, Liu Q, Peng C, Li X, Han B. The emerging role of radical chemistry in the amination transformation of highly strained [1.1.1]propellane: Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamine as bioisosteres of anilines. Front Chem 2022; 10:997944. [PMID: 36339044 PMCID: PMC9634170 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.997944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines (BPCAs), emerging as sp3-rich surrogates for aniline and its derivatives, demonstrate unique structural features and physicochemical profiles in medicinal and synthetic chemistry. In recent years, compared with conventional synthetic approaches, the rapid development of radical chemistry enables the assembly of valuable bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines scaffold directly through the amination transformation of highly strained [1.1.1]propellane. In this review, we concisely summarize the emerging role of radical chemistry in the construction of BCPAs motif, highlighting two different and powerful radical-involved strategies including C-centered and N-centered radical pathways under appropriate conditions. The future direction concerning BCPAs is also discussed at the end of this review, which aims to provide some inspiration for the research of this promising project.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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17
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Livesley S, Trueman B, Robertson CM, Goundry WRF, Morris JA, Aïssa C. Synthesis of Sulfur-Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by Iodo-Sulfenylation of [1.1.1]Propellane. Org Lett 2022; 24:7015-7020. [PMID: 36130142 PMCID: PMC9531248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Thiols easily react with [1.1.1]propellane to give sulfur-substituted
bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes in radical reactions, but this reactivity is
not replicated in the case of heterocyclic thiols. Herein, we address
this issue by electrophilically activating [1.1.1]propellane to promote
its iodo-sulfenylation with 10 classes of heterocyclic thiols in two
protocols that can be conducted on a multigram scale without exclusion
of air or moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Livesley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom.,Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany Trueman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Craig M Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - William R F Goundry
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - James A Morris
- Syngenta, International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Aïssa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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18
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Bychek R, Mykhailiuk PK. A Practical and Scalable Approach to Fluoro-Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205103. [PMID: 35638404 PMCID: PMC9401599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
After more than 20 years of trials, a practical scalable approach to fluoro-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (F-BCPs) has been developed. The physicochemical properties of the F-BCPs have been studied, and the core was incorporated into the structure of the anti-inflammatory drug Flurbiprofen in place of the fluorophenyl ring.
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19
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Shi J, Xu QL, Ni YQ, Li L, Pan F. Radical Multicomponent Alkyl Alkynylation of Propellane via Synergistic Photoredox and Copper Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:4609-4614. [PMID: 35726904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are important bioisosteres of aryl, tert-butyl groups, and internal alkynes that can impact key physicochemical properties on drug candidates. Herein, we describe a novel and efficient reaction to synthesize alkyl-alkynyl-substituted BCP derivatives by synergistic photoredox and copper catalysis at room temperature. The mild reaction conditions, simple protocol, broad functional group tolerance, and high efficiency of this procedure make it a valuable strategy for accessing alkynyl-substituted BCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Lin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qing Ni
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Pan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
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20
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Bychek R, Mykhailiuk PK. A Practical and Scalable Approach to Fluoro‐Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bychek
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 60 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
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21
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Lasányi D, Máth D, Tolnai GL. Synthesis and Use of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylaldehyde Building Blocks. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2393-2401. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Lasányi
- Institute of Chemistry, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. stny. 1/a, Budapest H1117, Hungary
| | - Dániel Máth
- Institute of Chemistry, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. stny. 1/a, Budapest H1117, Hungary
| | - Gergely L. Tolnai
- Institute of Chemistry, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. stny. 1/a, Budapest H1117, Hungary
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22
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Livesley S, Sterling AJ, Robertson CM, Goundry WRF, Morris JA, Duarte F, Aïssa C. Electrophilic Activation of [1.1.1]Propellane for the Synthesis of Nitrogen-Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202111291. [PMID: 34705316 PMCID: PMC9299141 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Strategies commonly used for the synthesis of functionalised bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCP) rely on the reaction of [1.1.1]propellane with anionic or radical intermediates. In contrast, electrophilic activation has remained a considerable challenge due to the facile decomposition of BCP cations, which has severely limited the applications of this strategy. Herein, we report the electrophilic activation of [1.1.1]propellane in a halogen bond complex, which enables its reaction with electron-neutral nucleophiles such as anilines and azoles to give nitrogen-substituted BCPs that are prominent motifs in drug discovery. A detailed computational analysis indicates that the key halogen bonding interaction promotes nucleophilic attack without sacrificing cage stabilisation. Overall, our work rehabilitates electrophilic activation of [1.1.1]propellane as a valuable strategy for accessing functionalised BCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Livesley
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Alistair J. Sterling
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Craig M. Robertson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - William R. F. Goundry
- Early Chemical DevelopmentPharmaceutical Sciences, R&DAstraZenecaMacclesfieldSK10 2NAUK
| | - James A. Morris
- SyngentaInternational Research CentreBracknellBerkshireRG42 6EYUK
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Christophe Aïssa
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
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23
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Livesley S, Sterling AJ, Robertson CM, Goundry WRF, Morris JA, Duarte F, Aïssa C. Electrophilic Activation of [1.1.1]Propellane for the Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Livesley
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Alistair J. Sterling
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Craig M. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - William R. F. Goundry
- Early Chemical Development Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca Macclesfield SK10 2NA UK
| | - James A. Morris
- Syngenta International Research Centre Bracknell Berkshire RG42 6EY UK
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Christophe Aïssa
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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24
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Yu Z, Shi L. Synthetic routes to bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines: booming toolkits for drug design. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00703g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the flourishing progress of modern medicinal chemistry, the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines (BCPAs) have come to the fore as bioisosteres of arylamine motifs to reduce the growing concern about arylamines’ risks related...
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25
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McNamee RE, Thompson AL, Anderson EA. Synthesis and Applications of Polysubstituted Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21246-21251. [PMID: 34904841 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) are valuable substrates in the "strain release" synthesis of polysubstituted four-membered ring systems, with applications including bioconjugation agents. The introduction of substituents onto the BCB bridges is challenging due to limitations in current methods for the preparation of this bicyclic scaffold, typically necessitating linear syntheses with limited functional group tolerance and/or substituent scope. Here, we report the synthesis of tri- and tetrasubstituted BCBs via directed metalation of readily accessed BCB amides; this straightforward "late stage" approach generates a wide variety of bridge-substituted BCBs that can be easily converted into other useful small ring building blocks. Access to a monodeuterated BCB afforded unprecedented insight into the mechanism of dihalocarbene insertion into BCBs to afford bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E McNamee
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Amber L Thompson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
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26
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Grygorenko OO, Volochnyuk DM, Vashchenko BV. Emerging Building Blocks for Medicinal Chemistry: Recent Synthetic Advances. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M. Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Murmanska Street 5 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
| | - Bohdan V. Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
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27
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Anderson JM, Measom ND, Murphy JA, Poole DL. Bridge Functionalisation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Anderson
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry WestCHEM University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow Scotland G1 1XL UK
| | - Nicholas D. Measom
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry WestCHEM University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow Scotland G1 1XL UK
| | - Darren L. Poole
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
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28
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Anderson JM, Measom ND, Murphy JA, Poole DL. Bridge Functionalisation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24754-24769. [PMID: 34151501 PMCID: PMC9291545 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
"Escaping from flatland", by increasing the saturation level and three-dimensionality of drug-like compounds, can enhance their potency, selectivity and pharmacokinetic profile. One approach that has attracted considerable recent attention is the bioisosteric replacement of aromatic rings, internal alkynes and tert-butyl groups with bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) units. While functionalisation of the tertiary bridgehead positions of BCP derivatives is well-documented, functionalisation of the three concyclic secondary bridge positions remains an emerging field. The unique properties of the BCP core present considerable synthetic challenges to the development of such transformations. However, the bridge positions provide novel vectors for drug discovery and applications in materials science, providing entry to novel chemical and intellectual property space. This Minireview aims to consolidate the major advances in the field, serving as a useful reference to guide further work that is expected in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Anderson
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadStevenageHertfordshireSG1 2NYUK
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryWestCHEMUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowScotlandG1 1XLUK
| | - Nicholas D. Measom
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadStevenageHertfordshireSG1 2NYUK
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryWestCHEMUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowScotlandG1 1XLUK
| | - Darren L. Poole
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadStevenageHertfordshireSG1 2NYUK
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29
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Barrett RRG, Nash C, Diennet M, Cotnoir-White D, Doyle C, Mader S, Thomson AA, Gleason JL. Dual-function antiandrogen/HDACi hybrids based on enzalutamide and entinostat. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 55:128441. [PMID: 34767912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The combination of androgen receptor antagonists with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) has been shown to be more effective than antiandrogens alone in halting growth of prostate cancer cell lines. Here we have designed, synthesized and assessed a series of antiandrogen/HDACi hybrids by combining structural features of enzalutamide with either SAHA or entinostat. The hybrids are demonstrated to maintain bifunctionality using a fluorometric HDAC assay and a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) antiandrogen assay. Antiproliferative assays showed that hybrids bearing o-aminoanilide-based HDACi motifs outperformed hydroxamic acid based HDACi's. The hybrids demonstrated selectivity for epithelial cell lines vs. stromal cell lines, suggesting a potentially useful therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R G Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Claire Nash
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Cancer Research Program of the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marine Diennet
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Pavillon Marcelle Coutu, Université de Montréal, 2950 chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada
| | - David Cotnoir-White
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Pavillon Marcelle Coutu, Université de Montréal, 2950 chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Christopher Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Sylvie Mader
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Pavillon Marcelle Coutu, Université de Montréal, 2950 chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Pavillon Roger Gaudry, Université de Montréal, 2900 bd Edouard Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Axel A Thomson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Cancer Research Program of the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - James L Gleason
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
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30
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Ripenko V, Vysochyn D, Klymov I, Zhersh S, Mykhailiuk PK. Large-Scale Synthesis and Modifications of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-dicarboxylic Acid (BCP). J Org Chem 2021; 86:14061-14068. [PMID: 34166594 PMCID: PMC8524415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
![]()
In flow photochemical addition of propellane to
diacetyl allowed construction of the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) core
in a 1 kg scale within 1 day. Haloform reaction of the formed diketone
in batch afforded bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid in a
multigram amount. Representative gram scale transformations of the
diacid were also performed to obtain various BCP-containing building
blocks—alcohols, acids, amines, trifluoroborates, amino acids, etc.—for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Ripenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Ivan Klymov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serhii Zhersh
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
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31
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Yang Y, Tsien J, Hughes JME, Peters BK, Merchant RR, Qin T. An intramolecular coupling approach to alkyl bioisosteres for the synthesis of multisubstituted bicycloalkyl boronates. Nat Chem 2021; 13:950-955. [PMID: 34584254 PMCID: PMC8739920 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclic hydrocarbons, and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) in particular, are playing an emerging role as saturated bioisosteres in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and materials chemistry. Taking advantage of strain-release strategies, prior synthetic studies have featured the synthesis of bridgehead-substituted (C1, C3) BCPs from [1.1.1]propellane. Here, we describe an approach to access multisubstituted BCPs via intramolecular cyclization. In addition to C1,C3-disubstituted BCPs, this method also enables the construction of underexplored multisubstituted (C1, C2 and C3) BCPs from readily accessible cyclobutanones. The broad generality of this method has also been examined through the synthesis of a variety of other caged bicyclic molecules, ranging from [2.1.1] to [3.2.1] scaffolds. The modularity afforded by the pendant bridgehead boron pinacol esters generated during the cyclization reaction has been demonstrated through several downstream functionalizations, highlighting the ability of this approach to enable the programmed and divergent synthesis of multisubstituted bicyclic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States
| | - Jet Tsien
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States
| | - Jonathan M. E. Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Byron K. Peters
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Rohan R. Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States.,Correspondence to:
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32
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Pickford HD, Nugent J, Owen B, Mousseau JJ, Smith RC, Anderson EA. Twofold Radical-Based Synthesis of N, C-Difunctionalized Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9729-9736. [PMID: 34161076 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines (BCPAs) are of growing importance to the pharmaceutical industry as sp3-rich bioisosteres of anilines and N-tert-butyl groups. Here we report a facile synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted BCPAs using a twofold radical functionalization strategy. Sulfonamidyl radicals, generated through fragmentation of α-iodoaziridines, undergo initial addition to [1.1.1]propellane to afford iodo-BCPAs; the newly formed C-I bond in these products is then functionalized via a silyl-mediated Giese reaction. This chemistry also translates smoothly to 1,3-disubstituted iodo-BCPs. A wide variety of radical acceptors and iodo-BCPAs are accommodated, providing straightforward access to an array of valuable aniline-like isosteres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena D Pickford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Nugent
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Owen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Russell C Smith
- Janssen PRD, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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33
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Wu Z, Xu Y, Zhang H, Wu X, Zhu C. Radical-mediated sulfonyl alkynylation, allylation, and cyanation of propellane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6066-6069. [PMID: 34037006 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02249k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) is widely applied as the bioisostere for aryl, internal alkynes, and tert-butyl groups in medicinal chemistry. We herein disclose an efficient and practical preparation of sulfonyl alkynyl/allyl/cyano-substituted BCP derivatives through a novel radical-mediated difunctionalization of propellane. The radical alkynylation, allylation, and cyanation processes readily proceed under mild photochemical conditions. The synthetic method features broad functional group tolerance, high product diversity, gram-scale preparation, and excellent atom-economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Yaohui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China. and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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34
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Shelp RA, Ciro A, Pu Y, Merchant RR, Hughes JME, Walsh PJ. Strain-release 2-azaallyl anion addition/borylation of [1.1.1]propellane: synthesis and functionalization of benzylamine bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl boronates. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7066-7072. [PMID: 34123334 PMCID: PMC8153217 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01349a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 3-component reaction between N-benzyl ketimines, [1.1.1]propellane, and pinacol boronates to generate benzylamine bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) pinacol boronates. These structures are analogous to highly sought diarylmethanamine cores, which are common motifs in bioactive molecules. We demonstrate the versatility of the boronate ester handle via downstream functionalization through a variety of reactions, including a challenging Pd-catalyzed (hetero)arylation that exhibits a broad substrate scope. Together, these methods enable the synthesis of high-value BCP benzylamines which are inaccessible by existing methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate the successful application of these newly developed (hetero)arylation conditions to a variety of challenging tertiary pinacol boronates, including nitrogen-containing heterocycles, 1,1-disubstituted cyclopropanes, and other BCP cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell A Shelp
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Anthony Ciro
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Youge Pu
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Rohan R Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. South San Francisco California 94080 USA
| | - Jonathan M E Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway New Jersey 07065 USA
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
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35
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Shin S, Lee S, Choi W, Kim N, Hong S. Visible‐Light‐Induced 1,3‐Aminopyridylation of [1.1.1]Propellane with
N
‐Aminopyridinium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seojin Lee
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Choi
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Namhoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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36
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Shin S, Lee S, Choi W, Kim N, Hong S. Visible-Light-Induced 1,3-Aminopyridylation of [1.1.1]Propellane with N-Aminopyridinium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7873-7879. [PMID: 33403785 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Through the formation of an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex, strain-release aminopyridylation of [1.1.1]propellane with N-aminopyridinium salts as bifunctional reagents enabled the direct installation of amino and pyridyl groups onto bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) frameworks in the absence of an external photocatalyst. The robustness of this method to synthesize 1,3-aminopyridylated BCPs under mild and metal-free conditions is highlighted by the late-stage modification of structurally complex biorelevant molecules. Moreover, the strategy was extended to P-centered and CF3 radicals for the unprecedented incorporation of such functional groups with pyridine across the BCP core in a three-component coupling. This practical method lays the foundation for the straightforward construction of new valuable C4-pyridine-functionalized BCP chemical entities, thus significantly expanding the range of accessibility of BCP-type bioisosteres for applications in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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37
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Matsunaga T, Kanazawa J, Ichikawa T, Harada M, Nishiyama Y, Duong NT, Matsumoto T, Miyamoto K, Uchiyama M. α‐Cyclodextrin Encapsulation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Derivatives: A Storable Feedstock for Preparation of [1.1.1]Propellane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadafumi Matsunaga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Junichiro Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ichikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Mei Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yusuke Nishiyama
- RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center and SPring-8 Center RIKEN, Tsurumi Yokohama Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
- JEOL RESONANCE Inc. 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima Tokyo 196-8558 Japan
| | - Nghia Tuan Duong
- RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center and SPring-8 Center RIKEN, Tsurumi Yokohama Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Rigaku Corporation 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima Tokyo 196-8666 Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM) Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
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38
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Matsunaga T, Kanazawa J, Ichikawa T, Harada M, Nishiyama Y, Duong NT, Matsumoto T, Miyamoto K, Uchiyama M. α-Cyclodextrin Encapsulation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Derivatives: A Storable Feedstock for Preparation of [1.1.1]Propellane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2578-2582. [PMID: 33205884 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) scaffold is useful in medicinal chemistry, and many protocols are available for synthesizing BCP derivatives from [1.1.1]propellane. Here, we report (1) the α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) encapsulation of BCP derivatives, affording a stable, readily storable material from which BCPs can be easily and quantitatively recovered and (2) new and simple protocols for deiodination reaction of 1,3-diiodo BCP to afford [1.1.1]propellane in protic/aprotic/polar/non-polar solvents. The combination of these methodologies enables simple, on-demand preparation of [1.1.1]propellane in various solvents under mild conditions from α-CD capsules containing 1,3-diiodo BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadafumi Matsunaga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ichikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mei Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nishiyama
- RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center and SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,JEOL RESONANCE Inc., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8558, Japan
| | - Nghia Tuan Duong
- RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center and SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
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39
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He FS, Xie S, Yao Y, Wu J. Recent advances in the applications of [1.1.1]propellane in organic synthesis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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40
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Ma X, Han Y, Bennett DJ. Selective Synthesis of 1-Dialkylamino-2-alkylbicyclo-[1.1.1]pentanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:9133-9138. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Ma
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yongxin Han
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - David J. Bennett
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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41
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Schwärzer K, Zipse H, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Highly Regioselective Addition of Allylic Zinc Halides and Various Zinc Enolates to [1.1.1]Propellane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20235-20241. [PMID: 32744419 PMCID: PMC7693202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a range of highly regioselective openings of [1.1.1]propellane with various allylic zinc halides, as well as zinc enolates of ketones, esters and nitriles. The resulting zincated bicyclopentanes (BCPs) were trapped with a range of electrophiles including acyl chlorides, sulfonothioates, hydroxylamino benzoates, tosyl cyanide as well as aryl and allyl halides, generating highly functionalized BCP-derivatives. The unusually high regioselectivity of these reactions has been rationalized using DFT calculations. A bioisostere of the synthetic opioid pethidine was prepared in 95 % yield in one step using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuno Schwärzer
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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42
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Bennett SH, Fawcett A, Denton EH, Biberger T, Fasano V, Winter N, Aggarwal VK. Difunctionalization of C-C σ-Bonds Enabled by the Reaction of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl Boronate Complexes with Electrophiles: Reaction Development, Scope, and Stereochemical Origins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16766-16775. [PMID: 32885974 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Difunctionalization reactions of C-C σ-bonds have the potential to streamline access to molecules that would otherwise be difficult to prepare. However, the development of such reactions is challenging because C-C σ-bonds are typically unreactive. Exploiting the high ring-strain energy of polycyclic carbocycles is a common strategy to weaken and facilitate the reaction of C-C σ-bonds, but there are limited examples of highly strained C-C σ-bonds being used in difunctionalization reactions. We demonstrate that highly strained bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl boronate complexes (strain energy ca. 65 kcal/mol), which were prepared by reacting boronic esters with bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl lithium, react with electrophiles to achieve the diastereoselective difunctionalization of the strained central C-C σ-bond of the bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl unit. The reaction shows broad substrate scope, with a range of different electrophiles and boronic esters being successfully employed to form a diverse set of 1,1,3-trisubstituted cyclobutanes (>50 examples) with high diastereoselectivity. The high diastereoselectivity observed has been rationalized based on a combination of experimental data and DFT calculations, which suggests that separate concerted and stepwise reaction mechanisms are operating, depending upon the migrating substituent and electrophile used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Bennett
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Fawcett
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Elliott H Denton
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Biberger
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Valerio Fasano
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Nils Winter
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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43
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Schwärzer K, Zipse H, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Hoch regioselektive Addition von allylischen Zinkhalogeniden und verschiedenen Zinkenolaten an [1.1.1]Propellan. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuno Schwärzer
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
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44
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Andersen C, Ferey V, Daumas M, Bernardelli P, Guérinot A, Cossy J. Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling between Alkyl (Pseudo)halides and Bicyclopentyl Grignard Reagents. Org Lett 2020; 22:6021-6025. [PMID: 32672465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of a copper-catalyzed cross-coupling between primary and secondary (pseudo)halides and bicyclopentyl Grignard reagents is reported. Highly strained bicyclopentanes can be cross-coupled with a large panel of primary alkyl mesylates and secondary alkyl iodides. The catalytic system is simple and cheap, and the reaction is general and chemoselective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Andersen
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Ferey
- Sanofi R&D, 371 rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac, 34080 Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Daumas
- Sanofi Chimie, Route d'Avignon, 30390 Aramon, France
| | | | - Amandine Guérinot
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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45
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Yu S, Jing C, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Chiral Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by 1,3-Difunctionalization of [1.1.1]Propellane. Org Lett 2020; 22:5650-5655. [PMID: 32638587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have found application as bioisosteres of aromatic rings in drug development. However, catalytic construction of this motif with adjacent stereocenters with high enantioselectivity from readily available starting materials still constitutes a significant synthetic challenge. Herein we report a direct stereoselective synthesis of α-chiral allylic BCPs by 1,3-difunctionalization of [1.1.1]propellane with Grignard reagents and allyl carbonates using iridium catalysis. This mild protocol proceeds via initial organometallic addition to [1.1.1]propellane followed by asymmetric allylic substitution, providing the products with high enantioselectivities over a broad range of substrates. Further derivatization of the products demonstrates the applicability of this method to the preparation of structurally diverse libraries of chiral BCP derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Yu
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Changcheng Jing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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46
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Kim JH, Ruffoni A, Al‐Faiyz YSS, Sheikh NS, Leonori D. Divergent Strain-Release Amino-Functionalization of [1.1.1]Propellane with Electrophilic Nitrogen-Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8225-8231. [PMID: 32003916 PMCID: PMC7318212 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the development of a photocatalytic strategy for the divergent preparation of functionalized bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines. This approach exploits, for the first time, the ability of nitrogen-radicals to undergo strain-release reaction with [1.1.1]propellane. This reactivity is facilitated by the electrophilic nature of these open-shell intermediates and the presence of strong polar effects in the transition-state for C-N bond formation/ring-opening. With the aid of a simple reductive quenching photoredox cycle, we have successfully harnessed this novel radical strain-release amination as part of a multicomponent cascade compatible with several external trapping agents. Overall, this radical strategy enables the rapid construction of novel amino-functionalized building blocks with potential application in medicinal chemistry programs as p-substituted aniline bioisosteres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Alessandro Ruffoni
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Yasair S. S. Al‐Faiyz
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceKing Faisal UniversityP.O. Box 380Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceKing Faisal UniversityP.O. Box 380Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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47
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Bär RM, Gross PJ, Nieger M, Bräse S. Sodium Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanesulfinate: A Bench-Stable Precursor for Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylsulfones and Bicyclo- [1.1.1]pentanesulfonamides. Chemistry 2020; 26:4242-4245. [PMID: 31922305 PMCID: PMC7187227 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present the synthesis of the bench-stable sodium bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanesulfinate (BCP-SO2 Na) and its application in the synthesis of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl (BCP) sulfones and sulfonamides. The salt can be obtained in a four-step procedure from commercially available precursors in multigram scale without the need for column chromatography or crystallization. Sulfinates are known to be useful precursors in radical and nucleophilic reactions and are widely used in medicinal chemistry. This building block enables access to BCP sulfones and sulfonamides avoiding the volatile [1.1.1]propellane which is favorable for the extension of SAR studies. Further, BCP-SO2 Na enables the synthesis of products that were not available with previous methods. A chlorination of BCP-SO2 Na and subsequent reaction with a Grignard reagent provides a new route to BCP sulfoxides. Several products were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M. Bär
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Patrick J. Gross
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBirkendorfer Straße 6588397Biberach an der RißGermany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems–FMSKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Herman-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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48
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Kim JH, Ruffoni A, Al‐Faiyz YSS, Sheikh NS, Leonori D. Divergent Strain‐Release Amino‐Functionalization of [1.1.1]Propellane with Electrophilic Nitrogen‐Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Alessandro Ruffoni
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Yasair S. S. Al‐Faiyz
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceKing Faisal University P.O. Box 380 Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceKing Faisal University P.O. Box 380 Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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49
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Zhang X, Smith RT, Le C, McCarver SJ, Shireman BT, Carruthers NI, MacMillan DWC. Copper-mediated synthesis of drug-like bicyclopentanes. Nature 2020; 580:220-226. [PMID: 32066140 PMCID: PMC7148169 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have become a mainstay in both academic and industrial synthetic organic chemistry due to their step- and atom-economy advantages over traditional synthetic sequences1. Recently, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) motifs have come to the fore as valuable pharmaceutical bioisosteres of benzene rings, and, in particular, 1,3-disubstituted BCP moieties have become widely adopted in medicinal chemistry as para-phenyl ring replacements2. Often these structures are generated from [1.1.1]propellane via opening of the internal C─C bond, either through the addition of radicals or metal-based nucleophiles 3-13. The resulting propellane-addition adducts are subsequently transformed to the requisite polysubstituted BCP compounds via a range of synthetic sequences that traditionally involve multiple chemical steps. While this approach has been effective to date, it is clear that a multicomponent reaction that enables single-step access to complex and diverse polysubstituted BCP products would be synthetically advantageous over the current stepwise approaches. Herein we report a one-step three-component radical coupling of [1.1.1]propellane to afford diverse functionalized bicycles using various radical precursors and heteroatom nucleophiles via a metallaphotoredox catalysis protocol. The reaction operates on short time scales (five minutes to one hour) across multiple (>10) nucleophile classes and can accommodate a diverse array of radical precursors, including those which generate alkyl, α-acyl, trifluoromethyl, and sulfonyl radicals. This method has been used to rapidly prepare BCP analogues of known pharmaceuticals, one of which has substantially different pharmacokinetic properties to those of its commercial progenitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaheng Zhang
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Russell T Smith
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Chip Le
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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50
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Yu S, Jing C, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. 1,3‐Difunctionalizations of [1.1.1]Propellane via 1,2‐Metallate Rearrangements of Boronate Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3917-3921. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Yu
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Changcheng Jing
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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