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Miller AAM, Biallas P, Shennan BDA, Dixon DJ. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Incargranine A Enabled by Bifunctional Iminophosphorane and Iridium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314308. [PMID: 37955594 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the first enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-incargranine A, in nine steps. The total synthesis was enabled by an enantioselective intramolecular organocatalysed desymmetrising Michael addition of a malonamate ester to a linked dienone substrate that established pivotal stereocentres with excellent enantio- and complete diastereoselectivity. Furthermore, a key hemiaminal intermediate was accessed by developing an iridium-catalysed reductive cyclisation, and the scope of this transformation was explored to produce a range of bicyclic hemiaminal motifs. Once installed, the hemiaminal motif was used to initiate a biomimetic cascade to access the natural product directly in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Phillip Biallas
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Benjamin D A Shennan
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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2
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Martin SF. Bridging Known and Unknown Unknowns: From Natural Products and Their Mimics to Unmet Needs in Neuroscience. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2397-2408. [PMID: 35960884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Scientific excursions into the unknown are often characterized by unanticipated twists and turns that may lead in directions that never could have been predicted. Decisions made during the course of these explorations determine what we discover. This Account chronicles one such journey that began with a challenge encountered during the synthesis of a natural product and then unfolded over more than 30 years to focus on unmet needs in neuroscience. Specifically, while developing a concise approach to tetrahydroalstonine, a heteroyohimboid alkaloid having α-adrenergic activity, we faced the predicament of assembling a key intermediate. Solving this problem resulted in the serendipitous discovery of the vinylogous Mannich reaction and a productive program wherein we used this powerful construction as a key step in the syntheses of numerous alkaloids. However, we also realized that lessons learned from the synthesis of tetrahydroalstonine could be generalized to invent a new strategy for preparing diverse collections of substituted nitrogen heterocycles that could be screened against biological targets. The approach featured the combination of several reactants in a multicomponent assembly process to give a functionalized intermediate that could be elaborated by various ring-forming reactions to give heterocyclic scaffolds that could be further diversified. Screening these compound sets against a broad range of biological targets revealed some intriguing hits, but none of them led to a productive collaboration in translational research. Notwithstanding this setback, we screened curated members of our collections against proteins in the central nervous system and discovered some substituted B-norbenzomorphans that were selective for the enigmatic sigma-2 receptor (σ2R), an understudied protein that had been primarily associated with cancer. With scant knowledge of its role in neuroscience, we posited that small molecules that bind to σ2R might be neuroprotective, thus launching a new venture. In parallel investigations we prepared analogues of the initial hits, explored their effects in animal models of neurodegenerative and neurological conditions, and identified σ2R as transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97). After first establishing the neuroprotective effects of several σ2R/TMEM97 ligands in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model of neurodegeneration, we showed that one of these has procognitive effects and reduces levels of proinflammatory cytokines in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. We then identified a closely related σ2R/TMEM97 ligand that mitigates hippocampal-dependent memory deficits, prevents axon degeneration, and protects neurons and oligodendrocytes after traumatic brain injury. In a recent study, this compound was shown to protect retinal ganglion cells from retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. In other collaborative investigations, we have shown that related, but structurally distinct, σ2R/TMEM97 ligands alleviate neuropathic pain, while a σ2R/TMEM97 ligand representing yet another chemotype reduces impairments associated with alcohol withdrawal. More recently, we have shown that σ2R/TMEM97 ligands enhance survival of cortical neurons in a neuronal model of Huntington's disease. Translational and mechanistic studies in these and other areas are in progress. Solving a problem we faced in natural product synthesis thus served as an unexpected gateway to discoveries that could lead to entirely new approaches to treat neurodegenerative and neurological conditions by targeting σ2R/TMEM97, a protein that has never been associated with these afflictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Martin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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3
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Li Z, Zhao F, Ou W, Huang P, Wang X. Asymmetric Deoxygenative Alkynylation of Tertiary Amides Enabled by Iridium/Copper Bimetallic Relay Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Feng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Wei Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Pei‐Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
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Li Z, Zhao F, Ou W, Huang PQ, Wang X. Asymmetric Deoxygenative Alkynylation of Tertiary Amides Enabled by Iridium/Copper Bimetallic Relay Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26604-26609. [PMID: 34596947 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A variety of inert tertiary amides have been successfully transformed into synthetically important chiral propargylamines in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities via a relayed sequence of Ir catalyzed partial reduction and Cu/GARPHOS catalyzed asymmetric alkynylation with terminal alkynes. The reaction was readily extended to some drug molecules and the transformations of representative products have been demonstrated, thus attesting the practical utilities and the robust nature of the protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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Matheau‐Raven D, Dixon DJ. General α-Amino 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Synthesis via Late-Stage Reductive Functionalization of Tertiary Amides and Lactams*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19725-19729. [PMID: 34191400 PMCID: PMC8457168 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An iridium-catalyzed reductive three-component coupling reaction for the synthesis of medicinally relevant α-amino 1,3,4-oxadiazoles from abundant tertiary amides or lactams, carboxylic acids, and (N-isocyanimino) triphenylphosphorane, is described. Proceeding under mild conditions using (<1 mol %) Vaska's complex (IrCl(CO)(PPh3 )2 ) and tetramethyldisiloxane to access the key reactive iminium ion intermediates, a broad range of α-amino 1,3,4-oxadiazole architectures were accessed from carboxylic acid feedstock coupling partners. Extension to α-amino heterodiazole synthesis was readily achieved by exchanging the carboxylic acid coupling partner for C-, S-, or N-centered Brønsted acids, and provided rapid and modular access to these desirable, yet difficult-to-access, heterocycles. The high chemoselectivity of the catalytic reductive activation step allowed late-stage functionalization of 10 drug molecules, including the synthesis of heterodiazole-fused drug-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Matheau‐Raven
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordUK
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordUK
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Matheau‐Raven D, Dixon DJ. General α‐Amino 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Synthesis via Late‐Stage Reductive Functionalization of Tertiary Amides and Lactams**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Matheau‐Raven
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
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Li G, Gaeng N, Piemontesi C, Wang Q, Zhu J. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Alstilobanine C, (+)-Undulifoline, and (-)-Alpneumine H. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12392-12395. [PMID: 33755301 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the enantioselective total synthesis of three monoterpene indole alkaloids, namely, (+)-alstilobanine C, (+)-undulifoline, and (-)-alpneumine H. The key features of our synthesis include: a) introduction of chirality via enantioselective deprotonation of a prochiral 4-substituted cyclohexanone; b) use of methoxymethyl (MOM) ether as both a hydroxyl protective group and a latent oxonium species for the formation of bridged oxepane and c) domino double reductive cyclization to build both the indole and the piperidine ring at the end of the synthesis. The synthesis confirmed the absolute configuration of these natural products assigned based on the biogenetic hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Li
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Gaeng
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Piemontesi
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Li G, Gaeng N, Piemontesi C, Wang Q, Zhu J. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Alstilobanine C, (+)‐Undulifoline, and (−)‐Alpneumine H. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Li
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Gaeng
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Cyril Piemontesi
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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9
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Rogova T, Gabriel P, Zavitsanou S, Leitch JA, Duarte F, Dixon DJ. Reverse Polarity Reductive Functionalization of Tertiary Amides via a Dual Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation and Single Electron Transfer Strategy. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Rogova
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Gabriel
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Stamatia Zavitsanou
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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10
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Chauhan A, Patel RK, Grellier M, Kumar R. Hydrogen-Bond-Guided Reaction of Cyclohexadienone-aldehydes with Amines: Synthesis of an Aminal Group Containing a Fused Tetracyclic Framework. Org Lett 2020; 22:6177-6181. [PMID: 32790433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A modular approach has been developed for an efficient synthesis of an aminal group containing a new tetracyclic framework. The strategy has been devised based on selective hydrogen-bond-guided aza-Michael addition of heteroaromatic amines to cyclohexadienone-aldehydes. The reaction is highly atom economic and practical and involves stereoselective construction of four new C-N bonds and four rings. The synthetic utility of the tetracyclic product was explored. The role of a H-bond was explained with the help of experimental and density functional theory (DFT) computation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Chauhan
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031 UP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Raj Kumar Patel
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031 UP, India
| | - Mary Grellier
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, Toulouse F-31077 Cedex 4, France
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031 UP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
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Matheau-Raven D, Gabriel P, Leitch JA, Almehmadi YA, Yamazaki K, Dixon DJ. Catalytic Reductive Functionalization of Tertiary Amides using Vaska’s Complex: Synthesis of Complex Tertiary Amine Building Blocks and Natural Products. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Matheau-Raven
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Gabriel
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Yaseen A. Almehmadi
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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