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Hossain SI, Bajrami D, Altun N, Izzi M, Calvano CD, Sportelli MC, Gentile L, Picca RA, Gonzalez P, Mizaikoff B, Cioffi N. Development of super nanoantimicrobials combining AgCl, tetracycline and benzalkonium chloride. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:100. [PMID: 38861141 PMCID: PMC11166621 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate that a simple argentometric titration is a scalable, fast, green and robust approach for producing AgCl/antibiotic hybrid antimicrobial materials. We titrated AgNO3 into tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) aqueous solution, thus forming AgCl/TCH in a one-step procedure. Furthermore, we investigated the one-pot synthesis of triply synergistic super-nanoantimicrobials, combining an inorganic source of Ag+ ions (AgCl), a disinfecting agent (benzyl-dimethyl-hexadecyl-ammonium chloride, BAC) and a molecular antibiotic (tetracycline hydrochloride, TCH). Conventional antimicrobial tests, industrial biofilm detection protocols, and in situ IR-ATR microbial biofilm monitoring, have been adapted to understand the performance of the synthesized super-nanoantimicrobial. The resulting hybrid AgCl/BAC/TCH nanoantimicrobials are found to be synergistically active in eradicating Salmonella enterica and Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri bacteria and biofilms. This study paves the way for the development of a new class of super-efficient nanoantimicrobials that combine relatively low amounts of multiple active species into a single (nano)formulation, thus preventing the development of antimicrobial resistance towards a single active principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Imdadul Hossain
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science) c/o Dept. Chemistry, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Diellza Bajrami
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nazan Altun
- ASINCAR (Research Association of Meat Industries of Principado de Asturias), 33180, Noreña, Spain
| | - Margherita Izzi
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science) c/o Dept. Chemistry, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Cosima Damiana Calvano
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science) c/o Dept. Chemistry, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Sportelli
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science) c/o Dept. Chemistry, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Gentile
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science) c/o Dept. Chemistry, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Picca
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science) c/o Dept. Chemistry, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Pelayo Gonzalez
- ASINCAR (Research Association of Meat Industries of Principado de Asturias), 33180, Noreña, Spain
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
- Hahn-Schickard, Sedanstrasse 14, 89077, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Nicola Cioffi
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy.
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science) c/o Dept. Chemistry, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy.
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Bajrami D, Hossain SI, Barbarossa A, Sportelli MC, Picca RA, Gentile L, Mastrolonardo F, Rosato A, Carocci A, Colabufo NA, Mizaikoff B, Cioffi N. A scalable route to quaternary ammonium-functionalized AgCl colloidal antimicrobials inhibiting food pathogenic bacteria and biofilms. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25260. [PMID: 38327442 PMCID: PMC10847915 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores how a simple argentometric titration-like approach could be evolved into a versatile, scalable, fast, and robust strategy for the production of AgCl/quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) colloidal nanoantimicrobials (NAMs). These systems, which are green, stable, cost-effective, and reproducible are found to be effective against a wide range of food pathogenic bacteria and biofilms. The option of a large-scale production for such colloidal suspensions was explored via the use of a peristaltic pump. The utilization of various types of biosafe QACs and a wide range of solvents including aqueous and organic ones renders this system green and versatile. Nanocolloids (NCs) were characterized using UV-Vis, X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. Their morphology and crystalline nature were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area diffraction pattern (SAED). Nanoparticle (NP) size distribution and hydrodynamic radius were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS), while the ζ-potential was found to be highly positive, thus indicating significant colloidal stability and antimicrobial activity. In fact, the higher the NP surface charge, the stronger was their bioactivity. Furthermore, the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of the as-prepared NCs were tested against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and Listeria monocytogenes 46, and Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). The results clearly indicate that AgCl/QACs provide pronounced antibiofilm activity with long-term bacteriostatic effects against foodborne pathogenic bacteria rendering them an ideal choice for active food packaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diellza Bajrami
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Syed Imdadul Hossain
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science) C/o Dept. Chemistry, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Alexia Barbarossa
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Sportelli
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science) C/o Dept. Chemistry, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Picca
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science) C/o Dept. Chemistry, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Gentile
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science) C/o Dept. Chemistry, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Carocci
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126, Bari, Italy
- Biofordrug Srl, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Dante 95, 70019, Triggiano, Bari, Italy
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Sedanstrasse 14, 89077, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nicola Cioffi
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science) C/o Dept. Chemistry, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
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Bekissanova Z, Railean V, Wojtczak I, Brzozowska W, Trykowski G, Ospanova A, Sprynskyy M. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 3D Micro-Nanostructured Diatom Biosilica Coated by Epitaxially Growing Ag-AgCl Hybrid Nanoparticles. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 9:5. [PMID: 38248579 PMCID: PMC10813397 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The 3D (three-dimensional) micro-nanostructured diatom biosilica obtained from cultivated diatoms was used as a support to immobilize epitaxially growing AgCl-Ag hybrid nanoparticles ((Ag-AgCl)NPs) for the synthesis of nanocomposites with antimicrobial properties. The prepared composites that contained epitaxially grown (Ag-AgCl)NPs were investigated in terms of their morphological and structural characteristics, elemental and mineral composition, crystalline forms, zeta potential, and photoluminescence properties using a variety of instrumental methods including SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray powder diffraction), zeta-potential measurement, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The content of (AgCl-Ag)NPs in the hybrid composites amounted to 4.6 mg/g and 8.4 mg/g with AgClNPs/AgNPs ratios as a percentage of 86/14 and 51/49, respectively. Hybrid nanoparticles were evenly dispersed with a dominant size of 5 to 25 nm in composite with an amount of 8.4 mg/g of silver. The average size of the nanoparticles was 7.5 nm; also, there were nanoparticles with a size of 1-2 nm and particles that were 20-40 nm. The synthesis of (Ag-AgCl)NPs and their potential mechanism were studied. The MIC (the minimum inhibitory concentration method) approach was used to investigate the antimicrobial activity against microorganisms Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The nanocomposites containing (Ag-AgCl)NPs and natural diatom biosilica showed resistance to bacterial strains from the American Type Cultures Collection and clinical isolates (diabetic foot infection and wound isolates).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanar Bekissanova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (Z.B.); (A.O.)
- Center of Physical-Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Viorica Railean
- Department of Infectious, Invasive Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Izabela Wojtczak
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Weronika Brzozowska
- Division of Surface Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Trykowski
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Adsorption and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Alyiya Ospanova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (Z.B.); (A.O.)
- Center of Physical-Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Myroslav Sprynskyy
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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Chitosan Edible Films and Coatings with Added Bioactive Compounds: Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties and Their Application to Food Products: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020396. [PMID: 36679276 PMCID: PMC9864592 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is the deacetylated form of chitin regarded as one of the most abundant polymers and due to its properties, both chitosan alone or in combination with bioactive substances for the production of biodegradable films and coatings is gaining attention in terms of applications in the food industry. To enhance the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of chitosan, a vast variety of plant extracts have been incorporated to meet consumer demands for more environmentally friendly and synthetic preservative-free foods. This review provides knowledge about the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan films and coatings enriched with natural extracts as well as their applications in various food products and the effects they had on them. In a nutshell, it has been demonstrated that chitosan can act as a coating or packaging material with excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties in addition to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. However, further research should be carried out to widen the applications of bioactive chitosan coatings to more foods and industries as well was their industrial scale-up, thus helping to minimize the use of plastic materials.
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