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Kavand A, Noverraz F, Gerber-Lemaire S. Recent Advances in Alginate-Based Hydrogels for Cell Transplantation Applications. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:469. [PMID: 38675129 PMCID: PMC11053880 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With its exceptional biocompatibility, alginate emerged as a highly promising biomaterial for a large range of applications in regenerative medicine. Whether in the form of microparticles, injectable hydrogels, rigid scaffolds, or bioinks, alginate provides a versatile platform for encapsulating cells and fostering an optimal environment to enhance cell viability. This review aims to highlight recent studies utilizing alginate in diverse formulations for cell transplantation, offering insights into its efficacy in treating various diseases and injuries within the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandrine Gerber-Lemaire
- Group for Functionalized Biomaterials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.K.); (F.N.)
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2
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Ma Y, Deng B, He R, Huang P. Advancements of 3D bioprinting in regenerative medicine: Exploring cell sources for organ fabrication. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24593. [PMID: 38318070 PMCID: PMC10838744 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting has unlocked new possibilities for generating complex and functional tissues and organs. However, one of the greatest challenges lies in selecting the appropriate seed cells for constructing fully functional 3D artificial organs. Currently, there are no cell sources available that can fulfill all requirements of 3D bioprinting technologies, and each cell source possesses unique characteristics suitable for specific applications. In this review, we explore the impact of different 3D bioprinting technologies and bioink materials on seed cells, providing a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of cell sources that have been used or hold potential in 3D bioprinting. We also summarized key points to guide the selection of seed cells for 3D bioprinting. Moreover, we offer insights into the prospects of seed cell sources in 3D bioprinted organs, highlighting their potential to revolutionize the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Runbang He
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Engineering Research Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Technology and Device (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Pengyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Engineering Research Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Technology and Device (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
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3
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Liu G, Wei X, Zhai Y, Zhang J, Li J, Zhao Z, Guan T, Zhao D. 3D printed osteochondral scaffolds: design strategies, present applications and future perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1339916. [PMID: 38425994 PMCID: PMC10902174 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1339916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Articular osteochondral (OC) defects are a global clinical problem characterized by loss of full-thickness articular cartilage with underlying calcified cartilage through to the subchondral bone. While current surgical treatments can relieve pain, none of them can completely repair all components of the OC unit and restore its original function. With the rapid development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, admirable progress has been made in bone and cartilage reconstruction, providing new strategies for restoring joint function. 3D printing has the advantages of fast speed, high precision, and personalized customization to meet the requirements of irregular geometry, differentiated composition, and multi-layered boundary layer structures of joint OC scaffolds. This review captures the original published researches on the application of 3D printing technology to the repair of entire OC units and provides a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in 3D printed OC scaffolds. We first introduce the gradient structure and biological properties of articular OC tissue. The considerations for the development of 3D printed OC scaffolds are emphatically summarized, including material types, fabrication techniques, structural design and seed cells. Especially from the perspective of material composition and structural design, the classification, characteristics and latest research progress of discrete gradient scaffolds (biphasic, triphasic and multiphasic scaffolds) and continuous gradient scaffolds (gradient material and/or structure, and gradient interface) are summarized. Finally, we also describe the important progress and application prospect of 3D printing technology in OC interface regeneration. 3D printing technology for OC reconstruction should simulate the gradient structure of subchondral bone and cartilage. Therefore, we must not only strengthen the basic research on OC structure, but also continue to explore the role of 3D printing technology in OC tissue engineering. This will enable better structural and functional bionics of OC scaffolds, ultimately improving the repair of OC defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yun Zhai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingrun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Junlei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianmin Guan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, China
| | - Deiwei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
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Chen X, Fazel Anvari-Yazdi A, Duan X, Zimmerling A, Gharraei R, Sharma N, Sweilem S, Ning L. Biomaterials / bioinks and extrusion bioprinting. Bioact Mater 2023; 28:511-536. [PMID: 37435177 PMCID: PMC10331419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioinks are formulations of biomaterials and living cells, sometimes with growth factors or other biomolecules, while extrusion bioprinting is an emerging technique to apply or deposit these bioinks or biomaterial solutions to create three-dimensional (3D) constructs with architectures and mechanical/biological properties that mimic those of native human tissue or organs. Printed constructs have found wide applications in tissue engineering for repairing or treating tissue/organ injuries, as well as in vitro tissue modelling for testing or validating newly developed therapeutics and vaccines prior to their use in humans. Successful printing of constructs and their subsequent applications rely on the properties of the formulated bioinks, including the rheological, mechanical, and biological properties, as well as the printing process. This article critically reviews the latest developments in bioinks and biomaterial solutions for extrusion bioprinting, focusing on bioink synthesis and characterization, as well as the influence of bioink properties on the printing process. Key issues and challenges are also discussed along with recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- X.B. Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, S7K 5A9, Saskatoon, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - A. Fazel Anvari-Yazdi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - X. Duan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - A. Zimmerling
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - R. Gharraei
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - N.K. Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, S7K 5A9, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - S. Sweilem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - L. Ning
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
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Joshi A, Singh N. Generation of Patterned Cocultures in 2D and 3D: State of the Art. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:34249-34261. [PMID: 37780002 PMCID: PMC10536108 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Cells inside the body are embedded into a highly structured microenvironment that consists of cells that lie in direct or close contact with other cell types that regulate the overall tissue function. Therefore, coculture models are versatile tools that can generate tissue engineering constructs with improved mimicking of in vivo conditions. While there are many reviews that have focused on pattering a single cell type, very few reviews have been focused on techniques for coculturing multiple cell types on a single substrate with precise control. In this regard, this Review covers various technologies that have been utilized for the development of these patterned coculture models while mentioning the limitations associated with each of them. Further, the application of these models to various tissue engineering applications has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Joshi
- Centre
for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre
for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
- Biomedical
Engineering Unit, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, Ansari
Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
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Sanaei K, Zamanian A, Mashayekhan S, Ramezani T. Formulation and Characterization of a Novel Oxidized Alginate-Gelatin-Silk Fibroin Bioink with the Aim of Skin Regeneration. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2023; 27:280-93. [PMID: 37873644 PMCID: PMC10707813 DOI: 10.61186/ibj.27.5.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Background In the present study, a novel bioink was suggested based on the oxidized alginate (OAlg), gelatin (GL), and silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels. Methods The composition of the bioink was optimized by the rheological and printability measurements, and the extrusion-based 3D bioprinting process was performed by applying the optimum OAlg-based bioink. Results The results demonstrated that the viscosity of bioink was continuously decreased by increasing the SF/GL ratio, and the bioink displayed a maximum achievable printability (92 ± 2%) at 2% (w/v) of SF and 4% (w/v) of GL. Moreover, the cellular behavior of the scaffolds investigated by MTT assay and live/dead staining confirmed the biocompatibility of the prepared bioink. Conclusion The bioprinted OAlg-GL-SF scaffold could have the potential for using in skin tissue engineering applications, which needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Sanaei
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Zamanian
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shohreh Mashayekhan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebe Ramezani
- Faculty of biological sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Ege D, Hasirci V. Is 3D Printing Promising for Osteochondral Tissue Regeneration? ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1431-1444. [PMID: 36943415 PMCID: PMC10114088 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue regeneration is quite difficult to achieve due to the complexity of its organization. In the design of these complex multilayer structures, a fabrication method, 3D printing, started to be employed, especially by using extrusion, stereolithography and inkjet printing approaches. In this paper, the designs are discussed including biphasic, triphasic, and gradient structures which aim to mimic the cartilage and the calcified cartilage and the whole osteochondral tissue closely. In the first section of the review paper, 3D printing of hydrogels including gelatin methacryloyl (GelMa), alginate, and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) are discussed. However, their physical and biological properties need to be augmented, and this generally is achieved by blending the hydrogel with other, more durable, less hydrophilic, polymers. These scaffolds are very suitable to carry growth factors, such as TGF-β1, to further stimulate chondrogenesis. The bone layer is mimicked by printing calcium phosphates (CaPs) or bioactive glasses together with the hydrogels or as a component of another polymer layer. The current research findings indicate that polyester (i.e. polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)) reinforced hydrogels may more successfully mimic the complex structure of osteochondral tissue. Moreover, more recent printing methods such as melt electrowriting (MEW), are being used to integrate polyester fibers to enhance the mechanical properties of hydrogels. Additionally, polyester scaffolds that are 3D printed without hydrogels are discussed after the hydrogel-based scaffolds. In this review paper, the relevant studies are analyzed and discussed, and future work is recommended with support of tables of designed scaffolds. The outcome of the survey of the field is that 3D printing has significant potential to contribute to osteochondral tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ege
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Rasathane Cd, Kandilli Campus, Kandilli Mah., 34684 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, METU Research Group, BIOMATEN, Cankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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3D-Printing of Silk Nanofibrils Reinforced Alginate for Soft Tissue Engineering. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030763. [PMID: 36986622 PMCID: PMC10054105 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The main challenge of extrusion 3D bioprinting is the development of bioinks with the desired rheological and mechanical performance and biocompatibility to create complex and patient-specific scaffolds in a repeatable and accurate manner. This study aims to introduce non-synthetic bioinks based on alginate (Alg) incorporated with various concentrations of silk nanofibrils (SNF, 1, 2, and 3 wt.%) and optimize their properties for soft tissue engineering. Alg-SNF inks demonstrated a high degree of shear-thinning with reversible stress softening behavior contributing to extrusion in pre-designed shapes. In addition, our results confirmed the good interaction between SNFs and alginate matrix resulted in significantly improved mechanical and biological characteristics and controlled degradation rate. Noticeably, the addition of 2 wt.% SNF improved the compressive strength (2.2 times), tensile strength (5 times), and elastic modulus (3 times) of alginate. In addition, reinforcing 3D-printed alginate with 2 wt.% SNF resulted in increased cell viability (1.5 times) and proliferation (5.6 times) after 5 days of culturing. In summary, our study highlights the favorable rheological and mechanical performances, degradation rate, swelling, and biocompatibility of Alg-2SNF ink containing 2 wt.% SNF for extrusion-based bioprinting.
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Adhikari J, Roy A, Chanda A, D A G, Thomas S, Ghosh M, Kim J, Saha P. Effects of surface patterning and topography on the cellular functions of tissue engineered scaffolds with special reference to 3D bioprinting. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1236-1269. [PMID: 36644788 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01499h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tissue organ exhibits a topography from the nano to micrometer range, and the design of scaffolds has been inspired by the host environment. Modern bioprinting aims to replicate the host tissue environment to mimic the native physiological functions. A detailed discussion on the topographical features controlling cell attachment, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and the effect of geometrical design on the wettability and mechanical properties of the scaffold are presented in this review. Moreover, geometrical pattern-mediated stiffness and pore arrangement variations for guiding cell functions have also been discussed. This review also covers the application of designed patterns, gradients, or topographic modulation on 3D bioprinted structures in fabricating the anisotropic features. Finally, this review accounts for the tissue-specific requirements that can be adopted for topography-motivated enhancement of cellular functions during the fabrication process with a special thrust on bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Adhikari
- School of Advanced Materials, Green Energy and Sensor Systems, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Avinava Roy
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Amit Chanda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Gouripriya D A
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research (JISIASR) Kolkata, JIS University, GP Block, Salt Lake, Sector-5, West Bengal 700091, India.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, MG University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Manojit Ghosh
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Jinku Kim
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, 30016, South Korea.
| | - Prosenjit Saha
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research (JISIASR) Kolkata, JIS University, GP Block, Salt Lake, Sector-5, West Bengal 700091, India.
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10
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Joshi A, Kaur T, Joshi A, Gugulothu SB, Choudhury S, Singh N. Light-Mediated 3D Printing of Micro-Pyramid-Decorated Tailorable Wound Dressings with Endogenous Growth Factor Sequestration for Improved Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:327-337. [PMID: 36562761 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Medical dressings play an important role in the field of tissue engineering owing to their ability to accelerate the process of wound healing. Great efforts have been made to fabricate wound dressings with distinctive features for promoting wound healing. However, most of the current synthesis methods either generate dressings of uniform size or involve complex fabrication techniques, thus limiting their commercialization for the personalized dressings. We report here a dressing, which presents a paradigm shift in the design of the dressing from uniform films to a micro-patterned film. The hypothesis driving the design is the ability of the 3D patterns to provide an efficient transient matrix filling the depth of the wound rather than just providing a barrier and slight re-epithelialization. We demonstrate the use of the digital light processing 3D printing technique to generate micro-pyramid-decorated wound healing dressings with individualized design and with bio-compatible gelatin methacryloyl to contact the wounded areas. In addition to providing better adhesion to the migratory cells, the micro-pyramids also enable covalent conjugation of heparin, providing capability to sequester endogenous growth factors (GFs). Based on these advantages, the developed dressing not only adheres strongly to the wound bed but also promotes the treatment of a rat wound model by utilizing the power of endogenous GFs for tissue regeneration. Thus, it is believed that the developed dressing can break through the limitation of traditional wound treatment and be an ideal candidate for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Joshi
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi110016, India
| | - Tejinder Kaur
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi110016, India
| | - Akshat Joshi
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India
| | - Sriram Bharath Gugulothu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore560012, India
| | - Saswat Choudhury
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi110016, India
- Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi110029, India
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Kong Z, Wang X. Bioprinting Technologies and Bioinks for Vascular Model Establishment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010891. [PMID: 36614332 PMCID: PMC9821327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically, large diameter artery defects (diameter larger than 6 mm) can be substituted by unbiodegradable polymers, such as polytetrafluoroethylene. There are many problems in the construction of small diameter blood vessels (diameter between 1 and 3 mm) and microvessels (diameter less than 1 mm), especially in the establishment of complex vascular models with multi-scale branched networks. Throughout history, the vascularization strategies have been divided into three major groups, including self-generated capillaries from implantation, pre-constructed vascular channels, and three-dimensional (3D) printed cell-laden hydrogels. The first group is based on the spontaneous angiogenesis behaviour of cells in the host tissues, which also lays the foundation of capillary angiogenesis in tissue engineering scaffolds. The second group is to vascularize the polymeric vessels (or scaffolds) with endothelial cells. It is hoped that the pre-constructed vessels can be connected with the vascular networks of host tissues with rapid blood perfusion. With the development of bioprinting technologies, various fabrication methods have been achieved to build hierarchical vascular networks with high-precision 3D control. In this review, the latest advances in 3D bioprinting of vascularized tissues/organs are discussed, including new printing techniques and researches on bioinks for promoting angiogenesis, especially coaxial printing, freeform reversible embedded in suspended hydrogel printing, and acoustic assisted printing technologies, and freeform reversible embedded in suspended hydrogel (flash) technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Kong
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education & Center of Organ Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-24-3190-0983
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12
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Santos-Beato P, Midha S, Pitsillides AA, Miller A, Torii R, Kalaskar DM. Biofabrication of the osteochondral unit and its applications: Current and future directions for 3D bioprinting. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221133480. [PMID: 36386465 PMCID: PMC9643769 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221133480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple prevalent diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA), for which there is no cure or full understanding, affect the osteochondral unit; a complex interface tissue whose architecture, mechanical nature and physiological characteristics are still yet to be successfully reproduced in vitro. Although there have been multiple tissue engineering-based approaches to recapitulate the three dimensional (3D) structural complexity of the osteochondral unit, there are various aspects that still need to be improved. This review presents the different pre-requisites necessary to develop a human osteochondral unit construct and focuses on 3D bioprinting as a promising manufacturing technique. Examples of 3D bioprinted osteochondral tissues are reviewed, focusing on the most used bioinks, chosen cell types and growth factors. Further information regarding the applications of these 3D bioprinted tissues in the fields of disease modelling, drug testing and implantation is presented. Finally, special attention is given to the limitations that currently hold back these 3D bioprinted tissues from being used as models to investigate diseases such as OA. Information regarding improvements needed in bioink development, bioreactor use, vascularisation and inclusion of additional tissues to further complete an OA disease model, are presented. Overall, this review gives an overview of the evolution in 3D bioprinting of the osteochondral unit and its applications, as well as further illustrating limitations and improvements that could be performed explicitly for disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swati Midha
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Aline Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ryo Torii
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University College London, London, UK
| | - Deepak M Kalaskar
- Institute of Orthopaedics and
Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science,
University College London (UCL), UK
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