1
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Aalbers GJW, van der Pol TPA, Datta K, Remmerswaal WHM, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. Effect of sub-bandgap defects on radiative and non-radiative open-circuit voltage losses in perovskite solar cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1276. [PMID: 38341428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of perovskite solar cells is affected by open-circuit voltage losses due to radiative and non-radiative charge recombination. When estimated using sensitive photocurrent measurements that cover the above- and sub-bandgap regions, the radiative open-circuit voltage is often unphysically low. Here we report sensitive photocurrent and electroluminescence spectroscopy to probe radiative recombination at sub-bandgap defects in wide-bandgap mixed-halide lead perovskite solar cells. The radiative ideality factor associated with the optical transitions increases from 1, above and near the bandgap edge, to ~2 at mid-bandgap. Such photon energy-dependent ideality factor corresponds to a many-diode model. The radiative open-circuit voltage limit derived from this many-diode model enables differentiating between radiative and non-radiative voltage losses. The latter are deconvoluted into contributions from the bulk and interfaces via determining the quasi-Fermi level splitting. The experiments show that while sub-bandgap defects do not contribute to radiative voltage loss, they do affect non-radiative voltage losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guus J W Aalbers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tom P A van der Pol
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kunal Datta
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn H M Remmerswaal
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M Wienk
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A J Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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2
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Zhang Y, Zhao B, Liu L, Wang N. Interfacial Molecular Lock Enables Highly Efficient Tin Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:53362-53370. [PMID: 37943985 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) have been facing challenges in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability due to the easy oxidation of Sn2+ and the migration of iodine ions, which create populated trap states and cause detrimental recombination of photogenerated carriers. In this work, we design a novel "molecular lock" to suppress the oxidation and iodine migration of tin perovskites by introducing F-type pseudohalide tetrafluoroborate (BF4-) and natural multifunctional antioxidant myricetin (C15H10O8). We find that the incorporation of BF4- releases lattice strain and enhances the structural stability of tin perovskites. Furthermore, it is confirmed that myricetin molecules are anchored on the surface and grain boundaries of perovskite layers via hydrogen bonding interactions, reducing Sn4+ to Sn2+ and stabilizing iodine in tin perovskite octahedrons. The resultant TPSC with a molecular lock based on (MA0.25FA0.75)0.98EDA0.01SnI2.99(BF4)0.01 achieves a high PCE of 14.08%. Moreover, the target device shows negligible change in PCE under 1000 h storage in the dark and retains 89.9% of the initial PCE after continuous irradiation for 200 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lang Liu
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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3
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Zhao Y, Datta K, Phung N, Bracesco AEA, Zardetto V, Paggiaro G, Liu H, Fardousi M, Santbergen R, Moya PP, Han C, Yang G, Wang J, Zhang D, van Gorkom BT, van der Pol TPA, Verhage M, Wienk MM, Kessels WMM, Weeber A, Zeman M, Mazzarella L, Creatore M, Janssen RA, Isabella O. Optical Simulation-Aided Design and Engineering of Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023; 6:5217-5229. [PMID: 37234970 PMCID: PMC10206623 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.3c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Monolithic perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells have attracted enormous research attention and have achieved efficiencies above 30%. This work describes the development of monolithic tandem solar cells based on silicon heterojunction (SHJ) bottom- and perovskite top-cells and highlights light management techniques assisted by optical simulation. We first engineered (i)a-Si:H passivating layers for (100)-oriented flat c-Si surfaces and combined them with various (n)a-Si:H, (n)nc-Si:H, and (n)nc-SiOx:H interfacial layers for SHJ bottom-cells. In a symmetrical configuration, a long minority carrier lifetime of 16.9 ms was achieved when combining (i)a-Si:H bilayers with (n)nc-Si:H (extracted at the minority carrier density of 1015 cm-3). The perovskite sub-cell uses a photostable mixed-halide composition and surface passivation strategies to minimize energetic losses at charge-transport interfaces. This allows tandem efficiencies above 23% (a maximum of 24.6%) to be achieved using all three types of (n)-layers. Observations from experimentally prepared devices and optical simulations indicate that both (n)nc-SiOx:H and (n)nc-Si:H are promising for use in high-efficiency tandem solar cells. This is possible due to minimized reflection at the interfaces between the perovskite and SHJ sub-cells by optimized interference effects, demonstrating the applicability of such light management techniques to various tandem structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhao
- Photovoltaic
Materials and Devices Group, Delft University
of Technology, Partner in Solliance, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Kunal Datta
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nga Phung
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science of Education, Eindhoven University of Technology,
Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea E. A. Bracesco
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science of Education, Eindhoven University of Technology,
Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Giulia Paggiaro
- Photovoltaic
Materials and Devices Group, Delft University
of Technology, Partner in Solliance, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Hanchen Liu
- Photovoltaic
Materials and Devices Group, Delft University
of Technology, Partner in Solliance, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mohua Fardousi
- Photovoltaic
Materials and Devices Group, Delft University
of Technology, Partner in Solliance, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi Santbergen
- Photovoltaic
Materials and Devices Group, Delft University
of Technology, Partner in Solliance, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Procel Moya
- Photovoltaic
Materials and Devices Group, Delft University
of Technology, Partner in Solliance, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Can Han
- Photovoltaic
Materials and Devices Group, Delft University
of Technology, Partner in Solliance, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Guangtao Yang
- Photovoltaic
Materials and Devices Group, Delft University
of Technology, Partner in Solliance, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Junke Wang
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dong Zhang
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- TNO, Partner in Solliance, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bas T. van Gorkom
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tom P. A. van der Pol
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Verhage
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelmus M. M. Kessels
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science of Education, Eindhoven University of Technology,
Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur Weeber
- Photovoltaic
Materials and Devices Group, Delft University
of Technology, Partner in Solliance, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
- TNO
Energy Transition—Solar Energy, P.O. Box 15, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands
| | - Miro Zeman
- Photovoltaic
Materials and Devices Group, Delft University
of Technology, Partner in Solliance, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Luana Mazzarella
- Photovoltaic
Materials and Devices Group, Delft University
of Technology, Partner in Solliance, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mariadriana Creatore
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science of Education, Eindhoven University of Technology,
Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Eindhoven
Institute for Renewable Energy Systems, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A.
J. Janssen
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Olindo Isabella
- Photovoltaic
Materials and Devices Group, Delft University
of Technology, Partner in Solliance, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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4
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Wright AD, Patel JB, Johnston MB, Herz LM. Temperature-Dependent Reversal of Phase Segregation in Mixed-Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210834. [PMID: 36821796 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of light-induced halide segregation in mixed-halide perovskites is essential for their application in multijunction solar cells. Here, photoluminescence spectroscopy is used to uncover how both increases in temperature and light intensity can counteract the halide segregation process. It is observed that, with increasing temperature, halide segregation in CH3 NH3 Pb(Br0.4 I0.6 )3 first accelerates toward ≈290 K, before slowing down again toward higher temperatures. Such reversal is attributed to the trade-off between the temperature activation of segregation, for example through enhanced ionic migration, and its inhibition by entropic factors. High light intensities meanwhile can also reverse halide segregation; however, this is found to be only a transient process that abates on the time scale of minutes. Overall, these observations pave the way for a more complete model of halide segregation and aid the development of highly efficient and stable perovskite multijunction and concentrator photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Wright
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Jay B Patel
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Michael B Johnston
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Laura M Herz
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstraße 2a, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
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5
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Datta K, Caiazzo A, Hope MA, Li J, Mishra A, Cordova M, Chen Z, Emsley L, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. Light-Induced Halide Segregation in 2D and Quasi-2D Mixed-Halide Perovskites. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:1662-1670. [PMID: 37090170 PMCID: PMC10111410 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced halide segregation hinders widespread application of three-dimensional (3D) mixed-halide perovskites. Much less is known about this phenomenon in lower-dimensional systems. Here, we study photoinduced halide segregation in lower-dimensional mixed iodide-bromide perovskites (PEA2MA n-1Pb n (Br x I1-x )3n+1, with PEA+: phenethylammonium and MA+: methylammonium) through time-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. We show that layered two-dimensional (2D) structures render additional stability against the demixing of halide phases under illumination. We ascribe this behavior to reduced halide mobility due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of 2D mixed-halide perovskites, which we demonstrate via 207Pb solid-state NMR. However, the dimensionality of the 2D phase is critical in regulating photostability. By tracking the PL of multidimensional perovskite films under illumination, we find that while halide segregation is largely inhibited in 2D perovskites (n = 1), it is not suppressed in quasi-2D phases (n = 2), which display a behavior intermediate between 2D and 3D and a peculiar absence of halide redistribution in the dark that is only induced at higher temperature for the quasi-2D phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Datta
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Caiazzo
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michael A. Hope
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Junyu Li
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aditya Mishra
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Cordova
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Zehua Chen
- Materials
Simulation and Modelling and Center for Computational Energy Research,
Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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6
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Pols M, Brouwers V, Calero S, Tao S. How fast do defects migrate in halide perovskites: insights from on-the-fly machine-learned force fields. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4660-4663. [PMID: 36994486 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00953j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The migration of defects plays an important role in the stability of halide perovskites. It is challenging to study defect migration with experiments or conventional computer simulations. The former lacks an atomic-scale resolution and the latter suffers from short simulation times or a lack of accuracy. Here, we demonstrate that machine-learned force fields, trained with an on-the-fly active learning scheme against accurate density functional theory calculations, allow us to probe the differences in the dynamical behaviour of halide interstitials and halide vacancies in two closely related compositions CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3. We find that interstitials migrate faster than vacancies, due to the shorter migration paths of interstitials. Both types of defects migrate faster in CsPbI3 than in CsPbBr3. We attribute this to the less compact packing of the ions in CsPbI3, which results in a larger motion of the ions and thus more frequent defect migration jumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Pols
- Materials Simulation & Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
| | - Victor Brouwers
- Materials Simulation & Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
| | - Sofía Calero
- Materials Simulation & Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
| | - Shuxia Tao
- Materials Simulation & Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
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7
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Tang J, Tian W, Sun F, Sun Q, Leng J, Zhao S, Jin S. Morphology-Dependent Carrier Accumulation Dynamics in Mixed Halide Perovskite Thin Films Caused by Phase Segregation. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2800-2806. [PMID: 36907991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The phase segregation in mixed halide perovskites is recently found to improve the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the perovskites by concentrating the carriers. However, how phase segregation affects the photoinduced carrier dynamics is unclear. Herein, we find that the phase segregation in CH3NH3PbBrxI3-x mixed halide perovskite thin film is morphology-dependent by showing I-rich domains mainly along the grain boundaries. Ultrafast transient absorption (TA) and photoluminescence upconversion (PL-UC) spectroscopy measurements uncover that the carrier accumulation in the low energy I-rich domains includes two carrier transfer pathways. Carrier transfer from the Br-rich domain and the mixed phase to the I-rich domain is realized by consecutive hole (∼0.5 ps) and electron (<12.4 ps) transfer and energy transfer (<12.4 ps), respectively. The finding reveals the carrier funneling dynamic mechanism in phase-segregated halide perovskite films and provides a guideline for the applications of mixed halide perovskites in color-conversion devices or high-efficiency LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenming Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fengke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Sun
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shengli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shengye Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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8
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Szostak R, de Souza Gonçalves A, de Freitas JN, Marchezi PE, de Araújo FL, Tolentino HCN, Toney MF, das Chagas Marques F, Nogueira AF. In Situ and Operando Characterizations of Metal Halide Perovskite and Solar Cells: Insights from Lab-Sized Devices to Upscaling Processes. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3160-3236. [PMID: 36877871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The performance and stability of metal halide perovskite solar cells strongly depend on precursor materials and deposition methods adopted during the perovskite layer preparation. There are often a number of different formation pathways available when preparing perovskite films. Since the precise pathway and intermediary mechanisms affect the resulting properties of the cells, in situ studies have been conducted to unravel the mechanisms involved in the formation and evolution of perovskite phases. These studies contributed to the development of procedures to improve the structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of the films and to move beyond spin-coating, with the use of scalable techniques. To explore the performance and degradation of devices, operando studies have been conducted on solar cells subjected to normal operating conditions, or stressed with humidity, high temperatures, and light radiation. This review presents an update of studies conducted in situ using a wide range of structural, imaging, and spectroscopic techniques, involving the formation/degradation of halide perovskites. Operando studies are also addressed, emphasizing the latest degradation results for perovskite solar cells. These works demonstrate the importance of in situ and operando studies to achieve the level of stability required for scale-up and consequent commercial deployment of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Szostak
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Agnaldo de Souza Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-859 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jilian Nei de Freitas
- Center for Information Technology Renato Archer (CTI), 13069-901 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo E Marchezi
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, 651 88 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Francineide Lopes de Araújo
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélio Cesar Nogueira Tolentino
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael F Toney
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | | | - Ana Flavia Nogueira
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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9
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Gutsev LG, Nations S, Ramachandran BR, Gutsev GL, Wang S, Aldoshin S, Duan Y. Redox Chemistry of the Subphases of α-CsPbI 2Br and β-CsPbI 2Br: Theory Reveals New Potential for Photostability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:276. [PMID: 36678028 PMCID: PMC9862745 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The logic in the design of a halide-mixed APb(I1−xBrx)3 perovskite is quite straightforward: to combine the superior photovoltaic qualities of iodine-based perovskites with the increased stability of bromine-based perovskites. However, even small amounts of Br doped into the iodine-based materials leads to some instability. In the present report, using first-principles computations, we analyzed a wide variety of α-CsPbI2Br and β-CsPbI2Br phases, compared their mixing enthalpies, explored their oxidative properties, and calculated their hole-coupled and hole-free charged Frenkel defect (CFD) formations by considering all possible channels of oxidation. Nanoinclusions of bromine-rich phases in α-CsPbI2Br were shown to destabilize the material by inducing lattice strain, making it more susceptible to oxidation. The uniformly mixed phase of α-CsPbI2Br was shown to be highly susceptible towards a phase transformation into β-CsPbI2Br when halide interstitial or halide vacancy defects were introduced into the lattice. The rotation of PbI4Br2 octahedra in α-CsPbI2Br allows it either to transform into a highly unstable apical β-CsPbI2Br, which may phase-segregate and is susceptible to CFD, or to phase-transform into equatorial β-CsPbI2Br, which is resilient against the deleterious effects of hole oxidation (energies of oxidation >0 eV) and demixing (energy of mixing <0 eV). Thus, the selective preparation of equatorial β-CsPbI2Br offers an opportunity to obtain a mixed perovskite material with enhanced photostability and an intermediate bandgap between its constituent perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavrenty Gennady Gutsev
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of RAS, Semenov Prospect 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Sean Nations
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
| | | | | | - Shengnian Wang
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
| | - Sergei Aldoshin
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of RAS, Semenov Prospect 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Yuhua Duan
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
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10
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Zeiske S, Sandberg OJ, Zarrabi N, Wolff CM, Raoufi M, Peña-Camargo F, Gutierrez-Partida E, Meredith P, Stolterfoht M, Armin A. Static Disorder in Lead Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7280-7285. [PMID: 35916775 PMCID: PMC9376950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In crystalline and amorphous semiconductors, the temperature-dependent Urbach energy can be determined from the inverse slope of the logarithm of the absorption spectrum and reflects the static and dynamic energetic disorder. Using recent advances in the sensitivity of photocurrent spectroscopy methods, we elucidate the temperature-dependent Urbach energy in lead halide perovskites containing different numbers of cation components. We find Urbach energies at room temperature to be 13.0 ± 1.0, 13.2 ± 1.0, and 13.5 ± 1.0 meV for single, double, and triple cation perovskite. Static, temperature-independent contributions to the Urbach energy are found to be as low as 5.1 ± 0.5, 4.7 ± 0.3, and 3.3 ± 0.9 meV for the same systems. Our results suggest that, at a low temperature, the dominant static disorder in perovskites is derived from zero-point phonon energy rather than structural disorder. This is unusual for solution-processed semiconductors but broadens the potential application of perovskites further to quantum electronics and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zeiske
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Oskar J. Sandberg
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Nasim Zarrabi
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Christian M. Wolff
- EPFL
STI IEM PV-LAB, Rue de la Maladière 71b, CH-2002 Neuchâtel 2, Switzerland
| | - Meysam Raoufi
- Soft
Matter Physics Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Francisco Peña-Camargo
- Soft
Matter Physics Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Emilio Gutierrez-Partida
- Soft
Matter Physics Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Paul Meredith
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Soft
Matter Physics Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ardalan Armin
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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11
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Datta K, Wang J, Zhang D, Zardetto V, Remmerswaal WHM, Weijtens CHL, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. Monolithic All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells with Minimized Optical and Energetic Losses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110053. [PMID: 34965005 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite-based multijunction solar cells are a potentially cost-effective technology that can help surpass the efficiency limits of single-junction devices. However, both mixed-halide wide-bandgap perovskites and lead-tin narrow-bandgap perovskites suffer from non-radiative recombination due to the formation of bulk traps and interfacial recombination centers which limit the open-circuit voltage of sub-cells and consequently of the integrated tandem. Additionally, the complex optical stack in a multijunction solar cell can lead to losses stemming from parasitic absorption and reflection of incident light which aggravates the current mismatch between sub-cells, thereby limiting the short-circuit current density of the tandem. Here, an integrated all-perovskite tandem solar cell is presented that uses surface passivation strategies to reduce non-radiative recombination at the perovskite-fullerene interfaces, yielding a high open-circuit voltage. By using optically benign transparent electrode and charge-transport layers, absorption in the narrow-bandgap sub-cell is improved, leading to an improvement in current-matching between sub-cells. Collectively, these strategies allow the development of a monolithic tandem solar cell exhibiting a power-conversion efficiency of over 23%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Datta
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Junke Wang
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Dong Zhang
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- TNO, Partner in Solliance, High Tech Campus 21, Eindhoven, 5656 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Valerio Zardetto
- TNO, Partner in Solliance, High Tech Campus 21, Eindhoven, 5656 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn H M Remmerswaal
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Christ H L Weijtens
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M Wienk
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - René A J Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Partner in Solliance, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, Eindhoven, 5612 AJ, The Netherlands
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12
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Abstract
Photoinduced halide segregation in mixed halide perovskites is an intriguing phenomenon and simultaneously a stability issue. In-depth probing this effect and unveiling the underpinning mechanisms are of great interest and significance. This article reviews the progress in visualized investigation of halide segregation, especially light-induced, by means of spatially-resolved imaging techniques. Furthermore, the current understanding of photoinduced phase separation based on several possible mechanisms is summarized and discussed. Finally, the remained open questions and future outlook in this field are outlined.
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