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Rørbech Ambjørner H, Bjørnlund AS, Bonczyk TG, Dollekamp E, Kaas LM, Colding-Fagerholt S, Mølhave KS, Damsgaard CD, Helveg S, Vesborg PCK. Thermal dynamics of few-layer-graphene seals. Nanoscale 2023; 15:16896-16903. [PMID: 37850513 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03459c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Being of atomic thickness, graphene is the thinnest imaginable membrane. While graphene's basal plane is highly impermeable at the molecular level, the impermeability is, in practice, compromised by leakage pathways located at the graphene-substrate interface. Here, we provide a kinetic analysis of such interface-mediated leakage by probing gas trapped in graphene-sealed SiO2 cavities versus time and temperature using electron energy loss spectroscopy. The results show that gas leakage exhibits an Arrhenius-type temperature dependency with apparent activation energies between 0.2 and 0.7 eV. Surprisingly, the interface leak rate can be improved by several orders of magnitude by thermal processing, which alters the kinetic parameters of the temperature dependency. The present study thus provides fundamental insight into the leakage mechanism while simultaneously demonstrating thermal processing as a generic approach for tightening graphene-based-seals with applications within chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hjalte Rørbech Ambjørner
- Center for Visualizing Catalytic Processes (VISION), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Anton Simon Bjørnlund
- Center for Visualizing Catalytic Processes (VISION), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Tobias Georg Bonczyk
- Surface Physics and Catalysis (SURFCAT), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Edwin Dollekamp
- Surface Physics and Catalysis (SURFCAT), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lau Morten Kaas
- Center for Visualizing Catalytic Processes (VISION), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Sofie Colding-Fagerholt
- Center for Visualizing Catalytic Processes (VISION), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Kristian Speranza Mølhave
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization (Nanolab), Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Danvad Damsgaard
- Center for Visualizing Catalytic Processes (VISION), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
- Surface Physics and Catalysis (SURFCAT), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization (Nanolab), Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stig Helveg
- Center for Visualizing Catalytic Processes (VISION), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Peter Christian Kjærgaard Vesborg
- Center for Visualizing Catalytic Processes (VISION), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
- Surface Physics and Catalysis (SURFCAT), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang E, Wang B, Zhao H, Zeng Y, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Gu L, Li X, Liu K. Determining the interlayer shearing in twisted bilayer MoS 2 by nanoindentation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3898. [PMID: 35794157 PMCID: PMC9259563 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of twistronics has increased the attention of the community to the twist-angle-dependent properties of two-dimensional van der Waals integrated architectures. Clarification of the relationship between twist angles and interlayer mechanical interactions is important in benefiting the design of two-dimensional twisted structures. However, current mechanical methods have critical limitations in quantitatively probing the twist-angle dependence of two-dimensional interlayer interactions in monolayer limits. Here we report a nanoindentation-based technique and a shearing-boundary model to determine the interlayer mechanical interactions of twisted bilayer MoS2. Both in-plane elastic moduli and interlayer shear stress are found to be independent of the twist angle, which is attributed to the long-range interaction of intermolecular van der Waals forces that homogenously spread over the interfaces of MoS2. Our work provides a universal approach to determining the interlayer shear stress and deepens the understanding of twist-angle-dependent behaviours of two-dimensional layered materials. The study of the mechanical properties of twisted van der Waals structures can provide important information about their interlayer coupling and electronic behaviour. Here, the authors report a nanoindentation-based technique to determine the interlayer shear stress in bilayer MoS2, showing its independence as a function of the twist angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Enze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bolun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hengyi Zhao
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongpan Zeng
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yonghuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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3
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Lee M, Robin MP, Guis RH, Filippozzi U, Shin DH, van Thiel TC, Paardekooper SP, Renshof JR, van der Zant HSJ, Caviglia AD, Verbiest GJ, Steeneken PG. Self-Sealing Complex Oxide Resonators. Nano Lett 2022; 22:1475-1482. [PMID: 35119289 PMCID: PMC8880390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although 2D materials hold great potential for next-generation pressure sensors, recent studies revealed that gases permeate along the membrane-surface interface, necessitating additional sealing procedures. In this work, we demonstrate the use of free-standing complex oxides as self-sealing membranes that allow the reference cavity beneath to be sealed by a simple anneal. To test the hermeticity, we study the gas permeation time constants in nanomechanical resonators made from SrRuO3 and SrTiO3 membranes suspended over SiO2/Si cavities which show an improvement up to 4 orders of magnitude in the permeation time constant after annealing the devices. Similar devices fabricated on Si3N4/Si do not show such improvements, suggesting that the adhesion increase over SiO2 is mediated by oxygen bonds that are formed at the SiO2/complex oxide interface during the self-sealing anneal. Picosecond ultrasonics measurements confirm the improvement in the adhesion by 70% after annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lee
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Martin P. Robin
- Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben H. Guis
- Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ulderico Filippozzi
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry C. van Thiel
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn P. Paardekooper
- Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes R. Renshof
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Herre S. J. van der Zant
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea D. Caviglia
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J. Verbiest
- Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G. Steeneken
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
- Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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Lopez-polin G, Gomez-navarro C, Gomez-herrero J. The effect of rippling on the mechanical properties of graphene. Nano Materials Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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