1
|
Wang K, Wang Y, Pera-Titus M. Liquid-liquid and gas-liquid dispersions in electrochemistry: concepts, applications and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:11701-11724. [PMID: 39495483 PMCID: PMC11562458 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00535f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemistry plays a pivotal role in a vast number of domains spanning from sensing and manufacturing to energy storage, environmental conservation, and healthcare. Electrochemical applications encompassing gaseous or organic substrates encounter shortcomings ascribed to high mass transfer/internal resistances and low solubility in aqueous electrolytes, resulting in high overpotentials. In practice, strong acids and expensive organic electrolytes are required to promote charge transfer in electrochemical cells, resulting in a high carbon footprint. Liquid-liquid (L-L) and gas-liquid (G-L) dispersions involve the dispersion of a nano/micro gas or liquid into a continuous liquid phase such as micelles, (macro)emulsions, microemulsions, and microfoams stabilised by surface-active agents such as surfactants and colloidal particles. These dispersions hold promise in addressing the drawbacks of electrochemical reactions by fostering the interfacial surface area between immiscible reagents and mass transfer of electroactive organic and gas reactants and products from/to the bulk to/from the electrode surface. This tutorial review provides a taxonomy of liquid-liquid and gas-liquid dispersions for applications in electrochemistry, with emphasis on their assets and challenges in industrially relevant reactions for fine chemistry and depollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Marc Pera-Titus
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sneha Ravi A, Dalvi S. Liquid Marbles and Drops on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Interfacial Aspects and Dynamics of Formation: A Review. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:12307-12330. [PMID: 38524492 PMCID: PMC10956110 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Liquid marbles (LMs) are droplets encapsulated with powders presenting varied roughness and wettability. These LMs have garnered a lot of attention due to their dual properties of leakage-free and quick transport on both solid and liquid surfaces. These droplets are in a Cassie-Baxter wetting state sitting on both roughness and air pockets existing between particles. They are also reminiscent of the state of a drop on a superhydrophobic (SH) surface. In this review, LMs and bare droplets on SH surfaces are comparatively investigated in terms of two aspects: interfacial and dynamical. LMs present a fascinating class of soft matter due to their superior interfacial activity and their remarkable stability. Inherently hydrophobic powders form stable LMs by simple rolling; however, particles with defined morphologies and chemistries contribute to the varied stability of LMs. The factors contributing to this interesting robustness with respect to bare droplets are then identified by tests of stability such as evaporation and compression. Next, the dynamics of the impact of a drop on a hydrophobic powder bed to form LMs is studied vis-à̀-vis that of drop impact on flat surfaces. The knowledge from drop impact phenomena on flat surfaces is used to build and complement insights to that of drop impact on powder surfaces. The maximum spread of the drop is empirically understood in terms of dimensionless numbers, and their drawbacks are highlighted. Various stages of drop impact-spreading, retraction and rebound, splashing, and final outcome-are systematically explored on both solid and hard surfaces. The implications of crater formation and energy dissipations are discussed in the case of granular beds. While the drop impact on solid surfaces is extensively reviewed, deep interpretation of the drop impact on granular surfaces needs to be improved. Additionally, the applications of each step in the sequence of drop impact phenomena on both substrates are also identified. Next, the criterion for the formation of peculiar jammed LMs was examined. Finally, the challenges and possible future perspectives are envisaged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Sneha Ravi
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382055, Gujarat, India
| | - Sameer Dalvi
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382055, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He J, Huang C, Liu C, Wu P, Jiang W. Preparation of Oriented Superhydrophobic Surface to Reduce Agglomeration in Preparing Melt Marbles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38319711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Numerous innovative granulation techniques utilizing the concept of liquid marbles have been proposed before. However, these processes frequently encounter issues such as collisions, aggregation, and fragmentation of liquid/melt marble during the granulation process. In this study, the oriented superhydrophobic surface (OSS) was successfully prepared by utilizing copper wire to solve the above problem, facilitating efficient batch production and guided transportation of uniform marbles. The parameters and mechanisms of this process were thoroughly studied. The optimized structure is that the copper wire spacing (d) and height (h) are set as 1.0 and 0.1 mm, respectively. This resulted in a surface contact angle (CA) of 156° and anisotropic sliding (ΔSA) of 16.3 ± 1.34°. Using the prepared substrate, high-quality urea products were successfully obtained through the controlled transport of urea melt marbles. The mechanism of guided and directional drag reduction, based on the solid/solid contact on the surface, is proposed. These findings in this study have significant implications for improving granulation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Chunni Huang
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wu
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tsumura Y, Fameau AL, Matsui K, Hirai T, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Photo- and Thermoresponsive Liquid Marbles Based on Fatty Acid as Phase Change Material Coated by Polypyrrole: From Design to Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:878-889. [PMID: 36602465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Responsive liquid marbles (LMs), which can change their shape, stability, and motion by the application of stimuli, attract a growing interest due to their wide range of applications. Our approach to design photo- and thermoresponsive LMs is based on the use of micrometer-sized fatty acid (FA) particles as phase change material covered with polypyrrole (PPy) overlayers with photothermal property. The core-shell particles were synthesized by aqueous chemical oxidative seeded dispersion polymerization. First, we investigated the effect of the alkyl chain length of FA on the resulting FA/PPy core-shell particles by characterizing their size and its distribution, shape, morphology, chemical composition, and photothermal behavior. Then LMs were fabricated by rolling water droplets on the dried FA/PPy particle powder bed and their light and temperature dual stimuli-responsive nature was studied as a function of the FA alkyl chain length. For all FAs studied, LMs disrupted in a domino manner by light irradiation as the first trigger: the temperature of the FA/PPy particles on the LM surface increased by light irradiation, followed by phase change of FA core of the particles from solid to liquid, resulting in disruption of the LM and release of the encapsulated water. The disruption time was closely correlated to the melting point of FA linked to the alkyl chain length and light irradiation power, and it could be controlled and tuned easily between quasi instantaneous and approximately 10 s. Finally, we showed potential applications of the LMs as a carrier for controlled delivery and release of substances and a sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tsumura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Anne-Laure Fameau
- Université Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Kanade Matsui
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He J, Liu S, Zhao Y, Wu P, Liu C, Jiang W. Preparation of Phase Change Melt Marbles with High Thermal Stability by Spontaneous Shrinkage and Encapsulation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12644-12656. [PMID: 36194874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Liquid marbles (LMs) are widely used in the fields of microfluids, gas sensitivity equipment, and microreactors. However, the thermal stability of the encapsulated liquid poses difficulty to the high-temperature stability of LMs. In this study, polar phase-change materials (PCMs) with high melting points were used as the encapsulated liquid of LMs. According to the required temperature, suitable PCMs were selected as the core and encapsulated by hydrophobic SiO2 particles to form melt marbles (MMs). The types of PCMs used to prepare the MMs include erythritol, elemental sulfur, urea, and molten salts. Based on the premixed melting method, a series of MMs with high melting points and thermal stability were successfully developed. The highest acceptable temperature of the MMs exceeded 323 °C, and the evaporation rate of erythritol MMs was less than 1% at 140 °C in 8 h. Thus, the MMs maintained their excellent stability through multiple phase transitions. In the molten state, the MMs exhibited the properties of bounce ability, cuttability, and deformation resistance. The performance of the PCMs in energy storage and release during phase transition demonstrates their potential applications in the field of heat storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunqing Zhao
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Wu
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsumura Y, Oyama K, Fameau AL, Seike M, Ohtaka A, Hirai T, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Photo/Thermo Dual Stimulus-Responsive Liquid Marbles Stabilized with Polypyrrole-Coated Stearic Acid Particles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41618-41628. [PMID: 36043393 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the fabrication of photo/thermo dual stimulus-responsive liquid marbles (LMs) that can be disrupted by light irradiation and/or heating. To stabilize the LMs, we synthesized micrometer-sized stearic acid (SA) particles coated with overlayers of polypyrrole (PPy) by aqueous chemical oxidative seeded dispersion polymerization. The SA/PPy core-shell particles could adsorb at the air-water interface to stabilize LMs by rolling water droplets on the particle powder bed. The presence of SA, known as a phase-change material, which undergoes a transition from solid to liquid by heating, and PPy, which can transduce light to heat, gives rise to the photo and thermo dual stimulus-responsive characters of the LMs. The disruption of the LMs could be induced in a cascade manner: light irradiation on the LM induced a temperature increase, followed by melting of the SA component on the LM surface, leading to its disruption and release of the inner water. The disruption time is linked to the PPy loading and light irradiation power, and it can be tuned from quasi-instantaneous to a few tens of seconds. The melting of SA due to a light-induced phase change from the solid to liquid state is a new mechanism to trigger the disruption of LMs. We finally demonstrated two applications of the LMs as a light-responsive microreactor and a sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tsumura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Keigo Oyama
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Anne-Laure Fameau
- Université Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207─UMET─Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Musashi Seike
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohtaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Upton RL, Dop RA, Sadler E, Lunt AM, Neill DR, Hasell T, Crick CR. Investigating the viability of sulfur polymers for the fabrication of photoactive, antimicrobial, water repellent coatings. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4153-4162. [PMID: 35438120 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Elemental sulfur (S8), a by-product of the petroleum refining industries, possesses many favourable properties including photocatalytic activity and antibacterial activity, in addition to being intrinsically hydrophobic. Despite this, there is a relative lack of research employing elemental sulfur and/or sulfur copolymers within superhydrophobic materials design. In this work, we present the use of sulfur copolymers to produce superhydrophobic materials with advanced functionalities. Using inverse vulcanization and the use of a natural organic crosslinker, perillyl alcohol (PER), stable S8-PER copolymers were synthesised and later combined with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles, to achieve highly water repellent composites that displayed both antimicrobial and photocatalytic properties, in the absence of carcinogenic and/or expensive materials. Here, we investigated the antibacterial performance of coatings against the Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strain, where coatings displayed great promise for use in antifouling applications, as they were found to limit surface adhesion by more than 99%, when compared to uncoated glass samples. Furthermore, UV dye degradation tests were performed, utilizing the commercially available dye resazurin, and it was shown that coatings had the potential to simultaneously exhibit surface hydrophobicity and photoactivity, demonstrating a great advancement in the field of superhydrophobic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L Upton
- University of Liverpool, Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK.,Queen Mary University of London, School of Engineering and Materials Science, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Romy A Dop
- University of Liverpool, Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Emma Sadler
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Engineering and Materials Science, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Amy M Lunt
- University of Liverpool, Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Daniel R Neill
- University of Liverpool, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Tom Hasell
- University of Liverpool, Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Colin R Crick
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Engineering and Materials Science, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun Y, Zheng Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wen S, Song L, Zhao M. Liquid marbles, floating droplets: preparations, properties, operations and applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:15296-15315. [PMID: 35693225 PMCID: PMC9118372 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00735e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid marbles (LMs) are non-wettable droplets formed with a coating of hydrophobic particles. They can move easily across either solid or liquid surfaces since the hydrophobic particles protect the internal liquid from contacting the substrate. In recent years, mainly due to their simple preparation, abundant materials, non-wetting/non-adhesive properties, elasticities and stabilities, LMs have been applied in many fields such as microfluidics, sensors and biological incubators. In this review, the recent advances in the preparation, physical properties and applications of liquid marbles, especially operations and floating abilities, are summarized. Moreover, the challenges to achieve uniformity, slow volatilization and stronger stability are pointed out. Various applications generated by LMs' structural characteristics are also expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Yelong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Chuntian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Shiying Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Le Song
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The surface property of PTFE and PVDF liquid marbles. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
10
|
Uda M, Fujiwara J, Seike M, Segami S, Higashimoto S, Hirai T, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Controllable Positive/Negative Phototaxis of Millimeter-Sized Objects with Sensing Function. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11093-11101. [PMID: 34473503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phototaxis, which is the directional motion toward or away from light, is common in nature and inspires development of artificial light-steered active objects. Most of the light-steered objects developed so far exhibit either positive or negative phototaxis, and there are few examples of research on objects that exhibit both positive and negative phototaxis. Herein, small objects showing both positive and negative phototaxis on the water surface upon near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, with the direction controlled by the position of light irradiation, are reported. The millimeter-sized tetrahedral liquid marble containing gelled water coated by one polymer plate with light-to-heat photothermal characteristic, which adsorbs onto the bottom of the liquid marble, and three polymer plates with highly transparent characteristic, which adsorb onto the upper part of the liquid marble, is utilized as a model small object. Light irradiation on the front side of the object induces negative phototaxis and that on the other side induces positive phototaxis, and the motion can be controlled to 360° arbitrary direction by precise control of the light irradiation position. Thermographic studies confirm that the motions are realized through Marangoni flow generated around the liquid marble, which is induced by position-selective NIR light irradiation. The object can move centimeter distances, and numerical analysis indicates that average velocity and acceleration are approximately 12 mm/s and 71 mm/s2, respectively, which are independent of the direction of motions. The generated force is estimated to be approximately 0.4 μN based on Newton's equation. Furthermore, functional cargo can be loaded into the inner phase of the small objects, which can be delivered and released on demand and endows them with environmental sensing ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Uda
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Junya Fujiwara
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Musashi Seike
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Shinji Segami
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Shinya Higashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sulfur liquid marbles submerged in biphasic systems as microreactors for interfacial synthesis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|