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Li X, Liu X, Feng J, He R, Liu H, Hu X, Liu X. A research on benzoxazine/cyanate ester/epoxy POSS nanocomposite with low dielectric constant and improved toughness. Polym Bull (Berl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-023-04694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Poliakova DI, Morozov OS, Nechausov SS, Afanaseva EA, Bulgakov BA, Babkin AV, Kepman AV, Avdeev VV. Fast curing phthalonitrile modified novolac resin: Synthesis, curing study and preparation of carbon and glass fibric composites. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sun Z, Wong R, Liu Y, Yu M, Li J, Spence D, Zhang M, Kathaperumal M, Wong CP. Melamine-graphene epoxy nanocomposite based die attach films for advanced 3D semiconductor packaging applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15193-15202. [PMID: 36214327 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04557e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the ultra-fast development of personal portable electronic devices, it is important to explore new die attach film (DAF) materials in the limited mounting area and height in order to meet the requirements of a high packaging density and a high operating speed. Graphene-based epoxy nanocomposites are becoming one of the most promising candidates for the next generation of DAFs combining the ultra-high thermal conductivity of graphene, and ultra-strong adhesion of epoxy polymers. However, poor dispersion and weak interfacial connections, due to the overly smooth surface of graphene nanosheets, are still pressing issues that limit their industrial applications. Additionally, pristine graphene nanosheets have only a small effect on improving the glass transition temperature (Tg) of epoxy composites to meet the requirements of DAFs. In this work, melamine-functionalized graphene is synthesized by using a nondestructive ball milling process, which results in greater dispersion and enhancement of the interfacial connections between graphene and epoxy resins demonstrated by both experimental and simulation results. In particular, the aromatic triazine rings of melamine increase Tg in the cured resin, thus improving the thermal stability of DAFs. The melamine-graphene (M-G) epoxy nanocomposites synthesized have a high Tg of 172 °C and an out-of-plane thermal conductivity of 1.08 W m-1 K-1 at 10 wt% loading. This is 6.4 multiples higher than that of neat epoxy. Moreover, M-G epoxy nanocomposites exhibit superb thermal stability, an effective low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), low moisture adsorption, and a useful high electrical resistivity. In the DAF performance test, involving experimentation and modeling, the samples present a better cooling capability and heat dissipation. This supports the idea that our findings have potential to be applied in the next generation of DAFs for high-power and high-density 3D packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Ryan Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Yifan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Michael Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Jiaxiong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Daron Spence
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Mohanalingam Kathaperumal
- School of Electrical and Computing Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Ching-Ping Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
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Kao YC, Chen WC, EL-Mahdy AFM, Hsu MY, Lin CH, Kuo SW. High Thermal Resistance of Epoxy/Cyanate Ester Hybrids Incorporating an Inorganic Double-Decker-Shaped Polyhedral Silsesquioxane Nanomaterial. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185938. [PMID: 36144673 PMCID: PMC9502839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we prepared a difunctionalized cyanate ester double-decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ-OCN) cage with a char yield and thermal decomposition temperature (Td) which were both much higher than those of a typical bisphenol A dicyanate ester (BADCy, without the DDSQ cage) after thermal polymerization. Here, the inorganic DDSQ nanomaterial improved the thermal behavior through a nano-reinforcement effect. Blending the inorganic DDSQ-OCN cage into the epoxy resin improved its thermal and mechanical stabilities after the ring-opening polymerization of the epoxy units during thermal polymerization. The enhancement in the physical properties arose from the copolymerization of the epoxy and OCN units to form the organic/inorganic covalently bonded network structure, as well as the hydrogen bonding of the OH groups of the epoxy with the SiOSi moieties of the DDSQ units. For example, the epoxy/DDSQ-OCN = 1/1 hybrid, prepared without Cu(II)-acac as a catalyst, exhibited a glass transition temperature, thermal decomposition temperature (Td), and char yield (166 °C, 427 °C, and 51.0 wt%, respectively) that were significantly higher than those obtained when applying typical organic curing agents in the epoxy resin. The addition of Cu(II)-acac into the epoxy/BADCy and epoxy/DDSQ-OCN hybrids decreased the thermal stability (as characterized by the values of Td and the char yields) because the crosslinking density and post-hardening also decreased during thermal polymerization; nevertheless, it accelerated the thermal polymerization to a lower curing peak temperature, which is potentially useful for real applications as epoxy molding compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Chin Kao
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed F. M. EL-Mahdy
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Yu Hsu
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lin
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Wang C, Feng Y, Zhang C, Zhang T, Chi Q, Chen Q, Lei Q. High heat‐resistant (250°C) epoxy resin composites with excellent dielectric properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunbiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin People's Republic of China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin People's Republic of China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Changhai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin People's Republic of China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Tiandong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin People's Republic of China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Qingguo Chi
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin People's Republic of China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Qingguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin People's Republic of China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Qingquan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin People's Republic of China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin People's Republic of China
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Reaction-Induced Phase Separation and Morphology Evolution of Benzoxazine/Epoxy/Imidazole Ternary Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172945. [PMID: 34502984 PMCID: PMC8433963 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducing multiphase structures into benzoxazine (BOZ)/epoxy resins (ER) blends via reaction-induced phase separation has proved to be promising strategy for improving their toughness. However, due to the limited contrast between two phases, little information is known about the phase morphological evolutions, a fundamental but vital issue to rational design and preparation of blends with different phase morphologies in a controllable manner. Here we addressed this problem by amplifying the difference of polymerization activity (PA) between BOZ and ER by synthesizing a low reactive phenol-3,3-diethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane based benzoxazine (MOEA-BOZ) monomer. Results indicated that the PA of ER was higher than that of BOZ. The use of less reactive MOEA-BOZs significantly enlarged their PA difference with ER, and thus increased the extent of phase separation and improved the phase contrast. Phase morphologies varied with the content of ER. As for the phase morphological evolution, a rapid phase separation could occur in the initial homogeneous blends with the polymerization of ER, and the phase morphology gradually evolved with the increase in ER conversion until the ER was used up. The polymerization of ER is not only the driving-force for the phase separation, but also the main factor influencing the phase morphologies.
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