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Seddiki I, N’Diaye BI, Skene WG. Survey of Recent Advances in Molecular Fluorophores, Unconjugated Polymers, and Emerging Functional Materials Designed for Electrofluorochromic Use. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073225. [PMID: 37049988 PMCID: PMC10096808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, recent advances that exploit the intrinsic emission of organic materials for reversibly modulating their intensity with applied potential are surveyed. Key design strategies that have been adopted during the past five years for developing such electrofluorochromic materials are presented, focusing on molecular fluorophores that are coupled with redox-active moieties, intrinsically electroactive molecular fluorophores, and unconjugated emissive organic polymers. The structural effects, main challenges, and strides toward addressing the limitations of emerging fluorescent materials that are electrochemically responsive are surveyed, along with how these can be adapted for their use in electrofluorochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilies Seddiki
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Brelotte Idriss N’Diaye
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - W. G. Skene
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Tadesse MG, Lübben JF. Recent Progress in Self-Healable Hydrogel-Based Electroluminescent Devices: A Comprehensive Review. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030250. [PMID: 36975699 PMCID: PMC10048157 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible electronics have gained significant research attention in recent years due to their potential applications as smart and functional materials. Typically, electroluminescence devices produced by hydrogel-based materials are among the most notable flexible electronics. With their excellent flexibility and their remarkable electrical, adaptable mechanical and self-healing properties, functional hydrogels offer a wealth of insights and opportunities for the fabrication of electroluminescent devices that can be easily integrated into wearable electronics for various applications. Various strategies have been developed and adapted to obtain functional hydrogels, and at the same time, high-performance electroluminescent devices have been fabricated based on these functional hydrogels. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various functional hydrogels that have been used for the development of electroluminescent devices. It also highlights some challenges and future research prospects for hydrogel-based electroluminescent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melkie Getnet Tadesse
- Sustainable Engineering (STE), Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, 72458 Albstadt, Germany
- Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar 1037, Ethiopia
| | - Jörn Felix Lübben
- Sustainable Engineering (STE), Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, 72458 Albstadt, Germany
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Valiev RR, Merzlikin BS, Nasibullin RT, Kurtzevitch A, Cherepanov VN, Ramazanov RR, Sundholm D, Kurtén T. Internal conversion rate constant calculations considering Duschinsky, anharmonic and Herzberg-Teller effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6406-6415. [PMID: 36779672 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05275j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for calculating rate constants for internal conversion (kIC) that simultaneously accounts for Duschinsky, anharmonic and Herzberg-Teller effects has been developed and implemented. This method has been applied to robust planar molecules like tetraoxa[8]circulene (4B), free-base porphyrin (H2P) and pyrometene (PM567) with small Duschinsky rotation (i.e. with almost identical normal coordinates in the ground and excited states) and to poly[n]fluorenes (P[n]F) (n = 2-14) with a substantial Duschinsky rotation. The obtained results show that the Duschinsky effect is large in the harmonic approximation, whereas it is in general much smaller in the anharmonic approximation. The Duschinsky effect is found to be large for high frequency vibrational modes with energies of ∼3300 cm-1 such as the X-H (X = C, N and O) stretching modes that mix in the S1 → S0 electronic transition. However, even in this case, the increase in kIC due to the Duschinsky effect does not exceed one order of magnitude. The calculations show that anharmonic contributions to kIC are larger than Herzberg-Teller contributions which in turn are larger than contributions from the Duschinsky effect ANH > HT > Du. We also show that an approximation, where only X-H bonds are considered in the kIC calculation, is accurate even for P[n]F (n = 2-14).
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Valiev
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. .,Kazan Federal University, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.,Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - B S Merzlikin
- Laboratory of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, TUSUR, Lenin ave. 40, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - R T Nasibullin
- Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - A Kurtzevitch
- Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - V N Cherepanov
- Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - R R Ramazanov
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - D Sundholm
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - T Kurtén
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Gu S, Ma J, Kang L, Wei H, Jiang L, Wang L. Effect of heat treatment on the performance of
3D
printed thermoplastic polyurethane flexible substrates. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Gu
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Luhan Kang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Hongtao Wei
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Lixia Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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Lin Y, Chen X, Lu Q, Wang J, Ding C, Liu F, Kong D, Yuan W, Su W, Cui Z. Thermally Laminated Lighting Textile for Wearable Displays with High Durability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5931-5941. [PMID: 36688806 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Textile-based light-emitting devices are attracting more and more attention because of their potential applications in smart clothing, human-computer interfaces, safety warnings, entertainment fashion, etc. However, simple and efficient manufacturing of luminescent devices on fabrics even clothing with excellent stretchability and washability remains challenging. Here, a solvent-free thermal lamination process combined with laser engraving has been proposed to fabricate electroluminescent (EL) devices on textiles. All the preprepared components, such as the bottom electrode, the EL layer, and the top transparent electrode, were thermally laminated on the surface of textiles employing thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as the binding matrix. The stretchability, luminance, and interface adhesion of the EL devices were systematically studied, showing excellent mechanical durability at high temperature, in humid environments, withstanding repeated machine washing, and resistant to various forms of physical damage. As a demonstration of potential application, textile-based EL devices were fabricated, which could display colored and pixelated patterns as well as dynamic images. The thermal lamination technology developed in this work can potentially enable people to DIY (do it yourself) fabricate light-emitting devices on clothing using daily tools, which could facilitate the widespread use of textile-based wearable displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lin
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolian Chen
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianying Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Ding
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxing Liu
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Desheng Kong
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Su
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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Cho S, Chang T, Yu T, Lee CH. Smart Electronic Textiles for Wearable Sensing and Display. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040222. [PMID: 35448282 PMCID: PMC9029731 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing demand of using everyday clothing in wearable sensing and display has synergistically advanced the field of electronic textiles, or e-textiles. A variety of types of e-textiles have been formed into stretchy fabrics in a manner that can maintain their intrinsic properties of stretchability, breathability, and wearability to fit comfortably across different sizes and shapes of the human body. These unique features have been leveraged to ensure accuracy in capturing physical, chemical, and electrophysiological signals from the skin under ambulatory conditions, while also displaying the sensing data or other immediate information in daily life. Here, we review the emerging trends and recent advances in e-textiles in wearable sensing and display, with a focus on their materials, constructions, and implementations. We also describe perspectives on the remaining challenges of e-textiles to guide future research directions toward wider adoption in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungse Cho
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Taehoo Chang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Tianhao Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence:
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Hole Injection Role of p-Type Conjugated Polymer Nanolayers in Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Devices. ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics10182283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the hole injection role of p-type conjugated polymer layer in phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanolayers (thickness = ~1 nm thick), which were subjected to thermal annealing at 140 °C by varying annealing time, were inserted between indium tin oxide (ITO) anodes and hole transport layers (N,N′-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)-benzidine, NPB). The 1 nm-thick P3HT layers showed very weak absorption in the visible light range of 500~650 nm. The device results disclosed that the presence of P3HT layers were just able to improve the charge injection of OLEDs leading to an enhanced luminance irrespective of thermal annealing condition. The highest luminance and efficiency were achieved for the OLEDs with the P3HT layers annealed at 140 °C for 10 min. Further annealing for 30 min resulted in turn-down of device performances. The emission color was almost unchanged by the presence of P3HT layers even though the color coordinates were marginally fluctuated according to the annealing time. The present result delivers the possibility to use p-type conjugated polymers (i.e., P3HT) as a hole injection layer in OLEDs.
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