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Serrano-Bayona R, Chu C, Liu P, Roberts WL. Flame Synthesis of Carbon and Metal-Oxide Nanoparticles: Flame Types, Effects of Combustion Parameters on Properties and Measurement Methods. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16031192. [PMID: 36770199 PMCID: PMC9920670 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon and metal-oxide nanoparticles (NP) are currently synthesized worldwide for various applications in the solar-energy, optical, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries, among many others. Gas phase methods comprise flame synthesis and flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), which provide high efficiency, low cost, and the possibility of large-scale applications. The variation of combustion operation parameters exerts significant effects on the properties of the NPs. An analysis of the latest research results relevant to NP flame synthesis can provide new insight into the optimization of these methods and the development of these techniques for a large scale. This review offers insight into the current status of flame synthesis for carbon and metal-oxide NPs-specifically containing analysis and comparison of the most common carbon and metal-oxide NP production techniques. The burner configurations used at the laboratory scale and large scale are also discussed, followed by the assessment of the influence of combustion parameters on the properties of NPs. Finally, the features of the measurement techniques applied for determining NP properties were described.
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Wu Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Ma H, Jin X, Yang G, Shi Y, Shao Z, Li S. Rapid Gas-Phase Synthesis of the Perovskite-Type BaCe 0.7Zr 0.1Y 0.1Yb 0.1O 3-δ Proton-Conducting Nanocrystalline Electrolyte for Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47568-47577. [PMID: 36228663 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite-type proton-conducting materials, such as BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ (BCZYYb), are very attractive for the next-generation equipment of electrochemical energy conversion and storage owing to their excellent conductivity in the intermediate-temperature range (300-750 °C), as well as good thermo-chemical stability, coking resistance, and sulfur tolerance. However, the lack of a reliable and cost-effective synthesis method for such multi-component co-doping oxides limits their large-scale application. In this study, for the first time, we successfully synthesize BCZYYb electrolyte nanopowders by using a rapid, scalable flame-based gas-phase synthesis method with two different barium precursors Ba(NO3)2 and Ba(CH3COO)2, named as BCZYYb (N) and BCZYYb (CA). The as-synthesized nanoparticles exhibit good crystallinity of the pure orthorhombic perovskite BCZYYb phase. BCZYYb (CA) shows more uniform doping with the element ratio of 1:0.74:0.12:0.08:0.1, which is very close to the theoretical value. The shrinkage and surface SEM (scanning electron microscope) results indicate that the flame-made powders have superior sinterability compared to the sol-gel-made powders because of the smaller primary particle size (∼20 nm). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests show that BCZYYb (CA) sintered at 1450 °C has the highest protonic conductivity of 1.31 × 10-2 S cm-1 in wet H2 when operating at 600 °C and still maintains a high-level conductivity of 1.19 × 10-2 S cm-1 even when the sintering temperature is reduced to 1350 °C, which is mainly attributed to uniform doping and good sinterability. The activation energy for the conductivity of BCZYYb (CA) is also significantly lower than that of conventional electrolytes, which suggests much better conductivity in the intermediate (∼600 °C) and even lower operating temperature. The excellent conductivity performance combined with the high-throughput production capability makes the swirling spray flame a promising synthesis method for promoting the BCZYYb electrolytes from lab to industrial-scale solid oxide fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zuoqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haorui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-Phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yixiang Shi
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zongping Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shuiqing Li
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Yuan X, Meng L, Zheng C, Zhao H. Deep Insight into the Mechanism of Catalytic Combustion of CO and CH 4 over SrTi 1-xB xO 3 (B = Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Cu) Perovskite via Flame Spray Pyrolysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:52571-52587. [PMID: 34705414 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perovskites have been recognized as affordable substitutes for noble-metal catalysts for their tunable catalytic activity and thermal stability. Nevertheless, the highly demanding synthesis procedure still hinders the application of perovskites in catalytic combustion. In this work, a series of nanostructured SiTiO3 perovskites with B-site partial substitution by Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Cu are synthesized via flame spray pyrolysis in one step. The comprehensive characterizations on textural properties of nanostructured perovskites reveal that the flame-made perovskite nanoparticles all exhibit high crystal purity and large specific surface area (∼40 m2/g). Furthermore, the highest catalytic activity is achieved by SrTi0.5Co0.5O3 due to the formation of favorable oxygen vacancies, outstanding reducibility, and oxygen desorption capability. Additionally, the presence of 10 vol % water vapor during long-term testing indicates remarkable durability and water resistance. Finally, the CO oxidation and CH4 dehydrogenation on SrTiO3 incorporating Co atoms are more thermodynamically and kinetically favorable than those on other doped surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lingquan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chaohe Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Yuan X, Meng L, Xu Z, Zheng C, Zhao H. CuO Quantum Dots Supported by SrTiO 3 Perovskite Using the Flame Spray Pyrolysis Method: Enhanced Activity and Excellent Thermal Resistance for Catalytic Combustion of CO and CH 4. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14080-14086. [PMID: 34623148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a non-noble-metal catalyst, CuO has great potential in the catalytic combustion of CO and CH4. In this work, the influence of loading active copper components onto perovskites and essential operating parameters in flame aerosol synthesis has been experimentally and theoretically investigated to optimize the catalytic efficiency for the complete oxidation of lean CO and CH4. Herein, the CuO-SrTiO3 nanocatalysts are one-step-synthesized by flame spray pyrolysis with varied copper loadings and precursor feeding rates. The sample under the precursor flow rate of 3 mL/min and the CuO loading of 15 mol % demonstrates optimal catalytic performance. It is primarily attributed to the excellent low-temperature reducibility and improved activity of copper species originated by CuO quantum dots and metal-support interaction. Besides, SrTiO3 perovskite as a support can effectively inhibit the sintering of CuO quantum dots at high temperatures, which is responsible for the excellent sintering and water deactivation resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lingquan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zuwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chaohe Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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