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Qin Y, Xu J, Liang Z, Teng H, Zhan D, Xu H. Raman Spectroscopy of Fullerenes: From C 60 to Functionalized Derivatives. Molecules 2025; 30:738. [PMID: 39942840 PMCID: PMC11820995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30030738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2025] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Fullerenes, a unique allotrope of carbon, have captured significant attention in multiple scientific fields. As a non-destructive characterization technique, Raman spectroscopy has proven indispensable for investigating fullerenes and their derivatives, offering detailed insights into their vibrational properties. This review discusses the broad utility of Raman spectroscopy in revealing the structural and physicochemical characteristics of fullerenes-from the iconic C60 molecule to an array of its derivatives-highlighting its capacity to detect functionalization-induced changes in molecular structure and electronic properties, while also assessing environmental influences such as solvent effects and temperature variations. Particular emphasis is placed on advanced Raman-based techniques, including enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), for the characterization of fullerenes and their derivatives. These cutting-edge methods offer high sensitivity and ultra-high spatial resolution, greatly expanding the scope of fullerene research and delivering deeper insights into their structural and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (Y.Q.); (Z.L.); (H.T.); (D.Z.); (H.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jilian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (Y.Q.); (Z.L.); (H.T.); (D.Z.); (H.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhewen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (Y.Q.); (Z.L.); (H.T.); (D.Z.); (H.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haijun Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (Y.Q.); (Z.L.); (H.T.); (D.Z.); (H.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Da Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (Y.Q.); (Z.L.); (H.T.); (D.Z.); (H.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (Y.Q.); (Z.L.); (H.T.); (D.Z.); (H.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Homma K, Kaneko S, Tsukagoshi K, Nishino T. Intermolecular and Electrode-Molecule Bonding in a Single Dimer Junction of Naphthalenethiol as Revealed by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Combined with Transport Measurements. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37437895 PMCID: PMC10375526 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport through noncovalent interaction is of fundamental and practical importance in nanomaterials and nanodevices. Recent single-molecule studies employing single-molecule junctions have revealed unique electron transport properties through noncovalent interactions, especially those through a π-π interaction. However, the relationship between the junction structure and electron transport remains elusive due to the insufficient knowledge of geometric structures. In this article, we employ surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) synchronized with current-voltage (I-V) measurements to characterize the junction structure, together with the transport properties, of a single dimer and monomer junction of naphthalenethiol, the former of which was formed by the intermolecular π-π interaction. The correlation analysis of the vibrational energy and electrical conductance enables identifying the intermolecular and molecule-electrode interactions in these molecular junctions and, consequently, addressing the transport properties exclusively associated with the π-π interaction. In addition, the analysis achieved discrimination of the interaction between the NT molecule and the Au electrode of the junction, i.e., Au-π interactions through-π coupling and though-space coupling. The power density spectra support the noncovalent character at the interfaces in the molecular junctions. These results demonstrate that the simultaneous SERS and I-V technique provides a unique means for the structural and electrical investigation of noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Homma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsukagoshi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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Conductance Modulation in an α-Terthiophene Molecular Junction Characterized by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2023-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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