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Liu Z, Zhang X, Liu Z, Jiang Y, Wu D, Huang Y, Hu Z. Rescuing zinc anode-electrolyte interface: mechanisms, theoretical simulations and in situ characterizations. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7010-7033. [PMID: 38756795 PMCID: PMC11095385 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00711e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The research interest in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) has been surging due to the advantages of safety, abundance, and high electrochemical performance. However, some technique issues, such as dendrites, hydrogen evolution reaction, and corrosion, severely prohibit the development of AZIBs in practical utilizations. The underlying mechanisms regarding electrochemical performance deterioration and structure degradation are too complex to understand, especially when it comes to zinc metal anode-electrolyte interface. Recently, theoretical simulations and in situ characterizations have played a crucial role in AZIBs and are exploited to guide the research on electrolyte engineering and solid electrolyte interphase. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the current state of the fundamental mechanisms involved in the zinc plating/stripping process and underscore the importance of theoretical simulations and in situ characterizations in mechanism research. Finally, we summarize the challenges and opportunities for AZIBs in practical applications, especially as a stationary energy storage and conversion device in a smart grid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Yue Jiang
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Advanced Materials Thrust Nansha Guangzhou 511400 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Dianlun Wu
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Advanced Materials Thrust Nansha Guangzhou 511400 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Yang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P. R. China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Advanced Materials Thrust Nansha Guangzhou 511400 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P. R. China
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Xu S, Huang J, Wang G, Dou Y, Yuan D, Lin L, Qin K, Wu K, Liu HK, Dou SX, Wu C. Electrolyte and Additive Engineering for Zn Anode Interfacial Regulation in Aqueous Zinc Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300268. [PMID: 37317019 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous Zn-metal batteries (AZMBs) have gained great interest due to their low cost, eco-friendliness, and inherent safety, which serve as a promising complement to the existing metal-based batteries, e.g., lithium-metal batteries and sodium-metal batteries. Although the utilization of aqueous electrolytes and Zn metal anode in AZMBs ensures their improved safety over other metal batteries meanwhile guaranteeing their decent energy density at the cell level, plenty of challenges involved with metallic Zn anode still await to be addressed, including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction, and zinc corrosion and passivation. In the past years, several attempts have been adopted to address these problems, among which engineering the aqueous electrolytes and additives is regarded as a facile and promising approach. In this review, a comprehensive summary of aqueous electrolytes and electrolyte additives will be given based on the recent literature, aiming at providing a fundamental understanding of the challenges associated with the metallic Zn anode in aqueous electrolytes, meanwhile offering a guideline for the electrolytes and additives engineering strategies toward stable AZMBs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenqiu Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jiawen Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Guanyao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuhai Dou
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350017, China
| | - Ding Yuan
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Liangxu Lin
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350017, China
| | - Kaifeng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Kuan Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Hua Kun Liu
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350017, China
| | - Shi-Xue Dou
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350017, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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3
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Loh JR, Xue J, Lee WSV. Challenges and Strategies in the Development of Zinc-Ion Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300101. [PMID: 37035953 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Although promising, the practical use of zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) remains plagued with uncontrollable dendrite growth, parasitic side reactions, and the high intercalation energy of divalent Zn2+ ions. Hence, much work has been conducted to alleviate these issues to maximize the energy density and cyclic life of the cell. In this holistic review, the mechanisms and rationale for the stated challenges shall be summarized, followed by the corresponding strategies employed to mitigate them. Thereafter, a perspective on present research and the outlook of ZIBs would be put forth in hopes to enhance their electrochemical properties in a multipronged approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Rui Loh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Junmin Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Wee Siang Vincent Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
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Liu Z, Ma J, Liu X, Wu H, Wu D, Chen B, Huang P, Huang Y, Wang L, Li Z, Chou S. Coordinating zincophilic sites and a solvation shell for a dendrite-free Zn anode under the synergistic effects of polyacrylonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2114-2122. [PMID: 36845918 PMCID: PMC9945208 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06276c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantages of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are largely offset by the dendrite growth on the Zn anode, which is induced by the heterogeneous electrical field and limited ion transport of the Zn anode-electrolyte interface during plating and stripping. Here, we propose a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-H2O hybrid electrolyte containing polyacrylonitrile (PAN) additives (PAN-DMSO-H2O) to improve the electrical field and ion transport of the Zn anode, which can thus effectively inhibit dendrite growth. Experimental characterization and theoretical calculations show that PAN preferentially adsorbs on the Zn anode surface and provides abundant zincophilic sites after its solubilization by the DMSO, enabling a balanced electric field and lateral Zn plating. DMSO regulates the solvation structure of the Zn2+ ions and strongly bonds to H2O, which concurrently reduces side reactions and enhances the ion transport. Thanks to the synergistic effects of PAN and DMSO, the Zn anode presents a dendrite-free surface during plating/stripping. Moreover, Zn-Zn symmetric and Zn-NaV3O8·1.5H2O full batteries with this PAN-DMSO-H2O electrolyte achieve enhanced coulombic efficiency and cycling stability compared to those with a pristine aqueous electrolyte. The results reported herein will inspire other electrolyte designs for high-performance AZIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Jiale Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 Anhui China
| | - Xiangjian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Haiyang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Chemistry, Jiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou221116JiangsuChina
| | - Dianlun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Bin Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Chemistry, Jiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou221116JiangsuChina
| | - Yang Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 Anhui China
| | - Shulei Chou
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 Zhejiang China
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Fan X, Wang H, Liu X, Liu J, Zhao N, Zhong C, Hu W, Lu J. Functionalized Nanocomposite Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Strong Alkaline-Tolerance and High Zinc Anode Stability for Ultralong-Life Flexible Zinc-Air Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209290. [PMID: 36455877 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing pursuit of next-generation wearable electronics has put forward the demand of reliable energy devices with high flexibility, durability, and enhanced electrochemical performances. Flexible aqueous zinc-air batteries (FAZABs) have attracted great interests owing to the high energy density, safety, and environmental benignity, for which quasi-solid-state gel polymer electrolytes (QSGPEs) are state-of-the-art electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, flexibility, and resistance to leakage problems of traditional liquid electrolytes. Compared to commonly used PVA-KOH electrolyte with poor electrolyte retention capability and cycling stability, a new type of sulfonate functionalized nanocomposite QSGPE is applied in FAZABs with high ionic conductivity, strong alkaline tolerance, and high zinc anode stability. Notably, the existence of (1) strong anionic sulfonate groups of QSGPEs, contributing to the exposure of preferred Zn (002) plane that is more resistant to zinc dendrite formation, and (2) nano-attapulgite electrolyte additives, beneficial for the enhancement of ionic conductivity, electrolyte uptake, and retention capability, endows a ultralong cycling life of 450 h for the fabricated FAZAB. Furthermore, flexible energy belts and knittable energy wires fabricated with a series/parallel unit of several FAZABs can be used to power various wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayue Fan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Haozhi Wang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Naiqin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Material, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Material, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenbin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Material, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jun Lu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
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Cao H, Huang X, Liu Y, Hu Q, Zheng Q, Huo Y, Xie F, Zhao J, Lin D. An efficient electrolyte additive of tetramethylammonium sulfate hydrate for Dendritic-Free zinc anode for aqueous Zinc-ion batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:367-374. [PMID: 35863195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, zinc metal has been considered as a promising metal anode for aqueous rechargeable metal ion batteries due to its low electrochemical potential and high theoretical capacity. However, zinc metal suffers from hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and dendrite growth during plating/stripping. Here, we propose a low-cost, effective and non-toxic electrolyte additive, tetramethylammonium sulfate hydrate (TMA2SO4), as a simple cationic surfactant additive for zinc-ion batteries, to trigger the smooth Zn deposition during charging and discharging process. It is found that TMA2SO4 enable the realization of the deposition of Zn ions along the surface of zinc foil laterally without stacking and thus dendrite growth and side reactions are greatly mitigated by the electrolyte additive of TMA2SO4 even when the amount of the additive is as low as 0.25 mM. As a result, the TMA2SO4 additive induces excellent cycling stability over 1800 h at the current density of 0.5 mA cm-2 with the limited capacity of 0.5 mAh cm-2 for the Zn-Zn symmetrical cell. Moreover, the electrolyte with TMA2SO4 can well match with MnO2 cathode, which achieves the high initial capacity of 181.3 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 and long-term cycling stability with the capacity retention of 98.72 % after 200 cycles for the Zn/MnO2 full cell. This work provides a general electrolyte design strategy to suppress zinc dendrite growth and side reactions to achieve long-lifespan zinc metal anodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries by electrostatic shielding effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Cao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- R&D Center for New Energy Materials and Integrated Energy Devices, School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Qiaoji Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yu Huo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Fengyu Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jingxin Zhao
- Nanotechnology Center, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China.
| | - Dunmin Lin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China.
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Wu F, Chen Y, Chen Y, Yin R, Feng Y, Zheng D, Xu X, Shi W, Liu W, Cao X. Achieving Highly Reversible Zinc Anodes via N, N-Dimethylacetamide Enabled Zn-Ion Solvation Regulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202363. [PMID: 35665600 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising for scalable energy storage application, the actual performance of ZIBs is hampered by the irreversibility. Optimization of electrolyte composition is a relatively practical and facile way to improve coulombic efficiency (CE) and Zn plating/stripping reversibility of ZIBs. N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA) has a higher Gutmann donor number (DN) than that of H2 O, abundant polar groups, and economic price. Herein, a mixture electrolyte containing 10 vol% DMA and ZnSO4 , which has an enhanced Zn reversibility almost fourfold higher than that of pure ZnSO4 electrolyte, is demonstrated. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation and spectroscopic analysis reveal DMA has the ability to reconstruct the solvation structure of Zn2+ and capture free water molecules via forming Hbonds. The inhibited dendrite growth on Zn anode is further clarified by an in situ characterization. This work provides a feasible way for the development of long-lifespan ZIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuchao Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ruilian Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yancong Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institution of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dong Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xilian Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wenhui Shi
- Center for Membrane and Water Science & Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wenxian Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiehong Cao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Pinghu Institute of Advanced Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Jiaxing, 314213, P. R. China
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Wijitrat A, Qin J, Kasemchainan J, Tantavichet N. Ethylene carbonate as an organic electrolyte additive for high-performance aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li X, Ning F, Luo L, Wu J, Xiang Y, Wu X, Xiong L, Peng X. Initiating a high-temperature zinc ion battery through a triazolium-based ionic liquid. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8394-8403. [PMID: 35424792 PMCID: PMC8984945 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00298a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Triazolium-based ionic liquids (T1, T2 and T3) with or without terminal hydroxyl groups were prepared via Cu(i) catalysed azide–alkyne click chemistry and their properties were investigated using various technologies. The hydroxyl groups obviously affected their physicochemical properties, where with a decrease in the number of hydroxyl groups, their stability and conductivity were enhanced. T1, T2 and T3 showed relatively high thermal stability, and their electrochemical stability windows (ESWs) were 4.76, 4.11 and 3.52 V, respectively. T1S-20 was obtained via the addition of zinc trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (Zn(CF3SO3)2) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) to T1, displaying conductivity and ESW values of 1.55 × 10−3 S cm−1 and 6.36 V at 30 °C, respectively. Subsequently, a Zn/Li3V2(PO4)3 battery was assembled using T1S-20 as the electrolyte and its performances at 30 °C and 80 °C were investigated. The battery showed a capacity of 81 mA h g−1 at 30 °C, and its capacity retention rate was 89% after 50 cycles. After increasing the temperature to 80 °C, its initial capacity increased to 111 mA h g−1 with a capacity retention rate of 93.6% after 100 cycles, which was much higher than that of the aqueous electrolyte (WS-20)-based zinc ion battery (71.8%). Simultaneously, the T1S-20 electrolyte-based battery exhibited a good charge/discharge efficiency, and its Coulomb efficiency was 99%. Consequently, the T1S-20 electrolyte displayed a better performance in the Zn/Li3V2(PO4)3 battery than that with the aqueous electrolyte, especially at high temperature. ZIB with T1S-20 electrolyte displays good charge/discharge performances and dendrite-free structure at high temperature, which is better than that with aqueous electrolyte (WS-20).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- College of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering, Jishou University Jishou 416000 China
| | - Fawen Ning
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University Jishou 416000 China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University Jishou 416000 China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- College of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering, Jishou University Jishou 416000 China
| | - Yanhong Xiang
- College of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering, Jishou University Jishou 416000 China
| | - Xianwen Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University Jishou 416000 China
| | - Lizhi Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Jishou University Jishou 416000 China
| | - Xiaochun Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University Jishou 416000 China
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