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Li Y, Wang H, Chen Y, Ding L, Ju H. In Situ Glycan Analysis and Editing in Living Systems. JACS AU 2024; 4:384-401. [PMID: 38425935 PMCID: PMC10900212 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Besides proteins and nucleic acids, carbohydrates are also ubiquitous building blocks of living systems. Approximately 70% of mammalian proteins are glycosylated. Glycans not only provide structural support for living systems but also act as crucial regulators of cellular functions. As a result, they are considered essential pieces of the life science puzzle. However, research on glycans has lagged far behind that on proteins and nucleic acids. The main reason is that glycans are not direct products of gene coding, and their synthesis is nontemplated. In addition, the diversity of monosaccharide species and their linkage patterns contribute to the complexity of the glycan structures, which is the molecular basis for their diverse functions. Research in glycobiology is extremely challenging, especially for the in situ elucidation of glycan structures and functions. There is an urgent need to develop highly specific glycan labeling tools and imaging methods and devise glycan editing strategies. This Perspective focuses on the challenges of in situ analysis of glycans in living systems at three spatial levels (i.e., cell, tissue, and in vivo) and highlights recent advances and directions in glycan labeling, imaging, and editing tools. We believe that examining the current development landscape and the existing bottlenecks can drive the evolution of in situ glycan analysis and intervention strategies and provide glycan-based insights for clinical diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haiqi Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunlong Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Ding
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Chemistry
and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Yang H, Xiong Z, Heng X, Niu X, Wang Y, Yao L, Sun L, Liu Z, Chen H. Click-Chemistry-Mediated Cell Membrane Glycopolymer Engineering to Potentiate Dendritic Cell Vaccines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315782. [PMID: 38018480 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell vaccine (DCV) holds great potential in tumor immunotherapy owing to its potent ability in eliciting tumor-specific immune responses. Aiming at engineering enhanced DCV, we report the first effort to construct a glycopolymer-engineered DC vaccine (G-DCV) via metabolicglycoengineering and copper-free click-chemistry. Model G-DCV was prepared by firstly delivering tumor antigens, ovalbumin (OVA) into dendritic cells (DC) with fluoroalkane-grafted polyethyleneimines, followed by conjugating glycopolymers with a terminal group of dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) onto dendritic cells. Compared to unmodified DCV, our G-DCV could induce stronger T cell activation due to the enhanced adhesion between DCs and T cells. Notably, such G-DCV could more effectively inhibit the growth of the mouse B16-OVA (expressing OVA antigen) tumor model after adoptive transfer. Moreover, by combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, G-DCV showed further increased anti-tumor effects in treating different tumor models. Thus, our work provides a novel strategy to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of DC vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijian Xiong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingyu Heng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomeng Niu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lele Sun
- Institute of Materiobiology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
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Yang H, Yao L, Wang Y, Chen G, Chen H. Advancing cell surface modification in mammalian cells with synthetic molecules. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13325-13345. [PMID: 38033886 PMCID: PMC10685406 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04597h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological cells, being the fundamental entities of life, are widely acknowledged as intricate living machines. The manipulation of cell surfaces has emerged as a progressively significant domain of investigation and advancement in recent times. Particularly, the alteration of cell surfaces using meticulously crafted and thoroughly characterized synthesized molecules has proven to be an efficacious means of introducing innovative functionalities or manipulating cells. Within this realm, a diverse array of elegant and robust strategies have been recently devised, including the bioorthogonal strategy, which enables selective modification. This review offers a comprehensive survey of recent advancements in the modification of mammalian cell surfaces through the use of synthetic molecules. It explores a range of strategies, encompassing chemical covalent modifications, physical alterations, and bioorthogonal approaches. The review concludes by addressing the present challenges and potential future opportunities in this rapidly expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Lihua Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Yichen Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University Suzhou 215006 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
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Cai F, Ren Y, Dai J, Yang J, Shi X. Effects of Various Cell Surface Engineering Reactions on the Biological Behavior of Mammalian Cells. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200379. [PMID: 36579789 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface engineering technologies can regulate cell function and behavior by modifying the cell surface. Previous studies have mainly focused on investigating the effects of cell surface engineering reactions and materials on cell activity. However, they do not comprehensively analyze other cellular processes. This study exploits covalent bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interactions to modify the macromolecules succinimide ester-methoxy polyethylene glycol (NHS-mPEG), distearoyl phosphoethanolamine-methoxy polyethylene glycol (DSPE-mPEG), and poly-L-lysine (PLL), respectively, on the cell surface. This work systematically investigates the effects of the three surface engineering reactions on the behavior of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human skin fibroblasts, including viability, growth, proliferation, cell cycle, adhesion, and migration. The results reveals that the PLL modification method notably affects cell viability and G2/M arrest and has a short modification duration. However, the DSPE-mPEG and NHS-mPEG modification methods have little effect on cell viability and proliferation but have a prolonged modification duration. Moreover, the DSPE-mPEG modification method highly affects cell adherence. Further, the NHS-mPEG modification method can significantly improve the migration ability of HUVECs by reducing the area of focal adhesions. The findings of this study will contribute to the application of cell surface engineering technology in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Cai
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yafeng Ren
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jiajia Dai
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xianai Shi
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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