1
|
Zhou P, Zhou H, Xia Y, Feng Q, Kong X, Hou WH, Ou Y, Song X, Zhou HY, Zhang W, Lu Y, Liu F, Cao Q, Liu H, Yan S, Liu K. Rational Lithium Salt Molecule Tuning for Fast Charging/Discharging Lithium Metal Battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316717. [PMID: 38477147 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The electrolytes for lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are plagued by a low Li+ transference number (T+) of conventional lithium salts and inability to form a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Here, we synthesized a self-folded lithium salt, lithium 2-[2-(2-methoxy ethoxy)ethoxy]ethanesulfonyl(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiETFSI), and comparatively studied with its structure analogue, lithium 1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)]ethyl]methanesulfonamide (LiFEA). The special anion chemistry imparts the following new characteristics: i) In both LiFEA and LiETFSI, the ethylene oxide moiety efficiently captures Li+, resulting in a self-folded structure and high T+ around 0.8. ii) For LiFEA, a Li-N bond (2.069 Å) is revealed by single crystal X-ray diffraction, indicating that the FEA anion possesses a high donor number (DN) and thus an intensive interphase "self-cleaning" function for an ultra-thin and compact SEI. iii) Starting from LiFEA, an electron-withdrawing sulfone group is introduced near the N atom. The distance of Li-N is tuned from 2.069 Å in LiFEA to 4.367 Å in LiETFSI. This alteration enhances ionic separation, achieves a more balanced DN, and tunes the self-cleaning intensity for a reinforced SEI. Consequently, the fast charging/discharging capability of LMBs is progressively improved. This rationally tuned anion chemistry reshapes the interactions among Li+, anions, and solvents, presenting new prospects for advanced LMBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haiyu Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yingchun Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qingqing Feng
- Hefei institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Xian Kong
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hui Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu Ou
- Hefei institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Xuan Song
- Hefei institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Hang-Yu Zhou
- Hefei institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Hefei institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Hefei institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Fengxiang Liu
- Hefei institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Qingbin Cao
- Hefei institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Hefei institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Shuaishuai Yan
- Hefei institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Hefei institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, 230601, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mabrouk Y, Safaei N, Hanke F, Carlsson JM, Diddens D, Heuer A. Reactive molecular dynamics simulations of lithium-ion battery electrolyte degradation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10281. [PMID: 38704444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of reliable computational methods for novel battery materials has become essential due to the recently intensified research efforts on more sustainable energy storage materials. Here, we use a recently developed framework allowing to consistently incorporate quantum-mechanical activation barriers to classical molecular dynamics simulations to study the reductive solvent decomposition and formation of the solid electrolyte interphase for a graphite/carbonate electrolyte interface. We focus on deriving condensed-phase effective rates based on the elementary gas-phase reduction and decomposition energy barriers. After a short initial transient limited by the elementary barriers, we observe that the effective rate shows a transition to a kinetically slow regime influenced by the changing coordination environment and the ionic fluxes between the bulk electrolyte and the interface. We also discuss the impact of the decomposition on the ionic mobility. Thus, our work shows how elementary first-principles properties can be mechanistically leveraged to provide fundamental insights into electrochemical stability of battery electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Mabrouk
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Münster (IEK-12), Corrensstraße 46, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - N Safaei
- Dassault Systémes Deutschland GmbH, Am Kabellager 11-13, 51063, Cologne, Germany
| | - F Hanke
- Dassault Systémes, Cambridge, CB4 0WN, UK.
| | | | - D Diddens
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Münster (IEK-12), Corrensstraße 46, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - A Heuer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
You HM, Yoon Y, Ko J, Back J, Kwon H, Han JW, Kim K. Atomistic Scale Modeling of Anode/Electrolyte Interfaces in Li-Ion Batteries. Langmuir 2024; 40:1961-1970. [PMID: 38224073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A key issue in lithium-ion batteries is understanding the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) resulting from a reductive reaction on the anode/electrolyte interface. The presence of the SEI layer affects the transport behavior of the ions and electrons between the anode and electrolyte. Despite the influence on interfacial properties, the formation and evolution mechanism of the SEI layer are unclear owing to their complexity and dynamic nature. Atomistic-scale simulations have promoted the understanding of the reaction mechanism on the anode/electrolyte interface, the formation and evolution of the SEI layer, and their fundamental properties. This Perspective discusses the modeling and interpretations of anode/SEI/electrolyte interfaces through computational methods at the atomic-scale and highlights interfacial modeling techniques for a realistic interface design, which can overcome the limited time and length scale with high accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Min You
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Clean-Energy Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjun Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Clean-Energy Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Ko
- Next Gen. Battery R&D Center, SK On, Daejeon 34124, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Back
- Next Gen. Battery R&D Center, SK On, Daejeon 34124, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunguk Kwon
- Department of Future Energy Convergence, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeounghak Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Clean-Energy Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Spotte-Smith EW, Vijay S, Petrocelli TB, Rinkel BLD, McCloskey BD, Persson KA. A Critical Analysis of Chemical and Electrochemical Oxidation Mechanisms in Li-Ion Batteries. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:391-400. [PMID: 38175963 PMCID: PMC10801690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Electrolyte decomposition limits the lifetime of commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and slows the adoption of next-generation energy storage technologies. A fundamental understanding of electrolyte degradation is critical to rationally design stable and energy-dense LIBs. To date, most explanations for electrolyte decomposition at LIB positive electrodes have relied on ethylene carbonate (EC) being chemically oxidized by evolved singlet oxygen (1O2) or electrochemically oxidized. In this work, we apply density functional theory to assess the feasibility of these mechanisms. We find that electrochemical oxidation is unfavorable at any potential reached during normal LIB operation, and we predict that previously reported reactions between the EC and 1O2 are kinetically limited at room temperature. Our calculations suggest an alternative mechanism in which EC reacts with superoxide (O2-) and/or peroxide (O22-) anions. This work provides a new perspective on LIB electrolyte decomposition and motivates further studies to understand the reactivity at positive electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Walter
Clark Spotte-Smith
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, 210 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sudarshan Vijay
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, 210 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thea Bee Petrocelli
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, 210 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bernardine L. D. Rinkel
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 201 Gilman Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources, Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bryan D. McCloskey
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 201 Gilman Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources, Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristin A. Persson
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, 210 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wagner-Henke J, Kuai D, Gerasimov M, Röder F, Balbuena PB, Krewer U. Knowledge-driven design of solid-electrolyte interphases on lithium metal via multiscale modelling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6823. [PMID: 37884517 PMCID: PMC10603056 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its high energy density, lithium metal is a promising electrode for future energy storage. However, its practical capacity, cyclability and safety heavily depend on controlling its reactivity in contact with liquid electrolytes, which leads to the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). In particular, there is a lack of fundamental mechanistic understanding of how the electrolyte composition impacts the SEI formation and its governing processes. Here, we present an in-depth model-based analysis of the initial SEI formation on lithium metal in a carbonate-based electrolyte. Thereby we reach for significantly larger length and time scales than comparable molecular dynamic studies. Our multiscale kinetic Monte Carlo/continuum model shows a layered, mostly inorganic SEI consisting of LiF on top of Li2CO3 and Li after 1 µs. Its formation is traced back to a complex interplay of various electrolyte and salt decomposition processes. We further reveal that low local Li+ concentrations result in a more mosaic-like, partly organic SEI and that a faster passivation of the lithium metal surface can be achieved by increasing the salt concentration. Based on this we suggest design strategies for SEI on lithium metal and make an important step towards knowledge-driven SEI engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janika Wagner-Henke
- Institute for Applied Materials - Electrochemical Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Dacheng Kuai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Michail Gerasimov
- Institute for Applied Materials - Electrochemical Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Fridolin Röder
- Bavarian Center for Battery Technology (BayBatt), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95448, Germany
| | - Perla B Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ulrike Krewer
- Institute for Applied Materials - Electrochemical Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pan SH, Nachimuthu S, Hwang BJ, Brunklaus G, Jiang JC. Synergistic dual electrolyte additives for fluoride rich solid-electrolyte interface on Li metal anode surface: Mechanistic understanding of electrolyte decomposition. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 649:804-814. [PMID: 37390528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Improving the quality of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is highly imperative to stabilize the Li-metal anodes for the practical application of high-energy-density batteries. However, controllably managing the formation of robust SEI layers on the anode is challenging in state-of-the-art electrolytes. Herein, we discuss the role of dual additives fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2, LiPF) within the commercial electrolyte mixture (LiPF6/EC/DEC) considering their reactivity with Li metal anodes using density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. Synergistic effects of dual additives on SEI formation mechanisms are explored systematically by invoking different electrolyte mixtures including pure electrolyte (LP47), mono-additive (LP47/FEC and LP47/LiPF), and dual additives (LP47/FEC/LiPF). The present work suggests that the addition of dual additives accelerates the reduction of salt and additives while increasing the formation of a LiF-rich SEI layer. In addition, calculated atomic charges are applied to predict the representative F1s X-ray photoelectron (XPS) signal, and our results agree well with the experimentally identified SEI components. The nature of carbon and oxygen-containing groups resulting from the electrolyte decompositions at the anode surface is also analyzed. We find that the presence of dual additives inhibits undesirable solvent degradation in the respective mixtures, which effectively restricts the hazardous side products at the electrolyte-anode interface and improves SEI layer quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Huang Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Santhanamoorthi Nachimuthu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bing Joe Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan; Sustainable Energy Development Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Gunther Brunklaus
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jyh-Chiang Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu LT, Andersson EKW, Hahlin M, Mindemark J, Brandell D, Jiang JC. A method for modelling polymer electrolyte decomposition during the Li-nucleation process in Li-metal batteries. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9060. [PMID: 37271770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the complex degradation pathways and formed decomposition products of the electrolytes in Li-metal batteries remains challenging. So far, computational studies have been dominated by studying the reactions at inert Li-metal surfaces. In contrast, this study combines DFT and AIMD calculations to explore the Li-nucleation process for studying interfacial reactions during Li-plating by introducing Li-atoms close to the metal surface. These Li-atoms were added into the PEO polymer electrolytes in three stages to simulate the spontaneous reactions. It is found that the highly reactive Li-atoms added during the simulated nucleation contribute to PEO decomposition, and the resulting SEI components in this calculation include lithium alkoxide, ethylene, and lithium ethylene complexes. Meanwhile, the analysis of atomic charge provides a reliable guideline for XPS spectrum fitting in these complicated multicomponent systems. This work gives new insights into the Li-nucleation process, and experimental XPS data supporting this computational strategy. The AIMD/DFT approach combined with surface XPS spectra can thus help efficiently screen potential polymer materials for solid-state battery polymer electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Edvin K W Andersson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Hahlin
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mindemark
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jyh-Chiang Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luo G, Liu D, Zhao J, Hussain A, Raza W, Wu Y, Liu F, Cai X. Negatively Charged Holey Titania Nanosheets Added Electrolyte to Realize Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Battery. Small 2023; 19:e2206176. [PMID: 36587971 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte modulation and electrode structure design are two common strategies to suppress dendrites growth on Li metal anode. In this work, a self-adaptive electrode construction method to suppress Li dendrites growth is reported, which merges the merits of electrolyte modulation and electrode structure design strategies. In detail, negatively charged titania nanosheets with densely packed nanopores on them are prepared. These holey nanosheets in the electrolyte move spontaneously onto the anode under electrical field, building a mesoporous structure on the electrode surface. The as-formed porous electrode has large surface area with good lithiophilicity, which can efficiently transfer lithium ion (Li+ ) inside the electrode, and induce the genuine lithium plating/stripping. Moreover, the negative charges and nanopores on the sheets can also regulate the lithium-ion flux to promote uniform deposition of Li metal. As a result, the symmetric and full cells using the holey titania nanosheets containing electrolyte, show much better performance than the ones using electrolyte without holey nanosheets inside. This work points out a new route for the practical applications of Li-metal batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Luo
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Dongqing Liu
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Arshad Hussain
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Waseem Raza
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Wu
- School of Science and Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Fude Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xingke Cai
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518060, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kuai D, Balbuena PB. Inorganic Solid Electrolyte Interphase Engineering Rationales Inspired by Hexafluorophosphate Decomposition Mechanisms. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2023; 127:1744-1751. [PMID: 38333544 PMCID: PMC10848255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c07838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) engineering is an efficient approach to enhancing the cycling performance of lithium metal batteries. Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) is a popular electrolyte salt. Mechanistic insights into its degradation pathways near the lithium metal anode are critical in modifying the battery electrolyte and SEI. In this work, we elucidate plausible reaction pathways in multiple representative electrolyte systems. Through ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, lithiation and electron transfer are identified as the triggering factors for LiPF6 degradation. Meanwhile, we find that lithium morphology and charge distribution substantially impact the interfacial dissociation pathways. Thermodynamic evaluation of the solvation effects shows that higher electrolyte dielectric constant and lithiation extent profoundly assist the LiPF6 decomposition. These findings offer quantitative thermodynamic and electronic structure information, which promotes rational SEI engineering and electrolyte tuning for lithium metal anode performance enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dacheng Kuai
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Perla B. Balbuena
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yao N, Chen X, Fu ZH, Zhang Q. Applying Classical, Ab Initio, and Machine-Learning Molecular Dynamics Simulations to the Liquid Electrolyte for Rechargeable Batteries. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10970-11021. [PMID: 35576674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rechargeable batteries have become indispensable implements in our daily life and are considered a promising technology to construct sustainable energy systems in the future. The liquid electrolyte is one of the most important parts of a battery and is extremely critical in stabilizing the electrode-electrolyte interfaces and constructing safe and long-life-span batteries. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to developing new electrolyte solvents, salts, additives, and recipes, where molecular dynamics (MD) simulations play an increasingly important role in exploring electrolyte structures, physicochemical properties such as ionic conductivity, and interfacial reaction mechanisms. This review affords an overview of applying MD simulations in the study of liquid electrolytes for rechargeable batteries. First, the fundamentals and recent theoretical progress in three-class MD simulations are summarized, including classical, ab initio, and machine-learning MD simulations (section 2). Next, the application of MD simulations to the exploration of liquid electrolytes, including probing bulk and interfacial structures (section 3), deriving macroscopic properties such as ionic conductivity and dielectric constant of electrolytes (section 4), and revealing the electrode-electrolyte interfacial reaction mechanisms (section 5), are sequentially presented. Finally, a general conclusion and an insightful perspective on current challenges and future directions in applying MD simulations to liquid electrolytes are provided. Machine-learning technologies are highlighted to figure out these challenging issues facing MD simulations and electrolyte research and promote the rational design of advanced electrolytes for next-generation rechargeable batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhong-Heng Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mosallanejad B, Sadeghi Malek S, Ershadi M, Sharifi H, Ahmadi Daryakenari A, Boorboor Ajdari F, Ramakrishna S. Insights into the efficient roles of solid electrolyte interphase derived from vinylene carbonate additive in rechargeable batteries. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|